UV固化有机硅/SiO2杂化涂料的制备及性能

以正硅酸乙酯和常用的有机硅为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了可紫外光(UV)固化的有机硅/SiO2杂化涂料.研究了有机硅用量对杂化漆膜性能的影响,并用FTIR和固体29Si-NMR对杂化涂料进行了表征,测定了UV固化C C的转化率和硅氧烷的缩聚度.结果表明:杂化涂料的有机与无机网络间以共价键的方式结合,在UV固化240 s时双键转化率可达81.0%,硅氧烷的平均缩聚度为89.5%;由于采用了改进的溶胶-凝胶法,在高度交联的SiO2网络结构中引入线性Si O Si链段,使得漆膜既有高硬度又有良好的柔韧性,当TEOS/MPTMS/DDS摩尔比为6∶2∶3时膜的综合性能最佳.     

β-环糊精聚合物／二氧化钛有机-无机杂化材料的制备及其光催化性能的研究

通过烯丙基-β-CD与丙烯酸 (AA) 的共聚合反应在环糊精聚合物链中引入活性基团羧基,运用溶胶-凝胶法制备了新型的环糊精聚合物P(CD-co-AA)/TiO2有机-无机杂化材料.通过FT-IR表明杂化材料中有机无机两相间存在着化学键;SEM证明有机无机两相高度相容;TGA证明热稳定性能有大大的提高. 通过光催化降解甲基橙实验证实杂化材料P(CD-co-AA)/TiO2的光催化效率是TiO2的2.6倍. 考查了催化剂用量、甲基橙溶液的初始浓度和初始pH值对材料光催化性能的影响. 实验证明当溶液的初始浓度为4 mg/L和初始pH=2及催化剂用量为0.8 g/L时,杂化材料表现出更为优良的光催化性能.     

纳米SiO_2/聚合物杂化乳液制备与成膜进展

纳米SiO2/聚合物杂化乳液是重要的有机/无机杂化材料之一,它兼具有机和无机材料的优点。综述了纳米SiO2/聚合物杂化乳液的制备方法,包括共混法、Sol-gel法和原位聚合法。探讨了纳米SiO2/聚合物杂化乳液成膜机理进展。指出纳米SiO2/聚合物杂化乳液是功能涂料的发展方向之一。     

紫外光固化纳米溶胶／聚氨酯丙烯酸酯杂化材料的制备与性能

以 γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷为原料,采用溶胶－凝胶法合成了可紫外光固化的纳米溶胶,采用红外光谱（FT-IR）、核磁共振（NMR）和透射电镜（SEM）对其结构、粒径大小和分布进行了分析表征。采用聚酯多元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEA）为原料,合成了聚氨酯丙烯酸酯。利用合成的可紫外光固化的纳米溶胶和聚氨酯丙烯酸酯制备了紫外光固化有机/无机纳米杂化材料,对纳米杂化材料的力学性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,随着纳米溶胶含量的增加,杂化材料的力学性能、附着力等均得到了提高,当纳米溶胶质量分数达到20%时,涂膜硬度可增至3H,纳米溶胶质量分数为10%时涂膜的附着力即可达到最高的0级;纳米粒子在有机相中分散良好。     

有机-无机纳米杂化材料在荧光、光声和拉曼生物成像领域的最新研究进展(英文)

有机-无机纳米杂化材料是一类重要的功能材料,能够在纳米尺度范围内实现有机材料和无机材料本质的复合,可以获得传统材料所不具有的结构、相态、性能和功能,广泛应用于光电、催化、生物医学等领域.本文着重总结了几类有机-无机纳米杂化材料的制备以及它们在荧光、光声和拉曼生物成像领域的最新研究进展,并对该领域将来的发展方向进行了讨论.     

CdTe/聚乳酸纳米杂化材料的制备及其荧光性能

以十二烷基胺(DDA)为表面修饰剂,将巯基水相法合成的CdTe纳米晶转移至有机溶剂三氯甲烷中,然后采用“物理共混法”实现了CdTe/聚乳酸(CdTe/PLA)纳米杂化材料及其透明荧光膜的制备.通过紫外-可见光谱仪(UV -vis)、荧光(PL)、紫外透射反射分析仪等表征方法考察相转移前后CdTe纳米晶的光学性能,并系统研究了CdTe/PLA纳米杂化材料的荧光性能.结果表明:相转移后CdTe纳米晶的粒径未发生明显变化,其量子产率却提高了;所制备的CdTe/PLA纳米杂化材料具有优越的荧光性能,CdTe纳米晶在聚合物中仍然保持良好的分散性和较好的量子尺寸效应.     

PVA/TEOS/GA杂化膜的制备及溶胀吸附性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)制备了PVA/TEOS/GA有机/无机杂化膜,比较杂化膜在3种不同温度下在乙醇/水全浓度范围的溶胀性能,分析无机相和交联剂对PVA膜溶胀性能的影响.比较不同溶胶-凝胶反应条件及不同热处理条件对膜溶胀度和溶解选择性的影响.用FTIR和XRD对杂化膜结构进行分析表征.结果表明PVA与无机相(TEOS)发生溶胶-凝胶反应生成氢键和共价键Si-O-Si,形成交联有机聚合物/无机杂化体系,使杂化膜的结晶度减少,控制了膜的溶胀,提高膜的溶解选择性能,但膜的溶胀减少会使通量有所下降.加入GA后,使PVA杂化膜溶胀度和溶解选择性都有所提高,表明PVA杂化有利于控制膜在乙醇/水溶液中的溶胀,从而提高膜的分离性能.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备HEC/SiO2杂化材料的工艺研究

以羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶技术合成了HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料.通过探讨水硅比、HEC含量、溶剂量、干燥控制化学添加剂用量、温度等工艺因素对凝胶化过程,特别是材料干燥体积收缩的影响,得出在本实验条件下合成HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料的优化工艺条件.利用红外吸收光谱、紫外-可见光透射光谱以及扫描电子显微镜等测试手段对合成的HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料进行表征.结果表明,HEC作为有机分散相已经均匀地分散到SiO2基相中,制备的HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料透明,无分相,并可能形成了新的化学键.     

金属银负载型SiO_2杂化膜的制备与性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备银掺杂的SiO2杂化溶胶和SiO2杂化膜,考察银的掺杂对杂化溶胶的性能和对杂化膜物理化学结构及水汽稳定性的影响.结果表明:随着银含量的增加,溶胶的黏度、粒径增大,凝胶时间缩短;银在杂化膜中以纳米金属银的形式存在,金属银的掺杂对杂化材料的化学结构基本无影响,但使杂化膜的平均颗粒粒径、孔径和总孔体积略微增加;在水汽环境中陈化后,载银SiO2杂化膜的H2渗透速率略有下降,而H2/CO2分离因子小幅升高;金属银的掺杂增强了SiO2膜的水汽稳定性,实现了杂化膜中H2渗透速率和H2/CO2分离因子的同时增大.     

环氧/聚有机硅倍半氧烷杂化材料的制备及性能

为改进目前环氧LED封装材料柔性差、有机硅改性环氧树脂需要高温固化等缺点,采用紫外(UV)固化技术,将环氧树脂与含环氧基团聚有机硅倍半氧烷交联杂化,制备了环氧/聚有机硅倍半氧烷杂化膜材料,并通过13 C-NMR、29 Si-NMR、SEM、FTIR、TGA和UV-vis等研究了UV固化对环氧/聚有机硅倍半氧烷杂化膜材料的结构及性能的影响。结果表明,聚有机硅倍半氧烷与环氧树脂在紫外固化过程中,快速原位杂化形成环氧/聚有机硅倍半氧烷杂化膜材料,没有相分离,获得的环氧/聚有机硅倍半氧烷杂化膜材料具有透过率高、耐高温、耐紫外、附着力好等特点,可用于LED封装材料、电子封装材料等光电领域。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the