新疆油田低渗透区块空气驱实验研究

低渗透油藏由于地层能量衰竭较快且注水困难,一次及二次采收率较低,故考虑采用注空气技术来维持地层压力、提高采收率.相对于其他气驱技术,空气驱具有来源广、成本低的显著优势.通过对C-9井区原油低温氧化实验及空气驱实验,研究了目标区块原油的低温氧化特性及油藏条件下的空气驱提高原油采收率幅度.主要从注空气安全和提高采收率潜力方面评价了空气驱低温氧化工艺的可行性.实验结果表明,在相对低温条件下C-9区块原油可以有效消耗氧气,即使氧化速率缓慢,但是考虑空气在油藏中滞留时间及氧化反应的热效率,仍可以保证注气安全,空气驱二次采油可以得到较高的采收率,但是对于剩余油饱和度低的三次采油,空气驱提高采收率的幅度相对较低.     

注空气泡沫低温氧化工艺提高采收率试验

针对中原油田胡12块油藏非均质性严重及水驱效果差的现状,对原油-空气泡沫的氧化特性、封堵效果及其影响因素、驱油效果进行模拟试验研究.结果表明:胡12块原油具有较好的氧化活性,温度、压力、含水饱和度与黏土含量对氧化速率都有影响;空气泡沫的存在对原油静态氧化有一定影响,而对油藏条件下的动态氧化影响不大;气液比为1:1-2:1、温度越低、压力及岩心渗透率越高时,泡沫稳定性越好,封堵能力越强;空气泡沫驱阶段可提高驱油效率13%～24%,适用于非均质严重地层提高原油采收率.     

注气体积和轻质油藏空气驱机制的关系探讨

通过细长管、填砂管氧化和驱替等一系列室内试验以及绝热条件下注空气过程的数值模拟研究注空气体积及不同注气阶段和轻质油藏注空气驱油机制的关系。根据试验和数值模拟分析结果,与其他气驱过程比较,给出典型轻质油藏空气驱替试验可能取得的原油采收率与注气体积关系理论曲线。结果表明,轻质油藏在不同注气体积条件下具有不同的驱油机制:注气体积小于0.5Vp(Vp为孔隙体积)即气体突破之前,烟道气驱为主要的驱油机制,驱油过程为一非混相气驱过程;注气体积大于0.5Vp即气体突破之后,烟道气和高温反应带共同作用的驱替作用表现为其主要机制;当反应带逐步推进至接近产出端时,反应带的热效应有可能成为重要的驱油机制。     

油藏非生物因素耗氧实验研究

注入多少氧气是好氧微生物驱油技术亟待解决的问题。采用高压氧化管作为反应器,通过分析反应前后气体组分的变化,探讨了胜利油田某区块原油、注入水和产出水的耗氧情况。结果表明：对70℃的油藏,非生物因素耗氧主要是氧气对原油的低温氧化作用。6.3MPa、70℃,高压空气与原油充分反应12d,平均每克原油耗氧20.15mg,其中3.29%转化为CO2;5.8MPa、70℃,高压空气与注入水体积比为1∶23,充分反应12d,每升注入水耗氧11.12mg,其中95.00%转化为CO2;6.3MPa、70℃,高压空气与产出水体积比为1∶23,充分反应12d,每升产出水耗氧3.9 mg,几乎完全转化为CO2。该研究工作将为空气辅助微生物驱油技术提供理论依据。     

延长油田凝胶-空气泡沫综合调驱技术实验研究及应用

针对延长油田低渗透裂缝性油藏含水上升快、采出程度低等问题,提出了凝胶-空气泡沫综合调驱的方案。利用方形裂缝性岩心和填砂管岩心模拟油藏条件,对凝胶和空气泡沫的注入方式、段塞大小等一系列重要参数进行了优化。凝胶注入量为0.3 PV时可有效封堵裂缝性岩心的高渗条带;气液体积为3∶1、气液小段塞多周期交替注入时生成的泡沫质量最佳;非均质油藏综合调驱最佳注入方案为0.3 PV凝胶+0.6 PV空气泡沫,可将综合采收率提高40%以上。矿场试验结果表明,凝胶-空气泡沫综合调驱技术能够大幅提高油藏原油采收率,具有在同类油藏进一步推广应用的价值。     

胜利油田注空气二次采油技术评价研究

注空气技术已被成功应用于不同类型油藏以提高采收率。对注水困难的低渗透油藏来说,注空气取代注水进行二次采油以及注空气/空气泡沫进行三次采油都将受到越来越多的重视。针对注空气驱油机理和工艺特点,通过一系列实验和油藏数值模拟,研究低渗透油藏注空气提高采收率的机理及其应用。针对胜利油田低渗透轻质油藏目标区块,采用小型台架氧化反应器(SBR)进行原油氧化实验,并利用驱替装置进行氮气驱和空气驱的对比实验,评价了原油的氧化特性及空气驱的驱油效率,给出了原油-空气低温氧化动力学参数,为数值模拟提供基础数据。最后运用油藏数值模拟热采模型对注空气过程中氧化反应的热效应提高采收率进行了预测。     

明15块空气泡沫驱低温氧化反应动力学模型及影响因素分析

基于室内空气原油静态氧化实验,在理论分析的基础上,确立了低温氧化反应动力学方程。基于简化的Arrhenius方程,确定了氧化反应的活化能、反应速率和反应焓,从而建立了低温氧化反应动力学模型。依据建立的氧化反应动力学模型,结合中原油田明15块油藏基本参数和先导实验数据,通过数值模拟的方法分析了油藏低温氧化反应特征、原油性能及工艺参数等对空气泡沫驱提高采收率效果的影响规律。     

轻质油藏注空气燃烧管试验

燃烧管试验是注空气评价过程中的重要试验,其目的是研究注空气过程中原油在地层条件下的燃烧情况.在Calgary大学长1 m、渗透率为1.457 μm2的填砂管中,对鄯善轻质油藏原油进行注空气燃烧管试验.分析了提高原油采收率和维持燃烧所需要的燃料、产出气的组成、产出油和水的量以及注空气温度前沿推进速度.对脱气油注氮气,驱油效率可达到64%,在此基础上注空气,驱油效率可再提高23%,同时燃烧消耗10%的原油,但注空气时不能持续燃烧,进行二次点火后才可完成试验.     

注空气过程轻质原油低温氧化动力学

对于埋藏较深且注水困难的低渗透油藏,空气驱可作为二次采油方法.空气驱过程中地层内部分原油将和空气中的氧气发生低温氧化(LTO)反应生成烟道气(主要是N2、CO2)和油的氧化产物.通过分析轻质原油低温氧化机制,提出改进的低温氧化反应模型;采用小型台架反应器实验求取改进模型的动力学参数(Arrhenius活化能及频率因子)...     

轻质油藏注空气燃烧管试验

燃烧管试验是注空气评价过程中的重要试验,其目的是研究注空气过程中原油在地层条件下的燃烧情况.在Calgary大学长1 m、渗透率为1.457 μm2的填砂管中,对鄯善轻质油藏原油进行注空气燃烧管试验.分析了提高原油采收率和维持燃烧所需要的燃料、产出气的组成、产出油和水的量以及注空气温度前沿推进速度.对脱气油注氮气,驱油效率可达到64%,在此基础上注空气,驱油效率可再提高23%,同时燃烧消耗10%的原油,但注空气时不能持续燃烧,进行二次点火后才可完成试验.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.