高温超导涂层导体的最近进展和新兴技术（英文）

YBCO涂层导体比其他实用超导材料具有巨大的优势和发展前景,近年来激发了世界范围的研究热潮和该领域技术的快速进步.首先对YBCO涂层导体的典型结构和规模制备的两种技术路线进行简要介绍,其次介绍世界各地YBCO涂层导体研发的当前状态和发展,包括当前主流研究机构和他们采用的技术路线情况.更多关注我国在简化缓冲层结构和减少低成本、化学溶液法的热解时间等方面的努力和代表性工作.还将介绍为提高YBCO涂层导体的在场特性而发展起来的人工磁通钉扎方法,包括通过纳米颗粒而优化磁通钉扎的情况.最后我们对涂层导体和其他超导材料的电力应用进行举例说明,如:电力电缆、发电机、变压器、强磁体等示范案例概述.     

Y-211与Y2O3掺杂的熔融织构YBCO的超导钉扎效应及微结构研究

采用顶部籽晶熔融织构法,结合Y_2O_3和Y-211掺杂制备了高质量的准单畴YBCO块材.Jc测量结果表明,对于Y_2O_3掺杂的YBCO块材,其临界电流密度Jc在10K温度和0.6T磁场下达到1.60×10~6A/cm~2,用合作钉扎理论可推得,其在70K温度和2T磁场下为1.24×10~4/cm~2。扫描电镜观察结果表明,掺杂Y_2O_3所形成的Y-211粒子是柱状的,而掺杂Y-211在母体材料中是球形的,其尺寸接近纳米粒子。掺杂Y_20_3比Y-211更能增强磁通钉扎效应并有效地改善样品的生长状况。Y-211粒子与超导母体材料之间的界面对磁通钉扎起主要作用,Y-211粒子作为强钉扎中心属于界面钉扎。     

二维Josephson结阵列的钉扎及棘轮效应

利用电阻分流结动力学数值模拟了二维Josephson结阵列在六角点阵钉扎下系统的磁通分布,通过测量钉扎强度-电压关系,得到该超导系统的电阻随着钉扎强度增加而减小的规律.同时进一步研究了三角状的非对称钉扎势所产生的棘轮效应.     

高温超导材料研究进展

超导技术是当下的高新技术之一，对于超导材料的研究一直处于现在进行时.临界温度下的超导材料表现出优异的零电阻特性，能量损耗相对于常规导电材料大幅降低，具有非常高的应用价值.以超导材料发展的时间线为线索，回顾高温超导材料的研究历程.在综合整理国内外研究论文的基础上详细阐述BSCCO、YBCO、铁基超导、MgB₂、有机超导体的发展历程、发展现状以及各自特性，并展望超导材料的发展前景.     

超导磁浮交通研究进展

超导磁浮交通具有无接触摩擦磨损、运行速度高、环境友好、安全可靠等优点,是先进轨道交通技术的典型代表。基于钉扎效应的高温超导磁浮列车与以超导磁体作为车载动子的电动磁浮列车是超导磁浮交通的主要形式.文中分别详细介绍了高温超导磁浮列车与电动磁浮列车各自结构原理及发展历程,并总结了这两种典型超导磁浮交通形式的主要优缺点.目前超导磁浮交通总体朝向"高速"方向发展,结合真空管道的高温超导磁浮以及利用高温超导磁体取代低温超导磁体的电动磁浮将是未来高速交通的主要选择.     

YBCO超导块材超导性能高温失超及恢复

研究了经过高温热处理而失去超导电性的YBCO(Y-Ba-Cu-O)超导块材经过后氧化热处理恢复其超导性能的可行性,为YBCO超导块材的连接奠定基础。对原始YBCO块材、热处理后YBCO块材及后氧化热处理YBCO(块材和粉末)的超导性能、微观组织及物相变化进行了分析。结果表明:采用常规顶部籽晶熔融织构生长法制备的YBCO块材经过高温热处理后会完全失去超导性;经过后氧化热处理后,其超导性能得到恢复。高温热处理并未改变块材的织构特征,而其晶体结构由正交结构转变成四方结构,从而失去超导性能;经过后氧化热处理,其晶体结构又由四方结构转变为正交结构,完全恢复了超导性能。     

YBCO/LAO和YBCO/MgO超导薄膜的微波性质

利用微带谐振技术研究了YBa2Cu3O7/LaAlO3 (YBCO/LAO)和YBa2Cu3O7/MgO (YBCO/MgO)超导薄膜的微波响应.通过测量微带谐振器的共振频率、有载品质因数、插入损耗与温度之间的依赖关系,分析了超导薄膜的微波特性,获得了超导薄膜在绝对零度时的穿透深度λ0.对于YBCO/LAO,λ0=265nm;对于YBCO/MgO,λ0=280nm.本文还利用微带谐振器研究了YBCO/LAO和YBCO/MgO超导薄膜的微波表面电阻.     

高温超导定子无铁芯感应电机电磁特性分析

近年来,世界各国对于超导技术纷纷投入巨资加紧研究与开发,抢占技术制高点,不断推动超导技术产生新的飞跃,超导技术的应用步伐也迅速加快.将高温超导技术与电机结合研制的超导电机具有明显的优势,但是超导电机若采用传统电机的铁芯结构,超导材料性能将受铁芯磁通饱和的制约.本文利用有限元分析方法对一台初步设计的定子无铁芯高温超导感应电机的电磁特性进行了仿真分析.     

矩形高温超导厚板在指数模型下的应力分布

基于指数模型,研究了长矩形高温超导体厚板内磁通钉扎导致的应力分布,并与其他临界态模型做了对比.假定超导板为完全弹性体,利用平面应变方法和麦克斯韦方程,推导出电磁力作用下超导体内的应力分布表达式,根据ZFC和FC两个磁化过程中降场阶段的磁通密度分布,得出了应力分布情况在不同临界态模型下的差异和P值对应力分布的影响.结果表明:指数模型在ZFC过程中BaB~*阶段应力随递增的外磁场先增大后减小,与其他两个模型都有所不同.P值较小时(P=0.1)各模型相似度较高,但随着P值增大,指数模型中P=1.5时的情况与Kim模型中P=10的情况相似,P值的改变将影响应力分布.     

YBCO掺杂效应研究

介绍了YBCO掺杂的基础知识,总结了YBCO各个位置采用典型元素掺杂而导致的超导电性和结构的变化,阐述了掺杂对YBCO的重要影响,并简介了当前YBCO掺杂效应研究中的几个热点问题.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.