应用地高辛标记的PCR-ELISA技术快速检测转基因水稻

应用地高辛标记的PcR—ELISA(Dig-PcR—ELISA)技术进行转基因水稻检测研究。针对转基因水稻中普遍存在的花椰菜花叶病毒(CaMV)35S启动子(p35S)、胭脂碱合成酶(NOS)终止子(Thos)，筛选标记潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因(hpt,hph)、β—葡萄糖苷酸酶基因(gus)、抗草丁膦除草剂基因(bar)，建立Dig—PcR—ELISA检测方法；能进行半定量检测，敏感性试验表明，Dig—ELISA检测比常规电泳检测可提高敏感性达1000倍，可检测含量达0．1％的GM0样品。全过程可在24h内完成。     

Physical location of riceGm-6, Pi-5(t) genes inO. officinalis with BAC-FISH

A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure was adopted to physically map two rice BAC clones 24E21 and 4F22 linked to Gm-6 and Pi-5(t) in O. offi-cinalis. FISH results showed that the two BAC clones were located at 4L. The percentage distance from the centromere to the hybridization sites was 72 + 2.62 for 24E21 and 54+ 5.43 for 4F22, the detection rates were 52.70% and 61.2%. The results obtained from the BAC and plasmid clones, RG214 and RZ565 of cultivated rice and O. officinalis were the same. This suggested that the markers, RG214 and RZ565 of cultivated rice and O. officinalis were in the same BAC clones. The homologous sequences of Gm-6 and Pi-5(t) in O. officinalis were positions that signals existed on the 4L. Many signals were observed when no Cot-1 DNA blocked. This also showed that repetitive sequences were some ho-molgous between cultivated rice and O. officinalis. The identification of chromosome 4 of O. officinalis is based on Jena et al. (1994). In our study, we discussed the possibility of physical map in O. officinalis with rice BAC clones.     

胎儿左右大脑差异表达基因片段的克隆

应用抑制性消减杂交（ＳＳＨ）技术从一２４ 周流产男性胎儿的左右大脑ｍ ＲＮＡ 中克隆到了４２ 个左脑特异表达基因的ｃＤＮＡ 片段，并随机挑选１５ 个克隆的测序结果与美国ＮＩＨ 基因库ＥＳＴ进行了同源性分析，同源性范围是６４％ ～１００％ ，其中有５ 个克隆的基因库同源序列与脑有关，其余１０ 个克隆同源于脑以外的其它组织．     

Physical location of the ricePi-5(t), Glh andRTSV genes by ISH of BAC clones

Mapping of low or single-copy sequences on plant chromosomes has proven difficult because of very low frequency of signal detection. Rice BAC library is being used widely in rice genome research due to its distinctive advantages over other library systems. In this study, two biotin-labeled rice BAC clones closely linked to a rice blast resistance, green leafhopper resistance and tungro spherical virus resistance gene,Pi-5(t), Glh, RTSV, werein situ hybridized to rice chromosomes. They were located on the long arm and short arm of chromosome 4 with FL value of 40% and 100% respectively. The frequency of signal detection reached 46.8% and 59.2%. The signal location were consistent with the selective marker on rice saturated molecular map. The results demonstrated the advantages to locate BAC clones to chromosomes byin situ hybridization and will facilitate the rice low or single-copy gene location by using the BAC library. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Doctorate Vesting Point Foundation of the Education Department of the People's Republic of China Yan Huimin: born in 1964, Lecturer     

水稻整体原位杂交实验技术方法的改进

以检测水稻SUPERWOMAN1(SPW1)/OsMADS16基因的表达模式为例,通过对杂交探针的制备、材料的固定及解离通透、显色等方面进行优化,获得背景值低、特异性高的SPW1/OsMADS16基因特异性表达结果.建立一套针对水稻的整体原位杂交技术,方法简单,费用低廉,可在离心管中多种材料同时进行.主要实验步骤包括探...     

杂交型DNA电化学生物传感器研究进展

杂交型DNA电化学生物传感器是一类利用核酸互补配对杂交原理检测和分析特定DNA序列的电化学生物传感器.由于其具有快速简便、选择性好、灵敏度高等优点,在临床医学、遗传工程、环境检测、食品安全监测和生物科学等领域有着重要的应用价值.简述了杂交型DNA电化学生物传感器的一般原理,对共价键结合法、自组装法、生物素-亲和素法、电聚合法以及吸附法等单链DNA的固定方法和DNA杂交信号的直接和间接电化学转换机制的近期研究进展进行了深入探讨,并对其在医疗检测和转基因植物检测等基因检测方面的最新应用和发展趋势进行了论述.     

Identification of genes associated with cotyledon senescence in upland cotton

Leaf senescence in plants is an essential develop- mental phase, and an understanding of senescence is important not only for pure scientific reasons, but also for practical purposes. During the last decade, a number of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) …     

Genomic and genic sequence variation in synthetic hexaploid wheat (AABBDD) as compared to their parental species

In order to understand the genomic changes during evolution of hexaploid wheat, two sets of synthetic hexaploid wheat from hybridization between maternal tetraploid wheat (AABB) and paternal diploid goat grass (DD) were used for DNA-AFLP and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to determine the genomic and genic variation in the synthetic hexaploid wheat. Results indicated that more DNA sequences from paternal diploid species were eliminated in the synthetic hexaploid wheat than from maternal tetraploid wheat, suggesting that genome from parental species of lower ploidity tends to be eliminated preferentially. However, sequence variation detected by SSCP procedure was much lower than those detected by DNA-AFLP, which indicated that much less variation in the genic regions occurred in the synthetic hexaploid wheat, and sequence variations detected by DNA-AFLP could be derived mostly from non-coding regions and repetitive sequences. Our results also indicated that sequence variation in 4 genes can be detected in hybrid F1, which suggested that this type of sequence variation could be resulted from distant hybridization. It was interesting to note that 3 out of the 4 genes were mapped and clustered on the long arm of chromosome 2D, which indicated that variation in genic sequences in synthetic hexaploid wheat might not be a randomized process.     

Analysis of enzymatically amplified beta-globin and HLA-DQ alpha DNA with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes

Allelic sequence variation has been analysed by synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probes which can detect single base substitutions in human genomic DNA. An allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) will only anneal to sequences that match it perfectly, a single mismatch being sufficient to prevent hybridization under appropriate conditions. To improve the sensitivity, specificity and simplicity of this approach, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure to enzymatically amplify a specific segment of the beta-globin or HLA-DQ alpha gene in human genomic DNA before hybridization with ASOs. This in vitro amplification method, which produces a greater than 10(5)-fold increase in the amount of target sequence, permits the analysis of allelic variation with as little as 1 ng of genomic DNA and the use of a simple 'dot blot' for probe hybridization. As a further simplification, PCR amplification has been performed directly on crude cell lysates, eliminating the need for DNA purification.     

Physical location ofHelminthosporium carbonum susceptibility gene hm1 by FISH of a RFLP marker umc119 in Maize

A fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH) procedure was adopted to physically map a RFLP marker, umc119 near the centromere of the long arm of linkage group1 in maize. The hm1 gene (Helminthosporium carbonum susceptibility gene) was linked closely with the marker umc119. RFLP markers are very good landmarks for mapping genes. Therefore, we also determined the position of the gene hm1 on the chromosome based on the physical location of umc119. The disease induced by infection ofHelminthosporium carbonum is one of the serious maize diseases and it distributes in many countries including China. Hybridization sites were showed on 1 L (long arm of chromosome1) and 5 L. The percentage distance from centromere to the hybridization site was 22.86 on 1 L and 58.23 on 5 L the detection rate was about 12% for mitotic cells. In interphase nuclei five hybridized sites were detected. It demonstrated that umc119 was multiplicated sequences. FISH has more advantages overin situ hybridization (ISH) detected by DAB for increasing the detection ratio and contrast between chromosomes and hybridization signals. The ability to detect the hybridization signal of a small low copy DNA sequence is a very important key towards wide application of FISH for plant genome mapping. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation and Doctorate Vesting Point Foundation of the Education Committee of China Li Lijia: born in 1967. Ph. D.     

地中海伞藻叶绿体生物节律基因的分子克隆及限制酶图谱分析

本用分离纯化的地中海伞藻叶绿体ＤＮＡ，以ｐｃｏｓ２ ＥＭＢＬ为载体构建了ｃｏｓｍｉｄ分子克隆库。并用果蝇的与生物节律控制相关的ＤＮＡ顺序为探针，从地中海伞藻叶绿体ｃｏｓｍｉｄ分子克隆库中筛选到一组含有同源顺序的克隆，经印迹杂交和限制酶分析，这些克隆都含有与果蝇生物节律探针强烈同ＤＮＡ顺序，且各克隆的限制酶图谱都相互重叠。这一结果表明，在地中海伞藻叶绿体基因组中可能也存在与果蝇相同或基本相同的与生     

克隆含有MT-Ⅰ和MT-Ⅱ基因的染色体DNA片段及其内切酶图谱的鉴定

用小鼠MT-ⅠcDNA作为探针,从129小鼠的基因组库中获得含MT-Ⅰ基因的DNA片段。从6.8×10⁵的噬菌斑中挑出4个阳性噬菌体克隆,分别命名为1-1, 2-1, 1-6和4-3。在这4个克隆中1-1和2-1的阳性信号更强些。应用插入片段的末端引物作为探针进行杂交结合部分酶切的方法,对这2个克隆的插入片段进行了限制性内切酶酶切图谱分析,确定了克隆1-1和2-1的酶切图谱及MT-Ⅰ基因在2个克隆DNA中的位置。并进一步发现和证明了在2个克隆中含有MT-Ⅱ基因。     

基于RFID供应链的双轨迹克隆检测方法

针对传统基于射频识别技术(radio frequency identification,RFID)的克隆检测方法面对供应链动态变化、标签误读的局限性,提出一种简单、有效的基于轨迹的克隆检测方法.该方法通过在标签中写入验证序列,使得随着标签随产品在供应链中流动,正版标签和克隆标签因验证序列的不断更新而出现不同,而且标签中的验证序列随时间变化会呈现一定的规律,于是形成一条序列轨迹,结合标签事件信息中业务动作的一致性形成2条轨迹,即双轨迹.该方案通过评估2条轨迹的正确性来发现克隆,在评估克隆存在时充分考虑了标签误读、误写、事件丢失以及错误运输.使用Arena对供应链进行建模和仿真.仿真表明,该方案对供应链动态变化具有灵活性,同时在牺牲较小通信量的情况下,有效地提高了检测性能.     

利用乙醇脱氢酶基因证据揭示稻属CCDD异源四倍体中染色体组的起源

对稻属异源四倍体中染色体组C和D以及稻属现存的所有二倍体染色体组A、B、C、E、F的乙醇脱氢酶基因（Adh1）片段分别进行PCR扩增、克隆和序列测定，并以G染色体组序列作为外类群，采用PAUP运算软件中的简约性方法对所测定的序列进行了系统发育分析．结果表明：（1）3个CCDD四倍体是同一次杂交事件的产物；（2）四倍体中的C染色体组和亚洲二倍体中的C染色体组表现出更近的系统发育关系；（3）D染色体组和E染色体组表现出较近的亲缘关系，二者可能有共同的祖先．     

Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA for human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of the CSF family of hormone-like glycoproteins that regulate haematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation, and G-CSF almost exclusively stimulates the colony formation of granulocytes from committed precursor cells in semi-solid agar culture. Recently, Nomura et al. have established a human squamous carcinoma cell line (designated CHU-2) from a human oral cavity tumour which produces large quantities of CSF constitutively, and the CSF produced by CHU-2 cells has been purified to homogeneity from the conditioned medium. We have now determined the partial amino-acid sequence of the purified G-CSF protein, and by using oligonucleotides as probes, have isolated several clones containing G-CSF complementary DNA from the cDNA library prepared with messenger RNA from CHU-2 cells. The complete nucleotide sequences of two of these cDNAs were determined and the expression of the cDNA in monkey COS cells gave rise to a protein showing authentic G-CSF activity. Furthermore, Southern hybridization analysis of DNA from normal leukocytes and CHU-2 cells suggests that the human genome contains only one gene for G-CSF and that some rearrangement has occurred within one of the alleles of the G-CSF gene in CHU-2 cells.     

用抑制差减杂交技术分离烯丙异噻唑诱导水稻特异表达的基因

烯丙异噻唑(PBZ)处理水稻根能使其产生对稻瘟病的系统获得性抗性,因此在东南亚稻区被广泛用于防治稻瘟病,然而关于其作用的分子机理还知之甚少．运用抑制差减杂交技术,试图通过分离鉴定受PBZ诱导调控的关键基因,探索其作用的分子机理．以PBZ处理后的水稻叶片cDNA为目标群体(tester),以未处理水稻叶片cDNA为对照群体(driver),用经过对照cDNA差减的、烯丙异噻唑处理的cDNA群体构建了一个含260个重组子的差减文库．通过差示筛选鉴定出了26个。PBZ诱导水稻特异表达和增强表达的候选克隆．对26个cDNA克隆进行了双向测序和同源性比较,发现其中3个克隆：rJAB1,rTAB2和蛋白磷酸酯酶2Aδ调节亚基同型物基因,位于抗病相关信号转导途径上,它们与哺乳动物和人类免疫途径上的信号因子有明显相似之处,因此推断可能与诱导抗性有关．另外8个克隆与已知基因同源性为70％～99％．经Northern杂交分析,其中rJAB1(编码c-jun激活区结合蛋白1)受烯丙异噻唑和稻瘟菌诱导表达;膜糖蛋白同源基因及肌动蛋白(actin)α1受烯丙异噻唑诱导表达,部分克隆为低丰度转录本．     

鸭跖草Commelina communis中差异表达cDNA 片段的克隆与分析

一种新的基因克隆技术称为抑制消减杂交技术(SSH)用于研究生长于2种生态环境(古铜矿山和正常土壤)中鸭跖草Commelina communis的基因表达差异.分别以Cu矿山鸭跖草作为检测子,非Cu矿山鸭跖草作为驱赶子,建立了生长于Cu矿山生态环境中鸭跖草的差异表达cDNA文库,此cDNA文库代表在Cu矿山鸭跖草中特异表达的cDNA.通过反式Northern杂交筛选出3个阳性克隆进行测序.序列分析表明其中一个cDNA为CaM-1ike基因.进一步对此基因进行Virtual Northern分析,结果初步表明此基因在生长于古铜矿山上的鸭跖草中上调表达.     

基于AST的克隆序列与克隆类识别

为了减少代码冗余,改善程序结构,提出一种新的基于抽象语法的代码克隆识别方法,归纳出常见的代码克隆形式并给出相应的重构技术.用二叉树表示源程序的抽象语法(BAST),逐条判断各语句BAST子树的同构性,识别出相似的语句序列作为克隆序列;根据子树同构识别一元克隆类,然后通过克隆类的连接操作,逐步识别二元及任意元数的克隆类.实验分析了多个开源软件,识别出了其中的克隆序列以及克隆类,从中归纳出4种常见的代码克隆,其基本特征分别为:相同的程序点访问同类对象的不同属性、部分变量名不同、针对不同的数据类型实施相同的操作、修改克隆区域外定义的变量,并对这4种代码有效地实施了重构.     

Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and expression analysis of disease resistance gene homologues in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Resistance-like sequences have been amplified from first strand cDNA and genomic DNA of rice by PCR using oligonucleotide primers designed from sequence motifs conserved between resistance genes of tobacco andArabidopsis thaliana. 3 PCR clones, designatedOsr1, Osr2 andOsr3 which were 98% identical in nucleotide sequence level, have been found to be significantly homologous to known plant resistance genes and all contained the conserved motifs of NBS-LRR type resistance genes, such as P-loop, kinase2a, kinase3a and transmembrane domain.Southern hybridization revealed that rice resistance gene hornologueswere organized as a cluster in the genome. RFLP mapping using a DH population derived from anindica/japonka cross (Zhaiyeqing 8/Jingxi 17) and an RFLP linkage map assigned two copies ofOsrl and one copy ofOsr3 to the distal position of chromosome 12 where a blast resistance QTL has been mapped previously. Northern blot analysis showed thatOsrl gene was constitutively transcribed in rice leaves, shoots and roots. Further study concerning isolation of full-length cDNAs would be conducive to elucidating the functions of these genes.