粘弹性聚合物驱油的数学模型

为了研究粘弹性聚合物驱油规律,建立了粘弹性聚合物驱油数学模型。从弹性效应和粘性效应两个方面描述聚合物驱油机理。聚合物弹性能够降低残余油饱和度,聚合物粘性改善油水流度比,扩大波及体积。该模型能够模拟聚合物驱油具有的提高微观驱油效率和流度控制驱油机理以及所发生的对流、弥散、扩散、吸附等一系列物化现象。利用该模型拟合了实验室聚合物岩心驱油过程。数值模拟结果与实际岩心驱油过程基本一致,表明该模型可以进行聚合物驱油的机理研究、实际应用可行性研究、矿场方案优选和开发效果预测。     

多元泡沫化学剂复合驱油渗流数学模型

在多元泡沫复合驱油实验研究的基础上,通过对渗流机理、渗流规律的分析,根据质量传输流体力学、化学动力学、物质平衡原理和对泡沫上浮运动等机理的深入研究,建立了多元泡沫化学剂复合驱油渗流数学模型.结合对泡沫流动机理和物理化学性质的实验研究,给出了相应的数学描述模型方程.数值模拟结果表明,该模型能较好地反映了渗流物理实质.     

高温氮气泡沫驱油数学模型研究

在对高温氮气泡沫驱油作用机理进行研究的基础上,建立了高温氮气泡沫驱油数学模型.该模型考虑了低界面张力体系驱油机理、泡沫封堵机理等.其中泡沫剂的运移方程充分考虑了对流、弥散及表面活性剂损失等机理.对该模型进行了自适应隐式方法数值求解.通过对实际的高温泡沫生产井进行历史拟合,可以看出,高温氮气泡沫驱油数学模型正确反映了热力采油和泡沫驱油的作用机理,具有较高的可靠性.     

乙醇胺提高延长稠油油藏聚/表二元驱采收率研究

针对延长稠油油藏的水驱后含水率上升的问题,通过室内实验方法,在原有聚表二元驱的基础上,研究一种适用于延长油田的有机碱,优选三元复合体系的配方;并通过物理流动驱油实验对三种化学驱油体系的驱油性能进行了分析和评价。结果表明:油藏的原油酸值为1.95 mg/g,适合进行三元复合驱的研究;筛选出的有机碱是乙醇胺,其能有效减低油水界面张力并对复合体系的黏度几乎没有影响,试验优化的三元复合体系的配方是:1 500 mg/L聚合物2 000 mg/L表面活性剂+3 500 mg/L乙醇胺。驱油实验表明:在均质岩心和三层非均质岩心模型中,与聚合物驱和聚表二元驱相比,三元复合驱都能提高原油的采收率,其中模拟油藏条件的三层非均质岩心条件下,采收率增值达13.38%,达到了控水增油的目的。     

泡沫封堵能力试验研究

借助岩心驱替流程试验,研究了含油模型水驱之后注泡沫、复合泡沫及聚合物驱后注单一泡沫、复合泡沫的泡沫体系封堵能力,结果表明,单一泡沫驱在水驱残余油条件下,难以形成有效的封堵,而复合泡沫体系在各种残余油条件下均能形成有效的封堵调剖能力,证明复合泡沫体系是一种性能良好的调剖驱油剂。     

高含水期油藏三次采油物理模拟评价

针对高含水期油藏三次采油评价困难的问题,在室内岩心驱替实验物理模拟高含水期油藏后期聚驱和复合驱驱油过程基础上,对聚合物驱不同段塞大小、不同段塞浓度的聚驱效果进行了模拟评价,得出：随聚合物注入PV数的增加,聚合物驱油效率增大,但增大幅度逐渐变小;随注入聚合物浓度的增加,聚合物驱油效率逐渐增大,其增大幅度逐渐变小。在此基础上,对辽河油田SH高含水油藏进行了聚合物驱和复合驱可行性评价,对比和分析了聚合物驱、聚合物-表活剂驱、聚合物-碱驱以及聚合物-表活剂-碱驱驱油效果,认为聚合物驱为该油藏最优的开发调整方式。     

聚合物交联调剖驱油数学模型

为了优化聚合物交联调剖驱油方案,预测驱油效果,建立了描述聚合物交联调剖驱油过程的数学模型。该模型通过水相粘度和渗透率下降系数的变化模拟调剖驱油机理。水相粘度和渗透率下降系数表述为交联剂浓度、聚合物浓度、pH值和成胶时间的函数。该模型能够模拟调剖驱油具有的流度控制驱油机理以及所发生的对流、弥散、扩散、吸附等一系列物化现象。进行了调剖驱油典型算例计算。计算结果表明所建立的数学模型对调剖驱油机理模拟正确,模型具有较强的实用性。可以通过数值模拟方法辅助进行聚合物交联调剖驱油的机理研究、实际应用可行性研究、矿场方案优选和开发效果预测。     

超低界面张力的二元驱油体系对水驱残余油启动和运移机理

针对三元复合驱含碱驱油体系引起地层黏土分散和运移、形成碱垢、导致地层渗透率下降,碱还会大幅度降低聚合物溶液的黏弹性,从而降低波及效率等问题,利用新研制的不加碱可形成超低界面张力两性表面活性剂,通过微观模型驱油实验,分析了聚丙烯酰胺/两性表面活性剂二元复合体系对残余油启动、运移的过程,研究了该二元复合体系对水驱后残余油的作用机理.研究表明:具有超低界面张力的聚表二元复合体系利用了聚合物溶液的黏弹特性和表面活性剂体系的超低界面张力特性,使采收率大幅度提高.残余油的启动主要以拉成油滴和油丝两种形式,在运移过程中,较大的油滴又形成更容易被驱替液携带的小油滴,从而使驱油效率提高.     

泡沫复合驱微观驱油特性分析

利用微观仿真光刻玻璃模型进行了驱油实验 ,对于亲水及亲油性不同的介质 ,利用图像采集系统将驱替过程的图像转化为计算机的数值信号 ,然后采用图像分析技术对碱表面活性剂聚合物泡沫复合驱的微观驱油特性进行了分析。特别对泡沫的挤压与占据作用、乳化油滴渗流、泡沫的选择性堵塞作用的分析结果表明 ,多元泡沫复合驱油过程中形成 3个条带 :前沿条带是混气复合体系及乳状液渗流 ;中间条带既有前沿条带中的两种渗流 ,也有泡沫渗流 ;后沿条带无油 ,以泡沫渗流为主。泡沫对驱扫盲端残余油有很大的优势 ,大泡将小泡挤入盲端 ,小泡将盲端中的油挤出。泡沫也具有明显的选择性堵塞作用 ,被驱出的油相及乳化的油滴可沿着泡沫之间的液膜绕过泡沫向前运移 ,这对于开发非均质性油藏极为有利。     

稠油泡沫驱和三元复合驱微观驱油机理对比研究

为了研究稠油泡沫驱和三元复合驱的微观驱油机理,利用微观仿真玻璃刻蚀模型进行了驱油实验,通过图像采集系统将驱替过程的图像转化为计算机的数值信号,然后采用图像分析技术进行对比研究.结果表明,泡沫驱对稠油的微观驱油机理有乳化作用、贾敏效应和泡沫的挤压剪切作用,而三元复合驱主要还是通过聚合物对管壁剩余油、盲端剩余油的拉、拽作用达到剥离稠油的目的.泡沫驱和三元复合驱相比,泡沫驱具有贾敏效应,能够对水流大通道进行有效封堵,从而提高了驱替剂的波及系数.三元复合驱虽然对稠油也具有较强的乳化作用,但是未观察到乳化捕集作用从而引起波及系数的提高.由于波及系数的提高对于开发稠油油藏极为有利,因此泡沫驱对提高稠油油藏采收率具有很大的优势.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.