采油中的润湿热、粘附功和吸附焓变

为了深入了解润湿热、粘附功和吸附焓变在采油中的地位、应用和相互关系,从概念、相互关系和测量方法等方面探讨了3个量的意义,分析了它们在采油中的作用和应用。分析表明,粘附与润湿均与吸附有关,二者关系密切,在采油中起着举足轻重的作用。油在岩石表面的粘附功、润湿热越大,越不容易被驱走;驱油剂在岩石表面的润湿热越大,越有利于自发渗吸,提高洗油效率;驱油剂在岩石表面的吸附焓变越大,吸附能力越强,越有利于改变岩石表面的性质。     

影响驱油剂洗油效率的参数分析

为了评价驱油剂的洗油效率,给出了粘附功因子、界面张力因子和润湿性因子的定义,通过室内实验测定了几种化学驱油剂的接触角、界面张力和粘附功,进而计算出其3个因子值。分析结果表明：驱油剂通过降低界面张力因子和润湿性因子,使粘附功因子大幅度减小;化学剂对润湿性和界面张力的影响不同,可以用界面张力因子和润湿性因子来判断驱油过程中界面张力和润湿性发挥作用的程度,对油湿转向水湿的过程,润湿性因子越小,润湿性改变越大;界面张力因子越小,化学剂对界面张力的影响越大;粘附功决定着驱油剂的洗油效率,粘附功越小,洗油效率越好。     

影响驱油剂洗油效率的参数分析

为了评价驱油剂的洗油效率,给出了粘附功因子、界面张力因子和润湿性因子的定义,通过室内实验测定了几种化学驱油剂的接触角、界面张力和粘附功,进而计算出其3个因子值.分析结果表明驱油剂通过降低界面张力因子和润湿性因子,使粘附功因子大幅度减小;化学剂对润湿性和界面张力的影响不同,可以用界面张力因子和润湿性因子来判断驱油过程中界面张力和润湿性发挥作用的程度,对油湿转向水湿的过程,润湿性因子越小,润湿性改变越大;界面张力因子越小,化学剂对界面张力的影响越大;粘附功决定着驱油剂的洗油效率,粘附功越小,洗油效率越好.     

微生物生长吸附规律及防蜡机理实验研究

用浊度法测定了江苏油田现场所用3株防蜡微生物的生长曲线，用染色、拍照、计数法研究了实验微生物在生长过程中的吸附规律、吸附平衡时间和稀释时的吸附变化规律，用测润湿角方法研究了微生物作用时表面润湿性的变化。结果表明，实验微生物生长时具有明显的延滞期、对数生长期和稳定期，温度升高使延滞时间增长，生长速度加快，而且壁面上的吸附密度与菌浓度不成正比关系，吸附平衡时间为1～1.5h，将菌浓度逐次稀释到10个／mL时，壁面吸附密度仍很高；微生物作用可加速壁面润湿性变化，使油相粘附功大幅减小，从而不利于蜡在管壁上沉积；微生物作用可使蜡组分减少和含量降低。     

原油沥青质吸附与沉积对储层岩石润湿性和渗透率的影响

原油沥青质吸附引起的油藏岩石润湿性改变和沥青质沉积对储层孔喉的堵塞是造成储层损害、导致油井产能下降的重要机理之一。首先，采用改进的自吸速率法和分光光度法，研究了原油沥青质吸附所引起的砂岩岩样润湿指数的变化；然后，利用岩心流动实验方法，定量评价了稠油沥青质沉积对储层岩石渗透率的影响。实验结果表明，岩心润湿指数随沥青质吸附量的增加而减小，从而导致油相的相对渗透率降低。地层水的离子组成是影响水湿性的主要因素之一。地层水所含无机阳离子的化合价价数越高，它与沥青质的协同作用所引起的润湿指数下降的程度越大。储层岩心油相渗透率下降的程度与沥青质沉积量和储层岩心的原始渗透率有关，沉积量越大或原始渗透率越低，则油相渗透率下降幅度越大。因此，对于原油中富含沥青质的油藏，特别是稠油油藏，尽可能抑制沥青质的吸附和沉积是保护储层的一项重要措施。     

吸附树脂对甲苯胺的静态吸附行为及其热力学性质的研究

对比Amberlite XAD-4与两种新型吸附树脂NK和新H对对甲苯胺的静态吸附行为，根据吸附等温线研究并讨论吸附热力学性质。两种新型吸附树脂对对甲苯胺的吸附能力明显强于Amberlite XAD－4，微孔作用机制及表面部分极性起决定作用，吸附焓变△H＜0表明吸附为放热过程，降低温度有利于吸附，对吸附焓变和自由能变的讨论同时表明树脂对对甲苯胺 的吸附为多层物理吸附过程，吸 附熵变△S表明吸附树脂表面的不均匀性和吸附质分子在树脂表面的分布及其局域运动与吸附有密切关系。     

沥青与矿料粘附性的测定方法

探讨采用粘附功试验表征沥青与矿料粘附性的可行性,以润湿-吸附理论为基础,讨论了沥青与矿料的粘附性与粘附力的内在关系;分析了沥青矿料表面润湿性能对界面粘结强度的影响,提出了以粘附功作为沥青与矿料粘附性的表征指标,设计了以沥青表面张力γ以及沥青在矿料表面接触面θ为基本参数的试验方法;最后对微观分析和水煮试验结果进行了比较.结果表明,粘附功试验表征沥青与矿料粘附性是可行的,试验数据精确,可达到0.01×10-3 N/m.     

添加表面活性剂KP法蒸煮液的渗透性能研究

采用不同种类的表面活性剂,加入到KP法蒸煮液中,测定蒸煮液的表面张力、粘度和在载玻片上的接触角,并计算出粘附功降低因子和粘附功,得出表面活性剂对蒸煮液润湿性能的改善效果,再用称重法测定蒸煮液对木片、竹片的渗透能力。结果表明,添加了表面活性剂的蒸煮液,表面张力和在同一表面上的接触角降低,润湿效果改善,粘附功、粘附功降低因子和润湿性因子都减小,对木片、竹片的渗透增重百分比均比未加表面活性剂的蒸煮液高。     

生物表面活性剂驱油性能

利用界面张力、乳化性能、润湿和驱油效率等测试手段研究槐糖脂、鼠李糖脂和脂肽3种类型生物表面活性剂的驱油性能.结果表明:生物表面活性剂油水界面张力为10-1 mN/m数量级,润湿指数为0.36,由于鼠李糖脂和脂肽同时具有较强的降界面张力和润湿反转性能,能大幅降低原油从岩石表面剥离的黏附功(黏附功下降幅度超过99.5％),...     

原油沥青质吸附与沉积对储层岩石润湿性和渗透率的影响

原油沥青质吸附引起的油藏岩石润湿性改变和沥青质沉积对储层孔喉的堵塞是造成储层损害、导致油井产能下降的重要机理之一。首先 ,采用改进的自吸速率法和分光光度法 ,研究了原油沥青质吸附所引起的砂岩岩样润湿指数的变化 ;然后 ,利用岩心流动实验方法 ,定量评价了稠油沥青质沉积对储层岩石渗透率的影响。实验结果表明 ,岩心润湿指数随沥青质吸附量的增加而减小 ,从而导致油相的相对渗透率降低。地层水的离子组成是影响水湿性的主要因素之一。地层水所含无机阳离子的化合价价数越高 ,它与沥青质的协同作用所引起的润湿指数下降的程度越大。储层岩心油相渗透率下降的程度与沥青质沉积量和储层岩心的原始渗透率有关 ,沉积量越大或原始渗透率越低 ,则油相渗透率下降幅度越大。因此 ,对于原油中富含沥青质的油藏 ,特别是稠油油藏 ,尽可能抑制沥青质的吸附和沉积是保护储层的一项重要措施。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.