边界层流体对低渗透油藏渗流特性的影响

以去离子水在半径为2.5μm和1.0μm微圆管中流动的实验结果为基础,拟合得到去离子水在微圆管中的有效流动半径公式和基于边界层流体的不同半径毛管束视渗透率公式,并比较了视渗透率与理论渗透率之间的关系.研究结果表明:随着管径尺寸的减小,边界层流体对渗流特性的影响变大;边界层流体厚度是压力梯度的函数,并随压力梯度的增加而按指数规律递减;毛管束视渗透率随压力梯度增大而增大,并最终趋近于理论值.边界层流体是导致低渗透油藏非线性渗流特性的主要因素之一.     

流体边界层对低渗透油藏渗流特征的影响

 低渗透油藏孔喉细小、孔隙结构复杂,固液界面相互作用力很大,在靠近孔喉壁面处存在一层流体边界层,阻碍流体在孔喉中的流动。为研究流体边界层对低渗透油藏流体渗流特征的影响,以去离子水在半径分别为10.0,7.5和5.0μm的微圆管中流动的实验数据为基础,通过数据拟合分析,确定了流体流动速度、边界层厚度与压力梯度之间的关系。结果表明,由于流体边界层的存在,低压条件下,去离子水在不同半径微圆管中的流动偏离经典的达西流动规律,表现出非线性特征,且存在启动压力梯度;随着管径的降低,流动偏离达西渗流规律的程度增大,非线性越发明显;随压力梯度增加,流体边界层厚度呈指数规律递减,压力增大到一定程度后,趋于定值。运用不等径毛管束模型,给出低渗透油藏单相流体渗流公式。     

微圆管中流体的微观流动机制

 针对低渗透油藏储层孔隙喉道小的特点,采用管径为20、15、10、5 μm 的微圆管,以去离子水和煤油为流动介质,研究微圆管中流体的微观流动规律,分析去离子水和煤油的实验流速、有效边界层厚度与压力梯度的关系,考察壁面润湿性和流体黏度对微流动规律的影响。研究表明,微管中流体流速与压力梯度基本成线性关系,随着微管管径的减小,流体流动的非线性程度增强,且驱动压力越大,微管有效边界层厚度越小,参与流动的流体更多,有效流体边界层厚度占微管管径的比例也随之降低;微管壁面由亲水性变为疏水性后,流体流速均高于改性前,微管管径越大,作用效果越显著;改变流体黏度时,出现明显的启动压力梯度特征,实验流体黏度从2.40 mPa·s 增至10.20 mPa·s 时,对应的启动压力梯度由1.26 MPa/m 增加到6.83 MPa/m。     

微圆管中纳微米聚合物流动规律

 针对低渗透油藏储集层孔道微细、孔隙结构复杂等特点,采用管径为20、15、10 μm的微圆管,以纳微米聚合物颗粒溶液为流动介质,研究微圆管中流体微观流动规律,分析纳微米聚合物颗粒溶液的实验流速与压力梯度的关系,研究纳微米聚合物颗粒溶液在窄小孔道中微尺度效应下的微观流动规律,明确在微管内所受微观力和流体动力学特性。研究表明：随着微管内径的逐渐减小,纳微米聚合物溶液的流速均明显减小;随着纳微米聚合物颗粒尺寸和溶液质量浓度的增加,流体流速逐渐降低;实验压力范围内,纳微米聚合物流速与压力梯度基本呈线性关系;微管管径越小,颗粒粒径越大,非达西流动特征越显著。     

低渗透储层中氮气的微尺度流动及其对渗流的影响

从气体在低渗透储层微米量级孔喉中的微尺度流动规律研究入手,探讨低渗透储层中气体的非线性渗流机理.实验研究了气体(N2)在内径为2.05～10.10μm微管中的流动规律.结果表明:气体在微管中的流动具有明显的微尺度效应,表现为实测流量大于经典流体力学理论预测流量;管径越小,流动压力越小,微尺度流动效应越强,实测流量与预测流量的偏离越显著.根据微管实验数据,结合毛管束模型,研究了气体微尺度流动效应对渗流的影响.结果表明:考虑孔喉中气体的微尺度流动效应后,低渗透多孔介质中气体的渗流具有非线性特征,表现为视渗透率随流动压力的减小而增加;多孔介质平均孔喉直径越小,视渗透率随压力的变化越明显.     

高压气体在微圆管中的流动特性

在高压条件下,试验研究氮气在直径为14.9、10.1、5.03、2.05μm微圆管中的流动特性。结合毛管束模型,研究气体的高压微尺度流动特性对气体在低渗多孔介质中渗流特性的影响。结果表明:气体在14.9μm微圆管中的高压流动特性与经典流体力学规律相符;随着管径的减小,气体的流动出现了明显的微尺度效应,表现为实测流量偏离经典流体力学理论预测流量,且管径越小,这种微尺度流动效应越显著;研究稀薄气体效应时提出的Kn数不能用来表征高压条件下气体的微尺度效应;气体在微小孔喉中的高压微尺度流动效应导致气体在低渗多孔介质中的渗流具有非达西渗流特征,表现为实际渗透率大于由经典H-P方程和达西公式计算的绝对渗透率。     

特低渗油藏渗流阻力梯度的非线性特征

根据边界层理论,运用三次函数形式对特低渗岩心试验曲线进行拟合分析,在此基础上,运用微分线性描述方法,建立考虑边界层及启动压力梯度影响的特低渗储层渗流阻力梯度的数学模型,得到渗流阻力梯度与驱替压力梯度及渗透率的关系图版.结果表明,渗流阻力梯度随驱替压力梯度增加而降低,随渗透率减小而增大,且渗透率越小,渗流阻力梯度增幅越大,其非线性变化特征越明显.     

狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面流动换热特性

采用数值方法研究了狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面的流动换热特性,通过四种湍流模型计算结果与实验数据对比,确定了湍流模型适用性.以压力梯度分布为依据,重点分析了狭缝射流沿柱状凸形表面的流动结构和边界层分离特点及柱状凸形表面的强化换热特性.结果表明:RNG k--ε和Realizable k--ε模型具有预测适应性;狭缝射流冲击至柱状凸形表面,气体沿表面运动,速度降低,并在流动下游发生边界层分离;量纲一的逆压梯度随量纲一的曲率半径(D/B)的减小而增大,使得边界层分离更早出现;驻点区域换热Nu随量纲一的曲率半径(D/B)的减小而获得增强,但流动进入下游后,D/B对换热基本无影响;压力梯度是影响狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面换热分布的重要因素.     

聚合物溶液在孔喉模型中的阻力特性

以收缩流道和扩张流道作为孔喉模型,分别通过数值方法和流动实验研究了粘弹性流体、幂律流体和牛顿流体在孔喉中流动压力梯度随流变参数、孔喉比及喉道直径的变化规律.结果表明压力梯度随着流体粘弹性的增强而增加,随幂指数、稠度系数的增加而增加,随孔喉直径和孔喉比的增加而降低.将数值结果与孔喉模型中的流动实验及岩心渗流实验比较发现,流体在孔喉模型中流动阻力特性与岩心中渗流阻力特性有相似的变化规律,对于粘弹性流体,压力梯度随流速增加急剧上升,递增速率增大;对于幂律流体,压力梯度随流速增加的幅度逐渐变缓;对于牛顿流体,压力梯度随流速增加呈线性增加趋势,符合达西定律.可以将流体在单个孔喉中的流动作为研究其在多孔介质中渗流的理论基础.     

圆管状多孔射气介质氡析出规律的理论研究

基于在多孔射气介质中氡的渗流-扩散迁移理论,建立了圆管状多孔射气介质氡的迁移数学模型,并获得了稳态条件下氡浓度分布的解析解和氡析出率的计算公式。通过研究,获得以下结论:1)圆管管壁内靠近圆管内外表面的氡浓度和氡浓度梯度随着扩散系数的增大而减小;2)圆管内外表面的氡析出率随扩散系数的增大而增大,并逐渐趋于最大值;整个圆管的氡析出份额随扩散系数的增大而增大并逐渐趋于1;3)圆管管壁内的氡浓度峰值的大小随着圆管内外表面压差值的增大而减小;其中氡浓度峰值最大时压差为20 Pa;氡浓度峰值最小时压差为60 Pa;4)当圆管内外表面存在压差时,高压侧的圆管表面的氡析出率随着压力梯度的增大而减小,并逐渐趋于0;低压侧的圆管表面的氡析出率随着压力梯度的增大而增大,并逐渐趋于最大值;整个圆管的氡析出份额随着压差值的增大而增大,并逐渐趋于1。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.