张巨河复杂断块区构造变形物理模拟

根据三维地震剖面精细解释所得到的构造模型和相似理论，并结合实验工艺的要求，设计了张巨河复杂断块区两个系列的实验开．１．有刚性块基底的不均匀伸展模型；２．不均匀伸展和上拱作用叠加的实验模型。实验结果表明，前者无例外地出现“多米诺”式的反向断层，呈现垒，堑交替分布的特征，与该区所具有的阶梯式下掉的系列断块的特征不符；后者成功地模拟了张巨河地区的构造特征，剖面的主要特点包括张东垒块，阶梯式断块，断层产状     

盆地伸展率计算方法探讨

伸展构造是煤、油田中常见的构造型式，伸展率是反映其水平拉伸运动特征的重要参数。本文推导出单一断块和各种伸展断层组合剖面伸展率的计算公式，并利用这些公式计算出汾河地堑系北部霍州煤矿区的构造伸展率。     

高邮凹陷沙埝断块区的构造特征和构造演化

沙埝断块区是由多个分散、破碎断块组成的复杂断块群.综合分析地质和地球物理资料,认为该区断裂构造发育,阜宁组整体呈现鼻状构造,且是断层的集中发育层,断层弧形弯曲、伴有分支,断块圈闭发育.依据典型的构造演化剖面及伸展量、伸展率和百万年内断层落差将其在新生代期间的构造演化划分为阜宁期断块形成、戴南期断层休眠、三垛期断层再次活动以及新近纪和第四纪构造稳定4个阶段,认为该区新生代构造活动强弱交替,断层活动性差异明显,阜宁期断层活动规模和活动强度最大,新生代持续南降北升,有利于聚集来自南部内斜坡的油气形成油气藏,断块圈闭定型于阜宁期末.     

伸展断层作用对油气二次运移的影响

伸展断层是沉积盆地中的主要构造形迹。伸展断层作用不仅控制着构造圈闭的形成及沉积体系的分布 ,而且也是盆地内成熟油气垂向运移的主干通道。由伸展断层及其邻近地层中的次级断层活动产生的“地震泵”作用是油气二次运移的重要动力源之一。在复杂断块区 ,与“地震泵”所毗邻的储集层是主要的油气富集层段。在判断“地震泵”作用的层位及深度时 ,可以采用构造几何学方法与局部平衡剖面法进行综合分析。根据局部平衡剖面恢复所得到的关键油气运移期的局部伸展量变化曲线 ,可标定出某一断块区的主干伸展层段 ,确定出主干伸展层对预测油气富集的地质层位 ,据此可指导勘探目的层的优选。本文给出了应用实例     

惠民凹陷沙三期—东营期断裂活动性研究

应用断层落差法,对惠民凹陷沙河街—东营期的断裂活动特征进行了研究.研究表明惠民凹陷古近纪经历强烈的伸展活动,断层活动强烈.凹陷内部的断层主要以北东向为主,断层活动具有分段性的特点,惠民凹陷断层活动形成了多种断裂几何形态.盆地边缘断层和内部断层的活动形成了半地堑、半地垒和地堑—地垒形式的断块体,其断块体组合的分布使整个惠民凹陷具有南北分带、东西分块的分区块断的构造特征.沙三—沙二早期,惠民凹陷处于快速伸展断陷期,中央背斜带隆起,临商断裂带和夏口断裂带活动较强;沙二上—东营组沉积期伸展裂陷活动减弱.经过古近纪断陷期的构造演化,基本确定了惠民凹陷的构造格局.     

东营凹陷沙三-东营期断裂活动特征

断裂是控制东营凹陷构造演化的主要因素。应用断层落差法对东营凹陷沙河街-东营期的断裂活动特征进行了研究。结果表明，东营凹陷古近纪在近南北向的伸展方向上，断裂活动强弱交替，在沙三-沙二早期断层活动强烈，沙二晚期-东营期断层活动明显减弱。东营凹陷的断层在平面和剖面上有多种不同的几何形态，组成了半地堑、半地垒和地堑-地垒多种形式的断块体，其组合分布使整个凹陷具有南北分区块断的构造特征。断裂活动时空分布具有不均一性，在北西-南东向和南北向的双向伸展作用下，东营凹陷的断裂活动在空间上具有分段性特征。     

复杂断块油藏的三维地质建模方法--以国外某油田为例

随着油气勘探开发的不断深入,一些具有复杂断块构造特征的油藏已逐渐成为开发的主体目标。建立精准的复杂断块油藏三维地质模型对指导油田开发有着重要的意义。三维地质建模技术能够更细致、准确地研究地下的油藏,为油藏的后续开发提供可靠的地质依据。以国外某油田断块构造发育区块为研究对象,针对研究区地质条件复杂、断层发育的特点,以地质、地震、测井资料为基础,搭建构造框架模型,应用地质统计学理论建立储层岩相及物性参数模型,揭示构造和储层空间分布特征,最终建立一个三维定量的油藏地质模型,在储层计算中各断块误差均小于5%,符合精度要求。该模型将为该区块数值模拟和井位设计等后续工作提供可靠的地质依据,同时也为同类复杂断块油藏的三维地质建模提供借鉴。     

伸展断层作用对油气二次运移的影响

伸展断层是沉积盆地中的主要构造形迹。伸展断层作用不仅控制着构造圈闭的形成及积体系的分布,而且也是盆地内成熟油气垂向运移的主干通上伸展断层及其邻近地层中的次级断层活动产生的“地震泵”作用是油气二次运移的重要动力源之一。在复杂断块区,与“地震泵”所毗邻的储集层是主要的油 富集层段。在判断“地震尕”作用的层位及深度时,可以采用构造几何学方法与局部平衡剖面法进行综合 部平衡的面换复所得到的关键油气运移期的     

东营凹陷南坡断块类型及其油气封闭性研究

东营凹陷南部斜坡带沙河街组发育大量顺向及反向断层组成的断块圈闭，处于有利构造背景下的断块圈闭仅部分成藏，因此，断层的地质属性制约了油气封闭的有效性。从断层的各项属性如活动性、断距、砂地比、断面应力、紧闭指数及SGR因子等入手，针对研究区的顺向断块、反向断块及倾向相反的顺反向组合断块等3种主要类型开展封闭性研究。研究表明，高含砂量层系（沙二段）反向断块更易成藏，顺向断块成藏概率较低；中、低含砂量层系（沙四下亚段-孔店组）顺向、反向断块均可成藏，且反向断块更为有利。此外，倾向相反的共轭组合断块研究表明，斜交式比共线式组合断块的封堵性更好，斜交式断块的主控断层及辅助断层满足经验断层封闭参数，该共轭组合断块亦是有利类型。     

鲁西隆起晚中生代以来北西向正断层特征及物理模拟

鲁西隆起区伸展构造极为发育,通过野外地质调查对隆起区北西向正断层的几何学特征进行研究,采用平衡剖面演化方法,选取横穿该区北西向断层的一条剖面,定量计算正断层横向上和垂向上晚中生代以来各主要构造演化阶段的构造运动学参数,并通过构造物理模拟实验详细解析鲁西隆起区伸展变形过程。研究结果表明,北西向控凹断层在三叠纪后皆发生负反转,晚中生代鲁西隆起受到强烈拉伸,伸展构造主要发生在19~20 km以下的深尺度范围内,断层切割深度加大。断裂带上普遍发育断层角砾岩、碎裂岩及断层泥。古近纪伸展作用以浅层拉伸为主,鲁西伸展量和伸展率最大,伸展作用强烈,对应北西向正断层的活动速率值也达最大值,同时发育大规模、范围广的半地堑。新近纪,伸展率很小,北西向正断层活动性大大减弱,至第四纪,断层几乎不再活动,反映鲁西隆起基本处于稳定。鲁西隆起晚中生代的伸展与华北克拉通构造变革相一致,而新生代的强烈伸展主要受控于太平洋板块与欧亚板块俯冲方向与速度的改变以及印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.