构树叶制备介孔TiO2/SiO2复合材料的光催化性能及其动力学研究

以构树叶为生物模板和硅源,以钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为前驱体,采用浸渍法制备了不同质量分数(w(TiO₂)=0、2.6%、4.0%、5.5%、7.0%和8.6%)的TiO₂/SiO₂复合材料.采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、XPS、TEM、BET、XRF、UV-Vis DRS等对复合材料进行了表征.结果表明,TiO₂/SiO₂复合材料主要由锐钛矿相TiO₂组成,形成了平均粒径为500 nm的纳米球.该材料具有典型的介孔结构,平均孔径为7.2 nm,比表面积为50.42 m~2/g.以罗丹明B作为模型,在紫外光照射下进行光催化降解实验来评价不同材料的光催化活性及进行动力学研究.实验结果表明,与w(TiO₂)=0催化剂相比,改变TiO₂质量分数所制备的TiO₂/SiO₂材料均表现出较强的光催化活性,其中掺杂w(TiO₂)=5.5%的催化剂具有最优的催化性能...     

过渡金属掺杂TiO2纳米片的制备及其增强光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为反应物前驱体,采用溶剂热法制备了一系列过渡金属(TM=Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)掺杂TiO₂(TM-TiO₂)纳米片状结构光催化材料.利用XRD,TEM,UV-Vis DRS,XPS等手段表征了材料的结构、形貌及光学特性.通过罗丹明B(RhB)降解实验测试了上述材料的光催化活性并讨论了光催化作用机理.实验结果表明：与纯TiO₂相比,TM-TiO₂的光催化活性明显增强,不同的TM掺杂浓度对TM-TiO₂光催化性能的影响存在一定的差异,其中Cu-TiO₂表现出相较于其他4种过渡金属离子掺杂TiO₂更优的光催化性能.TM-TiO₂光催化性能的提高得益于离子掺杂在TiO₂晶格中引起的局部晶格畸变增强了TiO₂的光吸收能力,同时有效促进了光生电子与空穴的分离.     

铁掺杂TiO2纳米粒子光催化氧化庚烯的研究

采用新的合成路线制得掺铁TiO₂纳米粒子, 通过光催化降解庚烯研究其气固复相光催化性能, 用XRD, UV-vis和XPS等方法研究了掺铁TiO₂纳米粒子的晶体结构、 光吸收特性及表面化学形态. TiO₂纳米粒子掺杂Fe³⁺后, TiO₂的光吸收阈值发生红移, 向可见光区拓展; Fe³⁺掺杂浓度和焙烧温度对掺铁TiO₂纳米粒子的气 固复相光催化降解活性有很大影响, 实验结果表明, 掺铁量为0.5%(摩尔分数), 焙 烧温度300 ℃时光催化降解活性最好.     

钴掺杂纳米TiO2的光电催化活性研究

通过水热法制备Co掺杂纳米TiO₂,采用SEM、粒径分布仪、XRD、XPS、BET等对钴掺杂纳米TiO₂样品进行了表征。在电化学工作站上,以压片法制备的光催化剂为阳极,石墨片为阴极,在低功率的紫外灯和可见光灯下通以1.5 V恒电压光电降解罗丹明B 90 min,研究了不同物质的量比的Co-TiO₂的光电催化活性。通过实验研究发现：样品0.5% Co-TiO₂在紫外灯照射下的降解率最高,为77.25%,比纯TiO₂的降解率高12.53%;样品0.5% Co-TiO₂在可见光照射下的降解率达52.22%,比无光照时的降解率高17.15%。以上研究结果表明以压片法制备的催化剂阳极可较大程度地提高光催化降解效率,且稳定性较高,具有很好的发展前景。     

铬掺杂纳米二氧化钛乳液的制备及其光催化性能

以四氯化钛(TiCl₄)、硝酸铬(Cr(NO₃)₃·6H₂O)、D-山梨糖醇、有机羧酸等为主要原材料,采用新技术——络合-控制水解法,在室温下合成铬(Cr)掺杂纳米TiO₂无色透明乳液.分别用XRD、纳米激光粒度分析仪、和紫外-可见分光光度仪等,对样品的物相、粒径、组成、光吸收、光催化等性质进行了表征.结果显示,当Cr的掺杂物质的量比为0.5%,回流时间为15 min,pH为6时,所得样品Cr掺杂纳米TiO₂无色透明乳液的光催化性能最好;在光照50 min后,其对酸性红3R的降解率最大达96%.     

可见光响应的Ag3VO4/TiO2制备及其催化活性的研究

采用微波辅助溶胶-凝胶方法制备了对可见光响应的Ag₃VO₄/TiO₂纳米光催化剂,并对制备的样品进行XRD、UV-Vis DRS、N₂吸附-脱附、SEM等表征。结果表明,Ag₃VO₄掺杂量的不同,对光催化降解效果有不同的影响。Ag₃VO₄掺杂量为1 %时,Ag₃VO₄/TiO₂复合光催化剂具有较强的催化性能,而随着Ag₃VO₄掺杂量的增加,催化剂的活性逐渐降低。用500 ℃煅烧的掺杂量为1 %的Ag₃VO₄/TiO₂复合光催化剂降解罗丹明B,4 h后降解率可以达到80 %。     

纳米TiO2光催化降解乙酸

以廉价无机盐为原料, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO₂光催化剂, 研究其对乙酸的光催化降解过程. 考察了TiO₂光催化剂处理温度、 用量、 反应液pH值、 污染物初始浓度、 共存离子等因素对光催化降解乙酸的影响, 获得了较好的光催化效果.     

TiO2纳米纤维的制备及其对刚果红的光催化降解性能

以TiO₂粉体为前驱体,用水热法制备了TiO₂纳米纤维,用扫描电镜、x-衍射和红外光谱对产物进行了表征,考查了合成产物对刚果红溶液的光催化降解性能.结果表明：合成产物属锐钛矿相TiO₂,产物结晶完好;TiO₂粉体和纤维对刚果红水溶液的降解率分别为89.1%和97.4%.     

Nd掺杂与人造沸石载体对TiO_2光催化活性的影响

以具有规则多孔结构的人造沸石为载体,以Nd(NO3)3和Ti(OBu)4为前驱体制备钕离子掺杂TiO2光催化剂.在紫外光的照射下,以甲基橙为光催化降解反应模型化合物,研究了TiO2、Nd-TiO2、TiO2/沸石、Nd-TiO2/沸石光催化剂的活性.通过FT-IR的表征,探讨了Nd和沸石对TiO2的光催化活性的影响.实验结果表明:掺杂钕离子能提高TiO2的光催化活性,催化剂用量为2 g/L,掺杂量为1.0%时,光催化活性最高;用人造沸石为载体所制得的TiO2光催化剂对甲基橙也具有较好的光催化降解效果.     

宽光谱响应的介孔rGO/TiO2空心块体制备及光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯(TBT)、氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,酵母菌为空腔模板剂,柠檬酸为水解抑制剂和介孔模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法原位合成介孔GO/TiO₂空心块体材料(GO/TiO₂),通过紫外灯辐照还原得到rGO/TiO₂.利用XRD、SEM、BET、PL表征手段对样品进行分析,研究酵母菌的引入对rGO/TiO₂降解盐酸四环素性能的影响.结果表明:样品为介孔空心块体结构,其比表面积为50.66 m²/g,以4.3 nm的介孔为主;酵母菌的加入可抑制催化剂光生电子-空穴对的复合,并拓宽其光谱响应范围,提高光催化性能;当酵母菌质量分数为5%时,rGO/TiO₂的催化性能达到最佳水平,在可见光及紫外光条件下,盐酸四环素的降解率分别达到84.97%、96.96%.     

LaVO4/TiO2在分解甲基橙中的光催化性能研究

光催化剂TiO₂在污水有机物降解中有着巨大优势,但由于对光的利用率过低,需要在TiO₂的基础上进行掺杂来改善其光催化性能。本研究利用稀土镧元素对TiO₂进行了掺杂分别制备了LaVO₄/TiO₂和La(NO₃)₃/TiO₂复合光催化剂,并将它们应用于甲基橙的光催化降解反应,证实了LaVO₄对TiO₂的光催化效果有较明显的增强作用。另外还研究了不同pH条件制备和不同掺杂比例的LaVO₄/TiO₂光催化效果,pH在10.56左右制备出的LaVO₄和掺杂比例为5%的LaVO₄制得的LaVO₄/TiO₂复合光催化剂效果较好。     

铕掺杂TiO2粉末的制备及其可见光光催化性能研究

以钛酸四正丁酯为原料,采用水热法制备铕掺杂TiO2粉末,对铕掺杂TiO2粉末的可见光光催化性能进行研究,并通过XRD、SEM分析对其进行表征。结果表明,铕掺杂TiO2粉末没有改变晶相结构,铕掺杂后使TiO2粉末由不规则形状转变为实心球状,且提高了TiO2粉末的光催化性能。模拟太阳光实验发现,铕掺杂TiO2粉末可明显提高其可见光光催化的降解能力,当辐照度为500W/m2、时间为240min时,其降解率达到78%。     

Multi-color long-lasting phosphorescence of rare earth ions in CdSiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> matrix

A series of rare earth ions doped CdSiO3:RE^3 (RE=Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho,Er, Tin, Yb, Lu) multi-color long-lasting phosphorescence phosphors are prepared by the conventional hightemperature solid-state method. The results of XRD measurement indicate that the products fired under 1050~C for 3h have a good crystallization without any detectable amount of impurity phase. Rare earth ions doped CdSiO3 phosphors possess excellent Inmiuescence properties. When rare earth ions such as Y^3 , La^3 , Gd^3 , Lu^3 , Ce^3 , Nd^3 , Ho^3 , Er^3 ,Tm^3 and Yb^3 are introduced into the CdSiO3 host, one broadband centered at about 420 nm resulting from traps can be observed. In the case of other earth ions such as Pr^3 ,Sm^3 , Eu^3 , Tb^3 and Dy^3 , their characteristic line emitting as well as the -420 nm broadband luminescence can be obtained. The mixture of their characteristic line emitting with the -420 nm broadband Inminescence results in various afterglow color.     

Application of upconversion luminescence in dye-sensitized solar cells

An upconversion luminescence powder TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) is prepared by a hydrothermal method and used to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).The TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) powder undergoes upconversion luminescence,converting infrared light which the dye can not absorb into visible light with wavelengths of 510-700 nm which the dye can absorb,increasing the photocurrent of the DSSC.TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) also acts as a p-type dopant,heightening the Fermi level of the oxide film,which increases the photovoltage of the DSSC.The best performance of the DSSC is found when the ratio of TiO2/luminescence powder is 1/3 in the luminescence layer.Under simulated solar irradiation of 100 mW cm-2 (AM 1.5),the DSSC containing TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) doping achieves a light-to-electricity energy conversion efficiency of 7.28% compared with 6.41% for the undoped DSSC.     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped TiO2/SiO2

Cu²⁺-doped nanostructured TiO₂-coated SiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂) particles were prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly technique and their photocatalytic property was studied. TiO₂ colloids were synthesized by the sol-gel method using TiOSO₄ as a precursor. The experimental results showed that TiO₂ nanopowders on the surface of SiO₂ particles were well distributed and compact. The amount of TiO₂ increased with the increase in coating layers. The shell structure appeared to be composed of anatase titania nanocrystals at 550°C. The 2-layer coated TiO₂ particles on the surface showed a higher degradation rate compared with all the different-layer samples. The photocatalytic activity of Cu²⁺-doped TiO₂/SiO₂ was higher than that of undoped TiO₂/SiO₂. The optimum dopant content was about 0.10wt%.     

Fe3+,Ce3+共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

 以溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe³⁺,Ce³⁺共掺杂的纳米TiO₂光催化剂.研究了不同的三价铁、三价铈掺杂量及烧结温度对日光灯照射下TiO₂光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响.结果表明,Fe³⁺,Ce³⁺共掺杂能抑制TiO₂晶粒的生长,并使TiO₂的吸收带边明显红移约100nm;在普通日光灯下,共掺杂样品光催化效果优于单掺样品,Fe³⁺和Ce³⁺共掺杂对提高TiO₂在可见光下的催化活性具有协同效应,最佳掺杂量物质的量比为n(Fe³⁺):n(Ce³⁺):n(TiO₂)=0.005:0.015:1,最佳烧结温度为650℃.     

Preparation of Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode and its application in pentachlorophenol photoelectrocatalytic degradation

Zn-doped titanium oxide （TiO2） nanotubes electrode was prepared on a titanium plate by direct anodic oxidation and immersing method in sequence. Field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） showed that the Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes were well aligned and organized into high density uniform arrays with diameter ranging from 50 to 90 nm. The length and the thickness were about 200 and 15 nm respectively. TiO2 anatase phase was identified by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy （XPS） indicated that Zn ions were mainly located on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes in form of ZnO clusters. Compared with TiO2 nanotubes electrode, about 20 nm red shift in the spectrum of UV-vis absorption was observed. The degradation of pentachlorophenol （PCP） in aqueous solution under the same condition （initial concentration of PCP： 20 mg/L; concentration of Na2SO4：0.01 mol/L and pH： 7.03） was carried out using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode and TiO2 nanotubes electrode. The degradation rates of PCP using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode were found to be twice and 5.8 times as high as that using TiO2 nanotubes electrode by UV radiation （400 μw/cm^2） and visible light radiation （4500 μw/cm^2）, respectively. 73.5% of PCP was removed using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode against 45.5% removed using TiO2 nanotubes electrode in 120 min under UV radiation. While under visible light radiation, the degradation efficiency of PCP was 18.4% using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode against 3.2% using TiO2 nanotubes electrode in 120 min. The optimum concentration of Zn doping was found to be 0.909%. The PCP degradation efficiencies of the 10 repeated experiments by Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode were rather stable with the deviation within 3.0%.     

TiO2光催化法去除饮用水中的有机卤代物

利用自制 TiO₂光催化剂, 对饮用水中常见的氯消毒副产物三氯甲烷等有机卤代物进行了光催化去除研究, 实验表明,对于三氯甲烷浓度为 100
g/ L的 50 ml 废水,当催化剂的用量为 0. 4 g, 光照时间 3. 0 h,溶液中 H+的浓度为 1*10^-9mol/ L时, 三氯甲烷的光催化去除率达 95. 0%以上.同时对光催化去除三氯甲烷的机理进行了探讨,证明了三氯甲烷的TiO₂光催化去除反应遵循一级反应速率公式: ln C= - 0. 75 t+ 4. 30.     

A review of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles

Climate change and the consumption of non-renewable resources are considered as the greatest problems facing humankind.Because of this,photocatalysis research has been rapidly expanding.TiO2 nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for photocatalytic applications including the decomposition of organic compounds and production of H2 as a fuel using solar energy. This article reviews the structure and electronic properties of TiO2,compares TiO2 with other common semiconductors used for photocatalytic applications and clarifies the advantages of using TiO2 nanoparticles.TiO2 is considered close to an ideal semi- conductor for photocatalysis but possesses certain limitations such as poor absorption of visible radiation and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs.In this review article,various methods used to enhance the photocatalytic characteristics of TiO2 including dye sensitization,doping,coupling and capping are discussed.Environmental and energy applications of TiO2, including photocatalytic treatment of wastewater,pesticide degradation and water splitting to produce hydrogen have been summarized.     

Structure and photocatalytic properties of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Graphene Oxide intercalated composite

TiO2-Graphene Oxide intercalated composite (TiO2-Graphene Oxide) has been successfully prepared at low temperature (80°C) with graphite oxide (GO) and titanium sulfate (Ti(SO4)2) as initial reactants.GO was firstly exfoliated by NaOH and formed single and multi-layered graphite oxide mixture which can be defined as graphene oxide,[TiO]2+ induced by the hydrolysis of Ti(SO4)2 diffused into graphene oxide interlayer by electrostatic attraction.The nucleation and growth of TiO2 crystallites took place at low temperature and TiO2-Graphene Oxide composite was successfully synthesized.Furthermore,the photocatalytic properties of TiO2-Graphene Oxide under the irradiation of UV light were also studied.The results show that the degradation rate of methyl orange is 1.16 mg min-1 g-1(refer to the efficiency of the initial 15 min).Compared with P25 powder,this kind of intercalation composite owns much better efficiency.On the other hand,the reusable properties and stable properties of TiO2-Graphene Oxide intercalated composite are also discussed in this paper.At last,crystalline structure,interface status,thermal properties and microscopic structure of TiO2-Graphene Oxide were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM).Also,we have analyzed major influencing factors and mechanism of the composite structures which evidently improve the photocatalytic properties.