不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液驱油效果研究

目前大庆油田聚合物驱试验区主要采用清水配制污水稀释聚合物的注入方式,不同水质矿化度能够大幅度影响聚合物溶液的黏度,对于是否可以通过降低污水矿化度提高驱油效果尚未得到统一的认识。通过人造长方岩心恒压驱油实验考察了四种不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液等黏条件下的驱油效果。研究表明,在渗透率为900 m D岩心(岩心规格4.5 cm×4.5 cm×30 cm)中,剪前等黏70 m Pa·s等段塞大小四种不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物体系,高矿化度体系比低矿化度体系提高采收率值增加3.3%;等聚合物用量条件下,高矿化度体系比低矿化度体系提高采收率值降低2.9%;驱油段塞受地层水稀释对驱油效果的影响达1.8%。通过对比分析,明确了不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液对驱油效果影响,可以为现场进一步开展聚合物驱提供参考。     

用于提高油田采收率的聚合物降解与防护

聚合物驱油是目前工业化应用程度最高的提高采收率三次采油方法，注入溶液的性能指标直接影响聚合物的增油效果，聚合物溶液的降解和防护已引起石油科技工作者的广泛关注。通过大量的室内实验和现场试验对聚合物驱油可能引起的机械降解、化学降解和生物降解进行了详细分析，对如何做好聚合物溶液降解的防护提出了可操作性的措施，在胜利油田应用后取得了预期的聚合物粘度保护效果，这对我国高含水油田聚合物驱油的广泛推广应用具有重要的现实意义。     

聚合物溶液的弹性对驱油效率贡献的定量描述

通过可视化微观驱油实验研究不同质量浓度聚合物溶液和不同黏度甘油溶液驱替水驱后各类残余油的驱油效率,对比分析聚合物溶液的弹性对驱油效率的贡献。结果表明:在相同的黏度条件下,聚合物驱对盲端类、膜状类、斑状类和簇类残余油的驱油效率高于甘油驱的驱油效率,其驱油效率的差值是聚合物溶液弹性的贡献;对盲端类、膜状类、斑状类和簇类残余油,随聚合物溶液质量浓度的增加,驱油效率增加,弹性对驱油效率的贡献约为40%。     

聚合物浓度及段塞组合对驱油效果的影响

在模拟大庆油田聚合物驱条件下,室内实验研究了高分子量聚合物的浓度、段塞组合对驱油效果的影响。实验结果表明,在聚合物总用量相同的情况下,随着高分子量聚合物浓度的增大,聚合物驱采收率增大。采用小段塞,并且不断降低聚合物黏度的方案注入时,提高采收率的幅度最大,聚驱采收率可达40.12%,最终采收率达80.48%。     

强碱三元复合驱后多种调驱剂的驱油效果对比

为了优选出强碱三元复合驱后增油效果最好的调驱剂体系,以大庆杏树岗油田储层为研究对象,通过物理模拟驱油实验研究了恒速和恒压条件下的多种调驱剂在强碱三元复合驱后的驱油效果。结果表明,强碱三元复合驱后注入高浓度聚合物溶液、无碱二元复合体系、弱碱三元复合体系、"聚合物凝胶+无碱二元复合体系"组合以及"聚合物凝胶+弱碱三元复合体系"组合都可以进一步提高采收率,其中"聚合物凝胶+弱碱三元复合体系"组合液流转向效果较好,含水率下降幅度较大,采收率增幅也较大。     

污水配制聚合物对提高采收率影响研究

利用纵向非均质人造岩心,进行了聚合物驱提高采收率的物理模拟实验。研究污水配制聚合物溶液对提高采收率的影响。实验结果表明,同浓度下,用污水配制或稀释聚合物溶液,其黏度比清水配制的低,相应的采收率也低。在水型和聚合物浓度相同的条件下,抗盐聚合物驱采收率增幅比普通聚合物高1.3%—2.5%;而且水质越差,差别越明显。说明抗盐聚合物更适用于污水配制聚合物进行驱油。黏度相同而水型不同的聚合物溶液,其注入压力也不同。清水配制并稀释的聚合物溶液具有最低注入压力。     

聚合物段塞交替注入参数优化研究

通过室内物理模拟实验,研究了注入方式对压力梯度的影响。研究表明,交替注入方式的压力梯度在较宽范围内均高于笼统注入方式。表明交替注入时,由压力梯度产生的,促使残余油受力以及变形的力,在较长的受效时间内大于笼统注入方式;同时研究了段塞交替次数和段塞组合方式对驱油效果的影响。实验结果表明:在聚合物用量相同的情况下,随着段塞交替次数的增加,化学驱采收率呈先增大后减小的趋势,最佳交替次数为4次;先注高浓度高分子量段塞组合驱油效果好于低分子量低浓度段塞组合的驱油效果;在聚合物用量不变的情况下,高分子量聚合物和低分子量聚合物交替注入驱油效果优于单独高分子量聚合物的驱油效果;最终优选最佳驱油体系为:主段塞0.1 PV2 g/L(分子量2 500×104),副段塞0.25PV0.5 g/L(分子量700×104),交替4次。     

中低渗油藏化学驱方案优化与矿场对比评述

以某中低渗砂岩油藏P 区块为例,为提高其高采出程度、特高含水阶段油藏采收率,在油藏工程、油藏精细描述及物理模拟研究的基础上,运用三次采油数值模拟技术开展化学驱方案优化设计研究,设计了24 个聚合物驱方案、30 个聚合物/表面活性剂驱方案和33 个三元复合驱方案,用全因素优化方法对注采参数和注入方式进行优化。研究结果表明,主段塞保持相对较高的化学剂浓度和PV 数有利于提高采收率,适量增加高浓度聚合物前置段塞和低浓度聚合物后置段塞有利于保证化学驱的增油效果,优化方案为采用“阶梯四段式”注入方式的聚合物/表面活性剂驱方案,试验区提高采收率11.62%。与已实施的主要化学驱试验相比,油藏条件、聚合物黏度、井网井距及注入量等的差异是产生化学驱开发效果差异的关键因素。     

化学驱油技术在胜利油区的应用研究

胜利油区绝大部分油田的开发都已进入“三高”阶段．利用化学驱技术可以改善和提高这类油田的石油采收率．胜利油区现场应用的化学驱油技术主要是：聚合物驱和三元复合驱（ＳＡＰ）．在决定石油采收率的众多因素中,驱油剂的波及效率和洗油效率是最重要的参数,而聚合物驱和三元复合驱基本满足了这两个参数．经过向部分井中注入聚合物、活性剂、碱的先导试验,选定了用于聚合物驱的水溶性聚合物和三元复合驱的碱、活性剂、聚合物．采用了一泵一井注入流程、一泵对多井远距离定量供液流程、母液配制全过程自动控制技术等．通过在孤东、孤岛等油田的应用,化学驱油技术平均可以提高采收率２０％,从而为化学驱油的进一步推广应用和基础研究奠定了基础．     

超低界面张力体系驱油方式与微观驱油效果

为了探索超低界面张力体系的驱油方式及其微观驱油效果,利用玻璃刻蚀的透明微观仿真孔隙模型,进行了2种模型、4种驱油方式共6个方案的BS13甜菜碱型表面活性剂及其与聚合物复配二元体系的微观驱油室内实验,并采用图像分析技术研究了不同驱油方式及其微观驱油效果.结果表明:在均质和非均质模型中,BS13甜菜碱型超低界面张力活性水都易于在水驱已形成的渗流通道中突进,使驱替效果变差,单纯用超低界面张力活性水段塞进行驱替,不能有效地提高采收率;超低界面张力二元复合体系能够有效地防止其沿水驱形成的渗流通道向前突进,具有较好的驱替效果;欲获得较高的采收率,不仅要尽量降低驱油体系与原油间的界面张力,而且要适当增加驱油体系的黏度.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.