基于ZnO材料的有机-无机杂化太阳电池的光伏性能优化

有机-无机杂化太阳电池是一种由提供电子的有机聚合物和接受电子的无机半导体构成的新型电池,常用的无机半导体材料有纳米氧化锌（ZnO）、二氧化钛（TiO₂）、硫化镉（CdS）等。杂化太阳电池在研究过程中存在一些问题,如电池中电子传输效率差、太阳能利用率低、无机半导体和有机聚合物之间化学不兼容以及由此导致的光电转换效率低等。围绕这些问题,针对以ZnO半导体材料为电子受体的太阳电池,从电子受体材料形貌、电子给体材料种类以及添加不同修饰层等方面论述了电池光伏性能的优化方法,对该电池的未来发展趋势进行了展望。电池性能的优化,为低成本、高效率应用该类杂化太阳电池带来了希望。     

异质结表/界面修饰对杂化太阳电池性能的优化

为了增进无机半导体和有机聚合物半导体之间的相容性,优化电池的光电性能,基于一维无机TiO2纳米棒有序阵列和有机聚合物PCPDTBT,构建了一种结构为TiO2/PCPDTBT的杂化太阳电池。用一种有机三苯胺类两亲分子来调控此无机、有机材料的两相表/界面性质。采用SEM,TEM,XRD,EDS,UV-vis,PL等方法对杂化膜电极进行表征。电池性能测试表明,表/界面修饰后太阳电池的性能得到提高,电池效率η为0.81%;开路电压衰减测试表明,异质结表/界面经修饰后,杂化太阳电池的电子寿命有所提高。因此,通过异质结表/界面修饰改善活性层的形貌结构对电池性能有重要影响。     

纳米SiO_2/聚合物杂化乳液制备与成膜进展

纳米SiO2/聚合物杂化乳液是重要的有机/无机杂化材料之一,它兼具有机和无机材料的优点。综述了纳米SiO2/聚合物杂化乳液的制备方法,包括共混法、Sol-gel法和原位聚合法。探讨了纳米SiO2/聚合物杂化乳液成膜机理进展。指出纳米SiO2/聚合物杂化乳液是功能涂料的发展方向之一。     

有机无机杂化材料研究进展

有机无机杂化材料是在溶胶凝胶法的基础上发展起来,介于有机聚合物与无机聚合物间的一种新型复合材料.文章论述近年来有机无机杂化材料在光学材料、陶瓷材料、凝胶材料及生物材料方面的研究及应用.有机无机材料制备灵活,便于分子"裁剪",实行分子设计,具有广阔的应用与开发前景.     

β-环糊精聚合物／二氧化钛有机-无机杂化材料的制备及其光催化性能的研究

通过烯丙基-β-CD与丙烯酸 (AA) 的共聚合反应在环糊精聚合物链中引入活性基团羧基,运用溶胶-凝胶法制备了新型的环糊精聚合物P(CD-co-AA)/TiO2有机-无机杂化材料.通过FT-IR表明杂化材料中有机无机两相间存在着化学键;SEM证明有机无机两相高度相容;TGA证明热稳定性能有大大的提高. 通过光催化降解甲基橙实验证实杂化材料P(CD-co-AA)/TiO2的光催化效率是TiO2的2.6倍. 考查了催化剂用量、甲基橙溶液的初始浓度和初始pH值对材料光催化性能的影响. 实验证明当溶液的初始浓度为4 mg/L和初始pH=2及催化剂用量为0.8 g/L时,杂化材料表现出更为优良的光催化性能.     

有机-无机纳米杂化材料P(MMA-BMA)-TiO_2的制备和表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMM A)-聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(PBM A)/T iO2杂化材料,并进行了结构表征和性能研究.以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MM A)为杂化材料的主要成分,引入甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BM A)以改变PMM A/T iO2杂化材料易碎的缺点.实验结果表明:杂化材料中无机相与有机相通过S i-O-T i共价键相连,T iO2的加入增强了聚合物材料的抗紫外性.     

配体导向二价金属-有机配位聚合物：光致发光和不常见的无序

功能性金属-有机配位聚合物是有别于传统无机高分子(如分子筛、石英、半导体单晶硅等)和有机高分子(如橡胶,尼龙,纤维等)的一类基于活性有机配体和金属离子的新型高分子化合物(有机-无机杂化材料,又称杂化高分子),是近十年来材料化学家们高度重视的先进材料,其在分子识别、溶剂吸附、非线性光学、催化、磁性、电导和储氢等方面的应用前景正在逐步被开发出来。与一般的吡啶二羧酸相比,取代型吡啶二羧酸在构筑金属-有机杂化材料方面还没有被很好地开发。笔者的兴趣在于研究配体取代基的电子和空间效应对配位聚合物结构和性能的影响。鉴于4,4'-…     

有机-无机纳米杂化材料P(MMA-BMA)-TiO2的制备和表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）-聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯（PBMA）／TiO2杂化材料，并进行了结构表征和性能研究．以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为杂化材料的主要成分，引入甲基丙烯酸丁酯（BMA）以改变PMMA／TiO2杂化材料易碎的缺点．实验结果表明：杂化材料中无机相与有机相通过Si-O-Ti共价键相连，TiO2的加入增强了聚合物材料的抗紫外性．     

聚合物基有机-无机杂化材料的制备研究

介绍制备聚合物基有机-无机杂化材料的成键方式及制备的主要方法、原理及其特点，包括溶胶．凝胶法、插层复合法、其混法、原位聚合法、纳米微粒原位生成法和微乳液法等，并对有机-无机杂化材料今后的发展作了展望。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备有机/无机杂化材料及其在光固化涂料中的应用

以正硅酸乙酯、3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷为原料,氨水为催化剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米级有机/无机杂化材料。考察了催化剂用量对该纳米杂化材料粒径大小的影响,结果表明,随着催化剂用量的增加,粒径越来越大。将不同量的有机/无机杂化材料加入光固化涂料中制备了杂化涂料,研究了固化膜的形态、力学性能及漆膜的性能。结果表明:杂化材料可以改善UV固化膜的硬度、附着力和抗冲性能。     

TiO2/P3HT复合太阳能电池的制备和性能研究

用简单易行的一步水热法在透明导电玻璃FTO上制备了直径、密度及取向可控的TiO2纳米阵列,FTO同时作为底电极,用旋涂法将有机P型聚合物P3HT复合到阵列表面,磁控溅射制备Pt电极,组装TiO2/P3HT有机无机复合太阳能电池.通过XRD、SEM、紫外-可见光谱仪、I-V/J-V特性曲线等表征TiO2阵列薄膜及器件的结构、形貌和光电特性.研究制备TiO2纳米阵列的水热时间及无水乙醇的量对薄膜质量及复合太阳能电池光电性能的影响.通过优化各项参数,FTO/TiO2/P3HT/Pt简单双层结构的光器件在AM1.5,光强100mW/cm2下开,路电压Voc达到0.50V,光电转换效率IPCE达到0.11%.     

Efficient organic photovoltaic diodes based on doped pentacene

Recent work on solar cells based on interpenetrating polymer networks and solid-state dye-sensitized devices shows that efficient solar-energy conversion is possible using organic materials. Further, it has been demonstrated that the performance of photovoltaic devices based on small molecules can be effectively enhanced by doping the organic material with electron-accepting molecules. But as inorganic solar cells show much higher efficiencies, well above 15 per cent, the practical utility of organic-based cells will require their fabrication by lower-cost techniques, ideally on flexible substrates. Here we demonstrate efficiency enhancement by molecular doping in Schottky-type photovoltaic diodes based on pentacene--an organic semiconductor that has received much attention as a promising material for organic thin-film transistors, but relatively little attention for use in photovoltaic devices. The incorporation of the dopant improves the internal quantum efficiency by more than five orders of magnitude and yields an external energy conversion efficiency as high as 2.4 per cent for a standard solar spectrum. Thin-film devices based on doped pentacene therefore appear promising for the production of efficient 'plastic' solar cells.     

Hybrid solar cells based on poly（3-hexylthiophene） and electrospun TiO2 nanofibers modified with CdS nanoparticles

Organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and electrospun TiO2 nano bers were fabricated by solution process.The ef ciency of the device was improved by modifying CdS nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 by electrochemical method.The CdS layer can lead to the increase of both open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the device,which are attributed to enhanced exciton dissociation and light absorption and suppressed carrier recombination by CdS at the heterojunction.However,too thick CdS layer led to increased series resistance and decreased ef ciency of the device.Therefore,the optimum condition of the CdS deposition was obtained,which increased the power conversion ef ciency of the device for about 50%.Our results indicate that the surface modi cation on the inorganic semiconductor layer is an effect way to improve the performance of the hybrid solar cells.     

有机-无机混合阳离子钙钛矿发光二极管研究进展

 有机-无机杂化钙钛矿具有制备方便、光学带隙可调、电荷传输性能优异等特性,正成为新一代革命性的半导体光电材料。随着研究的不断发展,钙钛矿材料的量子产率已经超过90%。材料合成的快速发展促进了其在光电子器件上的应用,包括太阳能电池、发光二极管、光电探测器和晶体管等。本文回顾了有机-无机混合阳离子钙钛矿发光二极管的最新研究进展,包括材料晶体结构、纳米晶合成过程、器件制备及其光电特性表征。有机-无机混合阳离子为高量子产率钙钛矿纳米晶的合成开辟了一种新的途径,同时也为制备高亮度、高效率发光二极管器件提供了新的思路。     

Inkjet printing of single-crystal films

The use of single crystals has been fundamental to the development of semiconductor microelectronics and solid-state science. Whether based on inorganic or organic materials, the devices that show the highest performance rely on single-crystal interfaces, with their nearly perfect translational symmetry and exceptionally high chemical purity. Attention has recently been focused on developing simple ways of producing electronic devices by means of printing technologies. 'Printed electronics' is being explored for the manufacture of large-area and flexible electronic devices by the patterned application of functional inks containing soluble or dispersed semiconducting materials. However, because of the strong self-organizing tendency of the deposited materials, the production of semiconducting thin films of high crystallinity (indispensable for realizing high carrier mobility) may be incompatible with conventional printing processes. Here we develop a method that combines the technique of antisolvent crystallization with inkjet printing to produce organic semiconducting thin films of high crystallinity. Specifically, we show that mixing fine droplets of an antisolvent and a solution of an active semiconducting component within a confined area on an amorphous substrate can trigger the controlled formation of exceptionally uniform single-crystal or polycrystalline thin films that grow at the liquid-air interfaces. Using this approach, we have printed single crystals of the organic semiconductor 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C(8)-BTBT) (ref. 15), yielding thin-film transistors with average carrier mobilities as high as 16.4?cm(2)?V(-1)?s(-1). This printing technique constitutes a major step towards the use of high-performance single-crystal semiconductor devices for large-area and flexible electronics applications.     

智能遮阳材料的应用性能初探

通过调节水溶性聚合物配比和无机盐配比,可以使智能遮阳材料的转变温度、透光率、转变灵敏度及迟滞性等达到最佳.日间曝晒结果表明,透明状态的智能遮阳材料可使曝晒箱升温30℃,不透明状态的该材料可在同等条件下具有阻止曝晒箱内温度升高9℃左右的遮光效果,有利于缓解夏季的过热现象.该智能遮阳材料可耐1 000次高低温循环,5年以上的自然曝晒,凝固温度低于- 10℃,环境温度高于转变温度时可保持1年以上均匀稳定的白色不透明絮状.     

染料敏化太阳能电池用固态电解质研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池是近十几年来发展起来的新型高效率、低成本电池。电解质是关系到该电池稳定性的重要材料。介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池电解质的分类,讨论了准固态电解质和固态电解质的优缺点及其研究进展。使用传统的液态电解质获得的光电转换效率较高,但稳定性受到一定的影响,使用准固态电解质和固态电解质制备的染料敏化太阳能电池,稳定性有了较大的提高。重点讨论了准固态电解质以及无机p型半导体材料、有机p型半导体材料和导电高聚物等几种主要的固态电解质的特点和相应的电池稳定性。     

Hexagonal nanoporous germanium through surfactant-driven self-assembly of Zintl clusters

Surfactant templating is a method that has successfully been used to produce nanoporous inorganic structures from a wide range of oxide-based material. Co-assembly of inorganic precursor molecules with amphiphilic organic molecules is followed first by inorganic condensation to produce rigid amorphous frameworks and then, by template removal, to produce mesoporous solids. A range of periodic surfactant/semiconductor and surfactant/metal composites have also been produced by similar methods, but for virtually all the non-oxide semiconducting phases, the surfactant unfortunately cannot be removed to generate porous materials. Here we show that it is possible to use surfactant-driven self-organization of soluble Zintl clusters to produce periodic, nanoporous versions of classic semiconductors such as amorphous Ge or Ge/Si alloys. Specifically, we use derivatives of the anionic Ge9(4-) cluster, a compound whose use in the synthesis of nanoscale materials is established. Moreover, because of the small size, high surface area, and flexible chemistry of these materials, we can tune optical properties in these nanoporous semiconductors through quantum confinement, by adsorption of surface species, or by altering the elemental composition of the inorganic framework. Because the semiconductor surface is exposed and accessible in these materials, they have the potential to interact with a range of species in ways that could eventually lead to new types of sensors or other novel nanostructured devices.     

Progress in polymer solar cell

This review outlines current progresses in polymer solar cell. Compared to traditional silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) technology, the completely different principle of optoelectric response in the polymer cell results in a novel configuration of the device and more complicated photovoltaic generation proc-ess. The conception of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) is introduced and its advantage in terms of mor-phology is addressed. The main aspects including the morphology of photoactive layer, which limit the efficiency and stability of polymer solar cell, are discussed in detail. The solutions to boosting up both the efficiency and stability (lifetime) of the polymer solar cell are highlighted at the end of this review.