川渝地区带状气藏分支水平井的产能公式——齐成伟公式的推广

 齐成伟公式是国内外首次出现的建立于带状油藏的水平井产能预测公式,但不适用于气藏。为了预测川渝地区带状气藏中分支水平井的产能,根据气相渗流与液相渗流的相似原理和Roberts气体相对渗透率与含硫饱和度关系,成功地将齐成伟公式改造为带状高含硫气藏中分支水平井的拟三维产能预测公式。根据齐成伟公式的高含硫气藏修正公式,分析硫沉积量和渗透率各向异性系数对产能的影响规律后,取得了硫沉积量对产能的影响大于渗透率各向异性系数、在带状高含硫气藏中宜打纵向双分支水平井的重要认识。建议将齐成伟的圆形油藏中辐射状分支水平井拟三维产能公式推广到圆形高含硫气藏中。     

带状低渗透油气藏中纵向双分支水平井在不同完井方式下的产能公式

为了预测带状低渗透油气藏中纵向双分支水平井在不同完井方式下的产能,分析钻、完井过程中产生的表皮系数后,通过等值渗流阻力法成功地将齐成伟公式推广为带状低渗透油气藏中纵向双分支水平井在裸眼完井、割缝衬管完井和砾石充填完井方式下的产能公式。     

低渗透髙含硫气藏硫沉积的渗流理论研究

针对低渗透高含硫气藏硫以固相析出污染地层严重影响气井产能的问题,运用渗流理论、达西、非达西流体运动方程并引进地层含硫饱和度参数,推导出气流满足达西和非达西运动条件时的含硫饱和度随时间变化的数学模型。该模型可以预测硫沉积的径向分布情况以及硫沉积量随时间变化对地层渗透率和孔隙度的影响。通过该模型的预测对此类高含硫气藏安全生产有着一定的指导作用。     

高含硫气藏硫沉积预测热力学模型

在高含硫气藏开发过程中,伴有元素硫的析出、沉积、气相组成变化和沉积硫堆积在孔隙喉道污染地层等特殊现象.其中硫微粒的沉积将降低地层孔隙度和渗透率,影响气藏的产能,严重的硫沉积甚至会导致气井报废.为了能够提高含硫气藏开发的预见性,建立安全开发模式,运用化学热力学理论建立了气液固三相相平衡硫沉积预测热力学模型预测硫的沉积,在此模型基础上对比计算、分析了硫化氢含量对硫沉积的影响.得出以下结论:在压力和温度一定的条件下硫的沉积量与硫化氢的含量成反比,在组成和温度一定的条件下压力越低硫的析出量越大.     

底水气藏水平井见水时间研究

 底水脊进是底水气藏水平井气藏工程研究中遇到的最大问题。利用镜像反映和势的叠加原理得到底水气藏水平井势分布,导出考虑地层各向异性的水平井产能公式、水平井见水时间公式、底水脊进时任意时刻水脊高度的公式。计算结果表明,底水水平井产能受水平井位置和地层各向异性影响,减小水平井与底水的距离能增加水平井产量;垂向渗透率越大的地层更利于底水驱气藏水平井产能的提高。水平井见水时间主要受水平井位置的影响,水平井离底水距离越近,见水时间越长。投产后底水先以较缓慢的速度上升,到后期上升迅速。实例分析表明,该方法对底水气藏水平井气藏工程设计和理论研究具有一定的指导意义。     

高含硫气藏水平井硫的饱和度预测模型研究

为了对高含硫气藏水平井硫沉积进行准确地预测研究,在气藏硫沉积机理研究的基础上,考虑水平井不同的渗流阶段以及与压力相关的气体参数的变化,建立了相应的硫的饱和度预测模型。利用某高含硫气田一口水平井的数据进行实例分析,得到了如下结论:1对于水平井硫沉积可以只考虑靠近井地带的径向流阶段,当发生硫沉积导致气井产量下降时,一定要合理控制气井产量,若发生硫沉积堵塞,加注硫溶剂可以有效地解除近井地带的污染;2与直井相比,水平井硫沉积的影响因素还包括水平段长度以及储层的非均质性。在相同的产气量下,水平井水平段越长,硫沉积的速度就会越慢;储层非均质性越强,硫沉积越不容易发生。     

分支水平井产能公式研究进展

分析了分支水平井的7个典型产能公式.对比发现,王卫红公式、李?公式均为程林松公式的特例;蒋廷学公式比程林松公式更加准确.通过理论分析和实例运算,验证了齐成伟公式在外部渗流阻力部分的重要突破.进一步分析发现,齐成伟公式的外部渗流阻力部分自相容,科学严谨.最后,考虑到各种附加阻力,得出了完整的产能公式.     

分支水平井拟三维产能公式新体系

本文分析了齐成伟建立的分支水平井拟三维产能公式,阐述了圆形地层中辐射状分支水平井拟三维产能公式在扇形地层中的应用、带形地层中横向和纵向双分支水平井拟三维产能公式在相应变化情况下的应用,并形成了分支水平井拟三维产能公式体系。     

各向异性油藏水平井渗流和产能分析

用拟三维方法分析了各向异性油藏的渗透率主值、主方向和油藏边界对水平井渗流的影响 ,给出了各向异性油藏内水平井渗流的压力场、流场分布及产量的解析解。结果表明 ,水平井的控制储量和产能由水平井方位、各向异性渗透率主值及主方向共同决定。计算产能时不仅要考虑边界点到井位的距离 ,还必须考虑边界点所处的位置。水平井与最大渗透率方向之间夹角越大及各向异性越强 ,则水平井的控制储量和产能越大。水平井筒中的流量分布及水平井所在直线上的压力分布既不受水平井方位的影响 ,也不受渗透率各向异性的影响。当油藏的水平方向尺度远大于其厚度时 ,水平方向渗透率对产能的影响明显大于垂向渗透率。水平井偏离地层的垂向中心位置越远 ,且水平井长度 (相对于地层厚度 )越小 ,水平井的产能越小。各向异性渗透率介质中的等压线不与流线相互正交     

各向异性油藏水平井渗流和产能分析

用拟三维方法分析了各向异性油藏的渗透率主值、主方向和油藏边界对水平井渗流的影响，给出了各向异性油藏内水平井渗流的压力场、流场分布及产量的解析解。结果表明，水平井的控制储量和产能由水平井方位、各向异性渗透率主值及主方向共同决定。计算产能时不仅要考虑边界占到井位的距离，还必须考虑边界点所处的位置。水平井与最大渗透率方向之间夹角越大及各向异性越强，则水平井的控制储量和产能越大。水平井筒中的流量分布及水平井所在直线上的压力分布既不受水平井方位的影响，也不受渗透率各向异性的影响。当油藏的水平方向迟度远大于其厚度时，水平方向渗透率对产能的影响明显大于垂向渗透率。水平井偏离地层的垂向中心位置越远，且水平井长度（相对于地层厚度）越小，水平井的产能越小。各向异性渗透率介质中的等压线不与流线相互正交。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.