高压注气过程中沥青质沉淀机理及规律的实验研究

提出了一种新的注气开采过程中沥青质的沉淀机理，该机理可定性解释及预测高压注气过程中沥青质的沉淀规律。在高压沥育质沉淀实验装置上，利用间接测定法测定了CO2注入摩尔分数分别为0．636和0．716时吉林油藏原油中沥青质沉淀量随体系压力的变化规律，并测定了22．2MPa下70℃时江苏原油中沥青质沉淀量随CO2及富烃气注气浓度的变化规律。实验结果表明，在注气过程中两种原油易发生沥育质沉淀。吉林油藏原油中的沥青质沉淀量随体系压力的升高呈先增后降的规律；当体系温度和压力一定时，江苏原油中的沥青质沉淀量先随着CO2注入浓度的增加而增加，达到一最高值后略有降低；对注富烃气而言，沥青质沉淀量随注气浓度增加而增加，且注气摩尔分数大于0.80后增加幅度增大。     

草舍油田CO2驱中沥青质沉淀分析及防治措施

CO2驱油容易引发地层原油中的沥青质沉淀,使渗透率降低、润湿性反转,造成地层伤害,降低注气采油效率。针对草舍油田泰州组油藏CO2驱实际,开展了CO2混相驱过程中沥青质沉淀条件、沉淀机理及其危害的研究,探讨了CO2注入参数与沥青质沉淀的热力学关系,获取了沥青质沉积前缘与注气前缘一致,在注入端、泡点压力附近沥青质沉淀最多,低驱替压差比高驱替压差对应的沥青质沉淀量高的实验结论。利用P-X相图表征第二液相与沥青质沉淀的关系,建立了油气多次接触过程中沥青质沉淀的相态预测模型,指出较低的CO2注入压力和较高的驱替压差或注入芳烃类溶剂有利于减少沥青质在近井地带沉淀,提高CO2驱替增油效果。     

CO2驱油中沥青质沉积条件及对驱油效果影响的研究

在模拟榆树林油田地层条件下,通过高压物性及CO2驱油实验,研究了注CO2后沥青质的沉积条件,并对沥青质沉积对CO2驱油效果的影响进行了分析。结果表明:在地层温度(108℃)下,注气压力达到28.4 MPa时可明显出现沥青质沉积。随着温度增加,形成沥青质沉积的压力增加,沥青质沉积的程度增加;随CO2注入压力的增加,沥青质沉积量增加,原油中的沥青质含量降低,胶质、芳烃、饱和烃含量增加;达到28 MPa后沥青质沉积量逐渐减少,采出油中沥青质含量增加。沥青质沉积使采收率降低12.29%以上,在(25—28)MPa时采收率降低幅度最大。     

油气藏流体-CO2体系相行为的实验测定与计算

利用高压相平衡实验装置 ,对某油田F6 6A井和F30井的原油在油藏温度下注入不同量的CO2 (注入CO2 与油藏流体的摩尔比为 0～ 2 .0 0 )时的PVT关系进行了测定 ,共取得PVT数据点 16 5个 ,泡点压力点和体积系数点各 11个。实验结果表明 ,由于原始油样的组分结构和组成不同 ,其注气体系相行为有较大的不同。F6 6A井油藏原油的饱和 (泡点 )压力随着CO2 注入量的增加近似呈线性增加 ,而F30井的饱和压力和CO2 注入量之间呈二次曲线关系 ,上升速度比F6 6A井缓慢 ,注气体系的体积系数的增加速度与CO2 注入量近似呈直线关系。对油藏流体中各组分进行适当组合合并为假组分后 ,用PR和SRK状态方程对所测注CO2 原油体系的相行为进行了预测。结果表明 ,PR状态方程的预测精度优于SRK方程 ,但两者均不能用于计算高CO2 注入量时油藏流体的相行为     

注CO2油气藏流体体系油/水和油/气界面张力实验研究

采用高压界面张力装置测定了某油田在油藏温度下，原油中不同CO2注入量时油藏流体／地层水的界面张力，并考察了压力的影响。实验发现，随着原油中CO2注入量的增加，油藏流体／地层水界面张力不断减小。相同CO2注入量时，随着压力升高，油藏流体／地层水界面张力增大；当CO2摩尔分数达到0．650时，测得的油藏流体／地层水界面张力随压力的升高已变化很小，同时，从测得的PVT关系中也已很难分辨出泡点压力，体系接近一次接触混相的状态。当CO2摩尔分数为0．578时，油藏流体／CO2界面张力随着压力的升高而降低。研究表明，对某油井采用注CO2降低油藏流体／地层水、油藏流体／CO2间的界面张力的方法是可行的，注CO2方法在降低界面张力的同时，还增加了地层压力，对提高油井的采收率有利。     

致密砂岩油藏CO2驱替沥青质沉积及储层伤害特征

CO2注入原油后产生的沥青质沉积会引发储层伤害并严重影响致密油藏开发效果.以鄂尔多斯盆地HQ油田B153区块为例,通过开展不同注气压力下的岩心驱替在线核磁扫描实验,在排除矿物沉积的影响下,分别从CO2驱替前后沥青质沉积量、渗透率伤害率和孔喉堵塞率三个方面研究沥青质在岩心中的沉积特征,评价不同注气压力下沥青质沉积对储层的伤害程度.结果表明,随着CO2注入压力上升,CO2溶解和抽提萃取能力增强,CO2突破时间延迟,原油采收率大幅度提高.但当注气压力高于最小混相压力(MMP)时,原油采收率增加幅度减小.沥青质沉淀量和渗透率伤害率随注入压力的升高而不断增加,但当驱替方式由近混相(20 MPa)向混相(24 MPa)过渡时,沥青质沉淀量和渗透率伤害率增加幅度最大,且小孔喉(0.68×10-3μm相似文献   

注CO2油气藏流体体系油/水和油/气界面张力实验研究

采用高压界面张力装置测定了某油田在油藏温度下,原油中不同CO2注入量时油藏流体/地层水的界面张力,并考察了压力的影响.实验发现,随着原油中CO2注入量的增加,油藏流体/地层水界面张力不断减小.相同CO2注入量时,随着压力升高,油藏流体/地层水界面张力增大;当CO2摩尔分数达到0.650时,测得的油藏流体/地层水界面张力随压力的升高已变化很小,同时,从测得的PVT关系中也已很难分辨出泡点压力,体系接近一次接触混相的状态.当CO2摩尔分数为0.578时,油藏流体/CO2界面张力随着压力的升高而降低.研究表明,对某油井采用注CO2降低油藏流体/地层水、油藏流体/CO2间的界面张力的方法是可行的,注CO2方法在降低界面张力的同时,还增加了地层压力,对提高油井的采收率有利.     

大芦湖油田樊124断块CO2混相驱过程中沥青质沉淀实验研究

针对胜利油区典型的低渗透油田--大芦湖油田樊124断块的油藏条件,利用SDS固体沉淀实验装置对5种压力下注入CO2过程中沥青质的沉淀情况进行了研究,确定了沥青质沉淀析出的条件及沉淀量,并提出了预防沥青质沉淀的措施.研究结果表明,在樊124断块进行CO2非混相驱,不会产生明显的沥青质沉淀,而在高于26 MPa下进行CO2混相驱时,会产生少量沥青质沉淀,且注入压力越高,沥青质沉淀趋势越强,但由于地层油中原始沥青质含量较低,产生的沥青质沉淀量不大;根据樊124断块油藏流体条件,在较低的压力(＜26 MPa)下进行CO2混相驱或近混相驱,既能获得较高的原油采收率,又能避免或减少沥青质的沉淀.     

大芦湖油田樊124断块CO2混相驱过程中沥青质沉淀实验研究

针对胜利油区典型的低渗透油田——大芦湖油田樊124断块的油藏条件，利用SDS固体沉淀实验装置对5种压力下注入CO2过程中沥青质的沉淀情况进行了研究，确定了沥青质沉淀析出的条件及沉淀量，并提出了预防沥青质沉淀的措施。研究结果表明，在樊124断块进行CO2非混相驱，不会产生明显的沥青质沉淀，而在高于26MPa下进行（硒混相驱时，会产生少量沥青质沉淀，且注入压力越高，沥青质沉淀趋势越强，但由于地层油中原始沥青质含量较低，产生的沥青质沉淀量不大；根据樊124断块油藏流体条件，在较低的压力（〈26MPa）下进行CO2混相驱或近混相驱，既能获得较高的原油采收率，又能避免或减少沥青质的沉淀。     

延长油田特低渗透浅层油藏注CO_2提高采收率技术研究

针对延长油田特低渗透浅层油藏储层物性差、破裂压力低、注水开发效果差等开发难点,为探讨注二氧化碳提高采收率的可行性,利用复配原油通过室内实验研究了地层条件下溶解不同含量CO2对原油高压物性的影响,并通过数值模拟技术对注气量、注入速度、注入方式、段塞大小及气液比等注气参数进行了优化.结果表明:CO2能很好地改善原油性质,CO2溶解能力强,能有效增加地层弹性能量,降低原油黏度;但是注气参数对最终采收率影响较大,气水交替注入方式优于连续注气开发,最优注气量为0.3PV,最佳注气速度为8 103m3/d.采用变气液比的方式开采,可以缩短投资回收期.该研究结果对延长油田特低渗油藏及类似油田的注气高效开发具有一定的指导作用.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.