Exendin-4螺旋结构对生物活性及稳定性的影响

针对Exendin-4的螺旋结构特点, 采用去掉螺旋序列、 用3个连续Ala替换螺旋以及Gln13替换为Tyr13的方式对N端α-螺旋及C端α-螺旋进行改造, 设计出4个结构模拟物. 通过圆二光谱和荧光光谱进行结构分析, 结合模拟物生物活性实验, 分析Exendin-4螺旋结构与生物活性的关系. 结果表明：  Exendin-4的N端螺旋比C端螺旋对生物活性影响更大； 在抗二肽基肽酶（DPPⅣ酶）的稳定性实验中, C端螺旋比N端螺旋具有更好维系Exendin-4稳定性的作用； 螺旋结构中Tyr13可作为提高Exendin-4生物活性的重要优化位点.     

分布式声传感器井中背景噪声统计特性分析

分布式声传感器技术(DAS: Distributed Acoustic Sensor)是一种新近提出的高精度勘探数据采集方法,受制于复杂背景噪声的影响,DAS记录处理水平有待进一步提高.针对上述问题,采用基于替代序列的时间序列平稳性检验方法和Lilliefors检验法对DAS记录中复杂背景噪声的平稳性和高斯性进行研究.用以分析的实际地震数据是按照勘探工业要求采集的井中DAS记录.研究结果表明,DAS背景噪声是非平稳、非高斯随机过程且噪声特性随记录时长发生变化.相关研究成果实现了针对DAS背景噪声特性的可靠认知,对提高DAS记录处理水平具有重要参考价值.     

中药肾茶对家猫夏季饮水和血清尿素含量的影响

家猫饮水、排尿较少,泌尿系统疾病高发.肾茶是一种传统中药,具有良好的利尿作用.本研究采用10只家猫进行实验,结果显示:在饲粮中添加1%(质量分数)肾茶可以显著增加家猫的饮水量,降低血清尿素氮含量,但不影响家猫的体重和采食量.这表明肾茶有增加家猫排尿量、减少其泌尿系统疾病的潜在作用.     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.     

Microsatellite instability in gastric cancer: molecular bases,clinical perspectives,and new treatment approaches

Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with limited treatment options in both locally advanced and metastatic setting, resulting in poor prognosis. Based on genomic characterization, stomach tumour has recently been described as a heterogeneous disease composed by different subtypes, each of them with peculiar molecular aspects and specific clinical behaviour. With an incidence of 22% among all western gastric tumour cases, stomach cancer with microsatellite instability was identified as one of these subgroups. Retrospective studies and limited prospective trials reported differences between gastric cancers with microsatellite stability and those with instability, mainly concerning clinical and pathological features, but also in regard to immunological microenvironment, correlation with prognostic value, and responses to treatment. In particular, gastric cancer with microsatellite instability constitutes a small but relevant subgroup associated with older age, female sex, distal stomach location, and lower number of lymph-node metastases. Emerging data attribute to microsatellite instability status a favourable prognostic meaning, whereas the poor outcomes reported after perioperative chemotherapy administration suggest a detrimental role of cytotoxic drugs in this gastric cancer subgroup. The strong immunogenicity and the widespread expression of immune-checkpoint ligands make microsatellite instability subtype more vulnerable to immunotherapeutic approach, e.g., with anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies. Since gastric cancer with microsatellite instability shows specific features and clinical behaviour not overlapping with microsatellite stable disease, microsatellite instability test might be suitable for inclusion in a diagnostic setting for all tumour stages to guarantee the most targeted and effective treatment to every patient.     

氯乙烯精馏过程模拟优化与节能降耗的研究

针对某聚氯乙烯厂精馏过程中氯乙烯产品纯度低、能耗高的问题,利用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus对氯乙烯精馏系统中的T-203塔进行模拟优化,选择适合氯乙烯体系的NRTL模型进行计算,确定理论板数为28块。根据灵敏度分析和正交试验得到最佳操作参数为:回流比为0.8,进料位置为第2块理论板,侧线采出位置为第18块理论板。产品中氯乙烯质量分数达到99.999%,低沸物质量分数小于1×10-6,高沸物质量分数小于5×10-6。同时对精馏系统提出两项节能降耗技术,其中循环水改造技术预计为企业带来经济效益1034.85万元/a,高效导向筛板技术可以有效提高分离效率和生产能力。     

General mechanisms of drought response and their application in drought resistance improvement in plants

Plants often encounter unfavorable environmental conditions because of their sessile lifestyle. These adverse factors greatly affect the geographic distribution of plants, as well as their growth and productivity. Drought stress is one of the premier limitations to global agricultural production due to the complexity of the water-limiting environment and changing climate. Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels to overcome water deficit or drought stress conditions. The drought resistance of plants can be divided into four basic types-drought avoidance, drought tolerance, drought escape, and drought recovery. Various drought-related traits, including root traits, leaf traits, osmotic adjustment capabilities, water potential, ABA content, and stability of the cell membrane, have been used as indicators to evaluate the drought resistance of plants. In the last decade, scientists have investigated the genetic and molecular mechanisms of drought resistance to enhance the drought resistance of various crops, and significant progress has been made with regard to drought avoidance and drought tolerance. With increasing knowledge to comprehensively decipher the complicated mechanisms of drought resistance in model plants, it still remains an enormous challenge to develop water-saving and drought-resistant crops to cope with the water shortage and increasing demand for food production in the future.     

《近思录》的“教学之道”与朱熹的教育思想

朱熹的教育思想与《近思录》"教学之道"的语录文字联结紧密,二者存在相当的一致性;《近思录》语录文字是朱熹辑录与发明,是有意张扬四子思想,并藉以表达自己教育思想之取向。程朱理学,注重人之禀赋的开掘,达成圣贤;强调早期教育,"以豫为先",养成"圣贤坯璞";对传统教学内容的继承与拓展,尤重洒扫应对;对教法阐释透彻,继承而推新。这些在当下对我们有很好的启示。     

酚酞在NaOH,Na_2CO_3和NaHCO_3溶液中的显色现象及其应用

酚酞在不同浓度的Na OH,Na2CO3和Na HCO3溶液中会有不同的显色现象,这些差异可用于区别Na OH,Na2CO3以及Na HCO3溶液.