不同长效激活剂组分对沾3区块内源功能微生物激活研究

以胜利油田沾3区块油藏内源微生物为激活对象,筛选得到具有长效功能的激活剂组分,并利用功能菌定量化检测技术,研究了不同长效激活剂组分条件下产甲烷菌功能基因mcr A、硝酸盐还原菌功能基因nir S、硫酸盐还原菌功能基因dsr A这3种功能基因的增殖情况。研究发现,经过实验筛选的长效激活剂组分,在模拟油藏环境下,相比较现用玉米浆配方均能较好地、长时间地激活内源微生物。含有植物多糖组分(淀粉)的激活剂体系厌氧产气效果显著,气压最高可达到0.064 MPa,甲烷含量最高可达1.44%,mcr A基因随着时间的延长,上升趋势明显。     

氯化钙水型油藏内源微生物激活剂研究

应用最大可能数法(MPN)和高通量测序分析新疆油田氯化钙水型油藏产出液中微生物群落结构。应用离子色谱分析了油藏地层水的离子组成,确定了激活内源微生物的基础及目标。确立以原油乳化效果、激活后烃氧化菌浓度为筛选激活剂的主要指标,进行了内源微生物激活剂的筛选。在单因素实验筛选最佳碳源、氮源和磷源后,采用均匀设计优化了激活剂组分含量,并进行了激活效果评价实验。实验结果表明:优化的激活剂激活地层水中内源微生物后,原油乳化效果明显,提高功能菌群烃氧化菌等菌浓5~6数量级,而硫酸盐还原菌被明显抑制;同时微生物群落结构发生明显改变,细菌生物多样性有所降低,实现了对Pseudomonas、Bacillus、Stenotrophomonas、Pusillimonas和Acinetobacter等常见采油功能菌的高效激活。     

内源激活剂驱油藏内微生物菌群结构变化分析

油藏内源功能微生物的激活能有效提高采油效率。其中激活后功能微生物的群落变化分析及相关代谢基因丰度的变化对内源激活剂的筛选及激活机理研究具有重要的指导意义。本实验利用高通量测序技术准确分析了内源激活剂注入井（WJW199.1）和对照井（WJW202）中内源微生物（包括古菌和细菌）基于门、纲、属水平的种群多样性和群落结构。结果表明采出水中Thaumarchaeota门的古菌占主导,而丰度最高的细菌属于Proteobacteria门和 Firmicutes门。不管对于古菌还是细菌,注入井中的微生物多样性都远高于对照井,说明激活剂的添加有效激活了其中的内源微生物,提高了群落结构多样性。尤其是Pseudomonas,Arcobacter等具有产表活剂能力的功能微生物。同时,硫酸盐还原菌脱硫弧菌属等有害菌被抑制,丰度降低。表明从微生物种群变化的程度来看内源激活剂的注入降低了有害菌的丰度,激活了功能微生物,增强了整体微生物的驱油能力。     

不同类型激活剂条件下沾3油藏内源微生物驱油规律研究

为了明确内源微生物驱油过程中激活剂注入的类型对胜利油田沾3油藏内源微生物群落结构特征、驱油功能菌浓度及驱油效果的影响,利用室内长岩心连续动态驱替实验及分子生物学检测手段,研究了两种不同类型的激活剂多轮次注入条件下产出液微生物特征、原油性质及驱油效果。研究证实添加糖蜜、玉米浆和无机盐的富营养激活剂体系,可以在较短的时间内大幅降低内源菌群的多样性,选择性激活油藏内源驱油微生物,在多种驱油功能菌的协同作用下提高原油采收率,在一次水驱的基础上可提高采收率23. 59%。与富营养体系相比,单纯添加无机盐不加碳源的寡营养激活剂体系中菌群多样性降低幅度小,优势菌及驱油功能菌的激活速率低,注入后可以在一次水驱基础上提高采收率13. 61%。两种激活剂注入后产出液原油C12-C21的烷烃组分比例明显降低,寡营养体系降幅明显大于富营养体系。     

沾3内源微生物驱的生物特征变化及其对驱油效果的影响

内源微生物驱油通过激活油藏中特定的微生物群落提高原油采收率。分析胜利油田沾3区块内源微生物驱现场试验产出液中微生物群落结构以及优势菌的动态变化,考察油藏生物特征与现场开发动态之间的对应关系。结果表明:生物多样性、优势菌含量与现场生产动态之间存在明显的相关性,其中菌群多样性与原油产量之间呈明显负相关关系;4类优势菌的交替协同作用直接影响了原油产量,优势菌总量的变化与原油产量之间呈明显正相关关系,而且油井产量的变化滞后于生物特征的变化。     

花土沟高矿化度油藏内源微生物提高采收率实验研究

为了探讨青海花土沟高矿化度油藏利用内源微生物生长代谢提高原油采收率的可行性,用最大可能数法(MPN法)对油藏内源微生物群落组成进行分析,筛选激活体系,考查乳化、产酸性能,同时对微生物作用前后的原油进行气相色谱分析,通过16SrDNA序列分析,进一步了解油藏内源微生物群落.结果表明,腐生菌、烃氧化菌、发酵菌、硝酸盐还原菌是该油藏的主要微生物群落;激活体系能有效地激活内源微生物乳化液蜡,并产酸,内源菌浓度达107/mL,发酵液表面张力由57.44mN/m降至38.5mN/m,pH值由7.19降至6.56:选择细菌通用引物对菌株16S rDNA序列进行基因扩增、测序,测序结果用Blast进行同源性比较得分离菌株分别为Bacillus sp.和Halomonas sp.,激活后的内源菌选择性降解饱和烷烃(C11～C20.C28,C33).在花土沟高矿化度油藏实施内源微生物采油具有可行性.     

陆梁油田内源微生物驱激活剂优化及性能

针对陆梁油田陆9井区边底水油藏特性,运用聚合物驱等方法提高采收率在该油藏中受限,采用最大可能数法( MPN)分析油藏产出液中微生物四类菌浓度及分析了油藏地层水的离子组成,确定了激活内源微生物的激活思路。确定以菌浓、原油乳化效果和界面张力作为优化激活剂配方的依据,并以物理模拟实验为指导,通过调整激活剂中蔗糖、钠盐的浓度,比较激活剂是否注气两种方式,优化了激活剂配比,进行了激活效果评价实验。结果表明,对于陆梁油田陆9井区油藏,在一定范围内,提高激活剂中蔗糖,钠盐的含量,注入空气,可以有效提高微生物驱采收率,其中激活剂体系优化选择质量分数0.55%的蔗糖,质量分数0.6%钠盐,可提高驱油效率6.45%,能较好满足生产效益,为陆梁油田陆9井区开展内源微生物驱提供了可靠的室内实验依据。     

陆梁水驱油藏内源微生物激活配方优化及性能

针对陆梁油田陆9井区边底水油藏特性,运用聚合物驱等方法提高采收率在该油藏中受限;采用最大可能数法(MPN)分析油藏产出液中微生物四类菌浓度及分析了油藏地层水的离子组成;确定了激活内源微生物的激活思路。确定以菌浓、原油乳化效果和界面张力作为优化激活剂配方评价的依据;并以物理模拟实验为指导,通过调整激活剂中蔗糖、钠盐的浓度,比较激活剂是否注气两种方式;优化了激活剂配比,进行了激活效果评价实验。结果表明,对于陆梁油田陆9井区油藏,在一定范围内,提高激活剂中蔗糖、钠盐的含量,注入空气,可以有效提高微生物驱采收率;其中激活剂体系优化选择质量分数0. 55%的蔗糖、质量分数0. 6%钠盐,可提高驱油效率6. 45%,能较好满足生产效益,为陆梁油田陆9井区开展内源微生物驱提供了可靠的室内实验依据。     

沾3区块内源微生物好氧和厌氧激活特征

为了研究油藏内源微生物好氧和厌氧激活规律,在亨盖特厌氧微生物操作平台上,对沾3区块油井产出液分别进行好氧和厌氧激活研究。结果表明:油藏内源微生物在好氧和厌氧激活方式下均能被有效激活,激活5 d以后,菌密度超过10~8个/mL,但不同激活方式激活的菌群结构、驱油功能菌存在显著差异。在好氧激活下的微生物代谢速率快,开始产乳化剂时间比厌氧激活早;厌氧条件下,加入磷酸盐、硝酸盐,提供电子受体能够显著促进厌氧乳化,乳化指数可达100%。但氧化还原电位的提高,对内源微生物厌氧代谢产酸、产气有一定抑制作用,总酸含量从2.769 g/L降至1.046 g/L,气压从0.156 MPa降至0.060 MPa, CH_4含量从31.1%降至5.6%。室内模拟研究揭示的微生物厌氧激活特征为中高温油藏内源微生物驱油厌氧代谢调控提供了重要理论指导。     

胜利油田S12块内源微生物群落选择性激活条件研究

在考察了胜利油田S12块注入水和油井产出水中细菌群落状况的基础上,针对烃类降解菌、产甲烷菌、硝酸盐还原菌等有益于采油的细菌群落,研究了营养条件对细菌群落激活的影响.结果表明,激活剂配方St-12能较好地刺激有益内源菌群落的生长,且对硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌及硫细菌等对采油不利的细菌起到了一定的抑制作用.室内岩心模拟试验表明,在水驱基础上内源微生物驱可以提高采收率最高达9.14%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.