莫里青奢领组构造解释与构造圈闭识别

莫里青断陷是伊通盆地的一个二级构造单元。结合盆地基底形态、断裂分布特征、地层构造特征、盆地构造演化历史、盆地油气勘探现状等,莫里青断陷可进一步划分为西北缘断褶带、靠山凹陷、小孤山断阶带、尖山隆起带等三级构造单元。莫里青断陷的发育受控于近于平行的东、西两条边界断裂,即西北缘和东南缘边界断裂。断裂构造是伊通盆地最主要的构造类型之一,包括控盆边界断裂、盆地发育过程中产生的内部断裂及后期盆地反转挤压和基底隆升作用形成的断裂,它们形成数量众多、规模不等、走向不一、性质各异、形成时期不同的复杂断裂系统。分析构造圈闭形态演化、圈闭形成和破坏时期,再结合生、排烃时间和油气运移路径有效性分析,可对构造圈闭有效性、盆地油气资源前景作出合理的评价。     

伊通地堑莫里青断陷地温场及其应用

通过探井地层测温资料收集及地温梯度计算,建立了莫里青断陷基底埋深预测模型,确定了断陷内不同二级构造单元内烃源岩生烃门限深度以及双阳组有效烃源岩的范围。研究表明,莫里青断陷地温场差异性主要受盆地构造背景的控制,推测在断陷西北缘的伊47—伊45—伊8井区的深层是值得进一步钻探的有利目标区,该区发育较大规模的双一段低位扇砂体且其上覆优质烃源岩,成藏条件十分优越。     

基岩潜山油藏烃源岩的成烃特征

沉积盆地是一个巨大的低温热化学反应发生器,以辽河盆地大民屯凹陷曹台基岩潜山油藏为例,以其烃源岩在埋藏、压实、热力等因素作用下,达到成熟、生烃的动力学思路和方法为指导,探讨了曹台潜山原油的成因、来源及烃源岩的生烃过程。回剥反演了烃源岩的沉积埋藏史,磷灰石裂变径迹恢复了古地温,得出该油藏的原油是未发生降解的成熟型原油,潜山烃来源于西侧深凹陷的沙四段暗色泥岩。目前烃源岩还处于生烃高峰期,油藏尚处于油气充     

海相碳酸盐岩和泥岩生烃动力学特征对比分析

选取三塘湖灰岩和下马岭页岩分别代表海相泥岩和海相碳酸盐岩开展开放体系下的生烃动力学实验,动力学模拟结果表明三塘湖灰岩成油、成气活化能基本为单一活化能分布,下马岭页岩活化能呈现多活化能分布的特点。将两样品的动力学参数结合塔里木盆地满东1井区埋藏史-热史进行地质应用,结果表明海相碳酸盐岩的生油门限（2000m）较海相泥岩的生烃门限（3000m）浅,但在5000m以前,海相泥岩的生油速率较慢;而海相碳酸盐岩的生气门限比海相泥岩的生气门限大,在6000m左右二者都达到生气高峰,但碳酸盐岩的成气转化率增加速率比较大。     

复杂断陷盆地生烃洼槽预测与评价

近几年来随着陆相断陷盆地天然气勘探程度的提高,富烃洼槽与油气富及程度之间的关系被逐渐认识到。本文从沉积演化角度出发研究地层的沉积特征,并考虑火山活动对沉积过程的影响,对沉积岩厚度进行真厚度校正,预测出原始的生烃洼槽位置与范围。对有机质丰度进行恢复之后,按各个生烃洼槽内的烃源岩生烃潜力评价结果,优选出富烃洼陷区。     

开放体系下干酪根生烃动力学研究

以生烃动力学方法对烃源岩进行定量评价是近些年发展起来的一种新方法。通过对Ⅰ、Ⅱ型干酪根在开放体系下的热解模拟实验,研究了Ⅰ、Ⅱ型干酪根热解生烃演化特征,获得了Ⅰ、Ⅱ型干酪根的生烃动力学参数。Ⅰ型干酪根生烃的活化能分布范围为230~276kJ?mol-1;Ⅱ型干酪根活化能分布范围为234~276kJ?mol-1。在此基础上,结合专用Kinetics软件,将此动力学参数应用于实际地质中。结果表明,Ⅰ型干酪根主要生烃期在130~180℃（Ro在0.80%~1.63%）;Ⅱ型干酪根主生烃期在141~177℃（Ro在0.92%~1.56%）。生烃动力学方法可较好地将实验数据外推到地质实际过程,在烃源岩评价与勘探中具有广泛的应用价值。     

矿物质对干酪根热解生烃过程的影响

利用热模拟实验,从热解生烃组成特征、生烃量、生烃动力学等方面探讨了矿物质对东营凹陷烃源岩干酪根热解生烃过程的影响。结果表明,矿物质改变了干酪根热解产物的组成,提高了干酪根热解总生烃量。低生烃率时,矿物质使干酪根热解过程的视频率因子增加;高生烃率时,矿物质使干酪根热解过程的表观活化能降低,活化能分布范围变窄,反应速度加快。矿物质对干酪根热解生烃过程的催化作用可借助于正碳离子反应机理进行解释。     

德惠断陷深层源岩勘探前景

松辽盆地南部德惠断陷深层源岩油气资源勘探潜力尚不明朗。在生烃热模拟实验基础上,利用化学动力学法对研究区深层烃源岩进行了定量评价。结果表明,德惠断陷营城组和沙河子组总生气量为11.1×1012 m3。从生气量结果可看出,德惠断陷具有较高的勘探潜力,为松辽盆地南部勘探的重点洼陷。     

川东北地区上二叠统大隆组烃源岩生烃动力学应用

为了确定川东北地区大隆组烃源岩的生烃特征,选取广元矿山梁大隆组的暗色泥岩进行了Rock-Eval（开放体系）热模拟实验。同时选取飞仙关组抽提物进行了金管（密闭体系）热模拟实验以确定大隆组原油裂解成气特征。通过热模拟实验数据对成烃动力学模型进行标定。标定的大隆组泥岩样品动力学参数揭示其样品活化能主要分布在（190—230）kJ/mol之间,平均活化能为212 kJ/mol。川东北地区大隆组成烃史指出大隆组烃源岩自210 Ma左右开始大量生烃,到170 Ma（中侏罗世）干酪根生烃基本结束。油裂解成气主要发生在（180—160）Ma期间。川东北地区大隆组开江-梁平海槽和广元-旺苍海槽内平均生气强度为（10—20×10⁸）m³·km²,大隆组烃源岩累计生气量达到32.63×10¹²m³。大隆组烃源岩生烃期短,成烃期较晚,对成藏贡献大。     

松辽盆地南部十屋断陷成藏期次研究

通过对松辽盆地南部十屋断陷构造发育史、烃源岩的生烃史、流体包裹体均-温度的研究,综合分析了盆地的成藏期次.十屋断陷形成演化过程中经历了多期构造运动,其中影响最大的是登娄库末期构造运动和嫩江末期构造运动,是十屋断陷期局部圈闭的主要形成时期.在营城组沉积时期,沙河子组源岩开始大量生油;到登娄库组沉积之后,沙河子组源岩开始生气,营城组源岩进入主生油期;到泉头组沉积时期,营城组源岩达到生油高峰,青山口组-嫩江组沉积时期为生气高峰期.主要目的层砂岩裂隙中的流体包裹体形成温度主要为三个温度区间:70～80℃,90～110℃及120～140℃;与热史和埋藏史相结合,推测油气藏的成藏时间约为120 Ma前,85 Ma前和72 Ma前左右.综合分析认为,十屋断陷经历了三期油气成藏过程,即登娄库末期、泉头-嫩江期和嫩江末期.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.