The effect of DIO additive on performance improvement of polymer solar cells

A series of polymer solar cells （PSCs） based on poly （diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene） （PDPP3T） and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester （PC71BM） as active layer were fabricated to investigate the effect of 1,8- diiodooctane （DIO） on the performance of PSCs. The power conversion efficiency （PCE） of PSCs was increased from 3.77 % to 4.37 % for the cells with DIO additive. The underlying reason may be attributed to that DIO additive could make PC71BM more dispersive in the active layer, forming a better bicontinuous interpenetrating network for excition dissociation and charge carrier transport. There- fore, the short circuit current density （Jsc） and fill factor （FF） was increased from 8.25 to 9.18 mA/cm2 and from 67.2 % to 70.0 % for the PSCs with DIO additive compared with PSCs without DIO additive.     

Flexible dye-sensitized solar cell based on PCBM/P3HT heterojunction

Using blend heterojunction consisting of C60 derivatives [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as charge carrier transferring medium to replace I3–/I– redox electrolyte,a novel flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is fabricated.The characterization of infrared spectra and ultraviolet-visible spectra shows that the PCBM/P3HT heterojunction has not only the absorption in ultraviolet light for PCBM,but also the absorption in visible and near infrared light for P3HT,which widens the photoelectric response range for DSSC.The influence of PCBM/P3HT mass ratio on the performance of the solar cell is discussed.Under 100 mW cm–2 (AM 1.5) simulated solar irradiation,the flexible solar cell achieves a lightto-electric energy conversion efficiency of 1.43%,open circuit voltage of 0.87 V,short circuit current density of 3.0 mA cm–2 and fill factor of 0.54.     

Controlling PCBM aggregation in P3HT/PCBM film by a selective solvent vapor annealing

A selective solvent vapor, i.e., cyclohexanone or isopropyl benzene, which is a poor solvent for poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and a good solvent for fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), was employed to reduce the size of PCBM aggregates and prolong the formation time of big PCBM aggregates in P3HT/PCBM film. PCBM nucleates and aggregates of 10-20 nm scale form in the first few minutes annealing. Then the size of PCBM aggregates kept unchanged until annealing for 60 min. Finally, larger PCBM aggregates of micron-size formed hours later. On the contrary, the growth rate of PCBM aggregates was faster and their size was larger when treated with a good solvent vapor for both components. The P3HT crystallinity was the same with different types of annealing solvents, although the rate of P3HT self-organization was decreased after a selective solvent vapor annealing. Because of the smaller size of phase separation, the device annealed in a selective solvent vapor for 30 min had a higher PCE than that annealed in a good solvent vapor.     

Nanoscale structural and electronic evolution for increased efficiency in polymer solar cells monitored by electric scanning probe microscopy

Control of blend morphology at multi-scale is critical for optimizing the power conversion efficiency （PCE） of plastic solar cells. To better understand the physics of photoactive layer in the organic photovoltaic devices, it is necessary to gain understanding of morphol- ogy and the corresponding electronic property. Herein we report the correlation between nanoscale structural, electric properties of bulk heterojunction （BHJ） solar cells and the annealing-induced PCE change. We demonstrate that the PCE of BHJ solar cells are dramatically improved （from 1.3 % to 4.6 %） by thermal annealing, which results from P3HT crystalline stacking and the PCBM aggregation for interpenetrated network. The similar trend for annealing- induced photovoltage and PCE evolution present as an initial increase followed by a decrease with the annealing time and temperature. The surface roughness increase slowly and then abruptly after the same inflection points observed for photovoltage and PCE. The phase images in electric force microscopy indicate the optimized P3HT and PCBM crystallization for interpenetrating network formation considering the spectroscopic results as well. From the correlation between surface photovoltage, blend morphology, and PCE, we propose a model to illustrate the film structure and its evolution under different annealing conditions. This work would benefit the better design and optimization of the morphology and local electric proper- ties of solar cell active layers for improved PCE.     

Influences of fluorine auxochrome in fluorene molecular electroluminescent material on optoelectronic property

The UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence （PL） spectra of 2,3-bis（9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl） quinoxaline （Py）, 2,3-bis（9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl）-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline （F2Py） and 2,3-bis（9,9- dihexyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl）-5,6,7,8-tetrafluoroquinoxaline （F4Py）, which are fluorene molecular derivatives with conjugated structure, were investigated. For further investigation of the influences of fluorine suxochrome in fluorene molecular electroluminescent material on optoelectronic property, the electroluminescence （EL） characteristics of materials were studied by double-layer organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） using N,N＇-Di-[（1-naphthalenyl）-N,N＇-diphenyl]-（1,1＇-biphenyl）-4,4＇-diamine （NPB） as a hole transporting layer （HTL） with the conventional vacuum deposition method. The results showed that the absorption and PL spectra of materials in film state red shifted with fluorine substituenta increased in molecule configuration. The performance of OLEDs is as follows： at a bias voltage of 5 V, Py emitted a blue-green light at 508 nm with the Commission Internationale d＇Eclairage （ClE） coordinates of （0.23, 0.43） and full width at half maximum （FWHM） of 100 nm. The device had a turn-on voltage （defined as the drive voltage at the luminance of 1 cd/m^2） of 4.8 V, a luminance of 129 cd/m^2 with a current density of 59 mA/cm^2 at 10 V, and a maximum luminous efficiency of 0.18 lm/W at 5.4 V. F2Py and F4Py emitted a green light peaking at 544 nm and a yellow light at 570 nm at 5 V, with the CIE coordinates of （0.38, 0.56） and （0.44, 0.49）, and FWHM of 103 and 117 nm, respectively. The F2Py and F4Py devices had a turn-on voltage of 4 and 2 V, a luminance of 557 and 3300 cd/m^2 with a current density of 100 and 880 mA/cm^2 at 10 V, and a maximum luminous efficiency of 0.22 lm/W at 7.6 V and 0.53 lm/W at 2 V, respectively.     

Microstructure and properties of indium tin oxide thin films deposited by RF-magnetron sputtering

Tin-doped indium oxide （ITO） thin films were prepared using conventional radio frequency （RF） planar magnetron sputtering equipped with IR irradiation using a ceramic target of In2O3/SnO2 with a mass ratio of 1：1 at various IR irradiation temperatures T1 （from room temperature to 400 ℃ ）. The refractive index, deposited ratio, and resistivity are functions of the sputtering Ar gas pressure. The microstructure of ITO thin films is related to IR T are amorphous at the temperature ranging from 1, the crystalline seeds appear at T1 = 300℃, and the films 27 ℃ to 400 ℃.     

Novel high PSRR current reference based on subthreshold MOSFETs

This paper takes full advantages of the I-V transconductance characteristics of metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor （MOSFET） operating in the subthreshold region and the enhancement pre-regulator technique with the high gain negative feedback loop. The proposed reference circuit, designed with the SMIC 0.18 μm standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor （CMOS） logic process technology, exhibits a stable current of about 1.701 μA with much low temperature coefficient （TC） of 2.5×10^-4μA/℃ in the temperature range of-40 to 150℃ at 1.5 V supply voltage, and also achieves a best PSRR over a broad frequency. The PSRR is about - 126 dB at DC frequency and remains -92 dB at the frequency higher 100 MHz. Moreover the proposed reference circuit operates stably at the supply voltage higher 1.2 V and has good process compatibility.     

Fabrication of PEDOT/PSS-ZnO nanowire by self-assembly method under vacuum condition

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has at- tracted much attention due to its high conductivity, excel- lent environmental stability and chemical processabil- ity[1,2]. PEDOT/PSS dispersion is a water-soluble system using poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS) as the doping counterion during polymerization. The inclusion of PSS results in better solubility and processability to the PE- DOT/PSS aqueous dispersion[3, 4]. Recently, synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) multifunc- tional co…     

Performances improvement of eosin Y sensitized solar cells by modifying TiO2 electrode with silane-coupling reagent

Chemical fixing of xanthene dye （eosin Y） on the surface of TiO2 electrode was carried out by modifying the electrode with silane-coupling reagent to obtain stable dye-sensitized TiO2 electrode. Such silane modification can not only evidently enhance the stability of dye-sensitized TiO2 electrode but also improve the energy conversion efficiency of the assembled cells by increasing short-circuit photocurrent （Jsc） and open-circuit photovoltage （Voc）. It was found that the improvements of cell performances differ depending on the composition of the electrolyte. The optimum cell of the cell performance was achieved in the electrolyte with 0.5 mol/L TBAI/0.05 mol/L 12/EC：PC（3：1 w/w）, yielding Jsc of 4.69 mA. cm-2, Voc of 0,595 V, fill factor （FF） of 0.64 and ηof 1,78%, Different spectroscopic techniques including UV-Vis spectra, fluorescence spectra, EIS and dark current measurements were employed to derive reasonable analysis and explanations.     

Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells Based on Chitosan Electroylte

1 Results ITO-ZnTe/Chitosan-NH4I-I2/ITO photoelectrochemical solar cells have been fabricated and characterized by current-voltage characteristics.In this work,the ZnTe thin film was prepared by electrodeposition on indium-tin-oxide coated glass.The chitosan electrolyte consists of NH4I salt and iodine.Iodine was added to provide the I3-/I- redox couple.The PEC solar cell was fabricated by sandwiching an electrolyte film between the ZnTe semiconductor and ITO conducting glass.The area of the solar cell was 2 cm2.The current-voltage characteristics in the dark and under white light illumination have been studied.The short circuit photocurrent density is optimized to 0.95 μA/cm2 for the polymer electrolyte containing of 0.3 wt.% I2 and open circuit voltage is 380 mV.The fill factor and efficiency were calculated to be 0.42 and 0.03% respectively.See Fig.1 and Fig.2.     

基于LabVIEW串口通信的太阳能电池I—V曲线测试系统的设计与应用

采用LabVIEW软件平台搭建一套自动化I-V曲线测试系统,系统的数据采集部分由LabVIEW8．5软件、VISA4．1库、Keithley2000数字源表、低压电源和计算机等软、硬件所组成．对结构为ITO／PEDOT：PSS／P3HT：PCBM／Al的有机太阳能电池进行的I-V曲线测试,开路电压为0．608V,短路电流为8．25mA／cm2,填充因子为0．662,电池的转换效率为3．32％,其结果与CHI660电化学测量系统测量的结果相近,表明此系统具有可靠性、实时胜和准确性等特点．     

双重优化对基于P3HT:PCBM有机太阳能电池效率的提高

有效提高太阳能电池对光的吸收效率是提高太阳能电池能量转换效率的重要因素.在以poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)为电子给体材料,[6,6]-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl eater(PCBM)为电子受体材料的有机太阳能电池中,Poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)与活性层之间插入不同厚度的P3HT层,并在P3HT层最佳厚度的基础上,进一步在活性层中掺杂不同比例的Ag纳米粒子,双重优化了电池器件.当插入45 nm的P3HT层及掺杂质量比为5%的Ag纳米粒子时活性层薄膜的形貌及内部结构得到了改善,电池对光的吸收,及外量子效率得到了显著地提高,并出现红移现象.在25°C,光强为100 mW/cm2的条件下测量其短路电流密度JSC为11.21 mA/cm2,能量转化效率PCE为3.79%.     

基于非富勒烯受体IEICO-4F的倍增型有机光电探测器

以非富勒烯材料O-IDTBR和IEICO-4F为电子受体,采用溶液法制备结构为ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/P3HT∶O-IDTBR/Al和ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/P3HT∶IEICO-4F/Al的2种倍增型有机光电探测器. IEICO-4F器件在波长400 nm和790 nm处的最高外量子效率(EQE)分别达7 220% 和1 610%. 在-15 V偏压下,IEICO-4F器件EQE大于100%的光谱响应范围(300~840 nm)比O-IDTBR器件(320~740 nm)宽120 nm. 与-15 V偏压下的O-IDTBR器件相比,IEICO-4F器件在波长400、510、600、790 nm处的EQE(2 630%、1 220%、1 900%、409%)分别提升1.7、1.2、0.5、24.5倍以上. 此外,IEICO-4F器件在400、510、600、790 nm处的探测灵敏度(4.8×1012、2.8×1012、5.2×1012、1.5×1012 cm·Hz1/2·W-1)分别是O-IDTBR器件的3.2、2.5、1.8、30.6倍. 结果表明:采用吸收与P3HT更互补(带隙更窄)的非富勒烯材料IEICO-4F为电子受体,有利于提升倍增型有机光电探测器的性能(特别是器件对近红外光的响应与探测能力),并拓宽器件的光谱响应范围.     

不同溶剂溶解聚合物光伏特性的研究

采用聚3-己基噻吩（P3HT）溶于不同溶剂作为光敏层制备光伏器件,器件结构为：ITO/PEDOT：PSS/P3HT/Al.我们分析了聚3-己基噻吩（P3HT）溶于不同溶剂制成的光敏层薄膜,并对光敏层薄膜的形貌通过原子力显微镜（AFM）进行了表征.研究发现,P3HT溶于氯苯的薄膜形貌最优,光伏特性最好,短路电流、开路电压都比溶于氯仿和二甲苯的高.     

P_3HT/PCBM基有机太阳能电池性能提高的研究

以P3HT作为电子给体材料,PCBM作为电子受体材料,制成不同厚度活性层的本体异质结有机太阳能电池.从I-V特性曲线分析了厚度对电池性能的影响.制备了添加PEDOTPSS和TiO2作为空穴阻挡层的有机电池,通过分析I-V特性曲线和吸收光谱,找到提高电池性能的方法.     

Flexible organic light-emitting diodes with poly-3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene as transparent anode

The flexible oragnic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricatedon poly-3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT/PSS) coated substrates were demonstrated. How the fabricating processes and the device structure will affect the device performance was studied and the atomic force microscopy was employed to analyze the mophorlogy of the conducting polymer anode. Under optimized conditions, flexible OLEDs with PEDOT anode showed the brightness up to 2760 cd/m² and maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.4%. These data are comparable to those of conventional flexible OLEDs with ITO anode.     

TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>@MgO core-shell film: Fabrication and application to dye-sensitized solar cells

In this study,TiO2@MgO core-shell film was obtained by using a simple chemical bath deposition method to coat a thin MgO film around TiO2 nanoparticles. The core-shell configuration was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD),scanning elec-tron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX),and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Lattice fringes were observed for the TiO2 particles,and the MgO shell showed an amorphous structure,revealing a clear distinction between the core and shell materials. Applying the core-shell film as photoanode to the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs),it shows a superior performance compared to the pure TiO2 electrode. Under the illumination of simulated sunlight (75 mW-cm-2),the short circuit photocurrent (Jsc),the open circuit photovoltage (Voc),and the fill factor (fF) are 8.80 mA-cm-2,646 mV,and 0.69,respectively,and the conversion efficiency (η) in-creased by 21.8% (from 4.32% to 5.26%) when dipping for opti-mum condition.