瓶盖冲塞机输送滑轨结构动力特性分析与改进

文中研究了一种瓶盖冲塞机的瓶盖输送滑轨的结构动力特性,着重分析了该轨道的固有特性,其目的是避免系统在工作时发生共振和出现不利的振型.在Pro/E中将该瓶盖输送滑轨建立三维模型,导入ANSYS中,创建实体单元,使用人工化网格设置,用Block Lanczos数值方法,计算得到结构的固有频率及振型,进行研究并改进滑轨局部结构.实际应用证实满足设计要求,得到令人满意的效果.     

机械式压力机曲柄六杆机构运动学特性分析

与曲柄连杆滑块机构相比,以曲柄六杆作为组合传动机构的终级输出构件向工作机构(滑块)传递运动和动力具有一些较好的特性.曲柄六杆传动机构中主动件与运动输出滑块之间的位置、速度及加速度关系是机构运动学分析、机械机构设计的基础.对机械压力机曲柄六杆传动机构各构件的运动学特性从理论上进行了分析,建立了理论分析计算公式,并进行了仿...     

考虑时变间隙的并联指向机构非线性模态分析

针对复杂空间机构的振动模型难以建立的问题,基于数轴法提出一种简便的并联指向机构振动模型建模方法,利用ANSYS模态分析证明了该方法的可行性。为了研究运动副间隙对机构模态特性的动态影响规律,考虑运动副残余刚度,提出了含间隙运动副的改进非线性等效刚度系数建立方法。将改进的非线性等效刚度系数嵌入机构振动模型,建立了考虑时变运动副间隙的非线性振动模型。利用ADAMS对考虑间隙的机构动力学进行仿真分析,根据仿真得到的间隙数据对受时变间隙影响的机构非线性模态特性进行分析。研究结果可以为并联指向机构的动态性能优化、振动抑制和故障诊断提供理论依据。     

斜动子与塔形定子构成的单驱双动超声电机

针对两相超声电机对模态频率一致性要求高及单相超声电机难于实现双向运动等问题,提出了一种单相驱动双向运动斜动子塔形直线超声电机。动子相对于塔形定子倾斜安装,利用塔形定子的面内对称模态或面内弯曲模态为工作模态,通过切换工作模态改变定子驱动足运动轨迹相对于动子的倾斜方向,实现动子正、反向运动。在分析电机工作原理及设计原则的基础上,推导了电机运行的导轨倾角适用范围,对设计制作的原理样机进行了模态实验和机械特性测试。实验表明,在导轨倾斜角为35°,激励电压为500 V,预压为力4.5 N的条件下,面内对称振动模态工作时的最大空载速度为79 mm/s,最大输出力为0.5 N;面内弯曲模态工作时的最大空载速度为756 mm/s,最大输出力为0.8 N。     

外周期力激励下弹性曲柄滑块机构的动态特性实验研究

首次进行了２倍于机构运动周期的外力激励情况下弹性曲柄滑块机构的动态特性实验研究，并通过其振动响应周期、临界速度与低阶临界速度等物理现象，发现弹性连杆机构时变振动系统的动力学特性不仅与系统本身的具体结构等有关，而且还与其运动周期及外力激励周期有关     

Ultra-low-flying-height design from the viewpoint of contact vibration

The design of a head-disk interface for ultra-low flying height has been studied from the viewpoint of contact vibration. It is known that a super-smooth disk is necessary for a slider to fly at an ultra-low flying height; however, such a disk increases the friction force, which potentially increases the vibration of the slider. To solve this problem, the head-disk interface must be optimized to reduce this increased vibration. It has been shown that a large pitch angle and center-pad-mounted read/write elements have advantages in terms of slider/disk contact. It has also been found that a micro-texture on the air bearing surface can prevent contact vibration. Moreover, a frequency-shift-damping slider was found to damp the vibration effectively. To further investigate these findings, numerical simulation and modeling of slider dynamics during contact have been performed. Their results revealed two zones of contact vibration: a stable zone and an unstable zone.     

三叉杆滑块式万向联轴器的运动分析

利用方向余弦矩阵对三叉杆滑块式万向联轴器的关键部件——滑块进行运动分析,得出了滑块的速度和加速度表达式。为这种万向联轴器后续的动力分析提供了基础,也为一般的运动分析提供了参考。     

基于高频微幅振动的微切剖操作器设计

提出一种基于高频微幅振动的微切剖操作器,其微动机构采用具有3个纯移动自由度的3-RUU并联机构,机构的动平台安装有PZT高频微幅振动单元,固联于振动单元的操作针可在跟随机构动平台作较大范围运动的同时通过PZT单元的高频微幅激励实现微切剖操作.建立3-RUU微动机构的尺寸型模型,绘制描述机构尺寸参数组合与机构性能关系的性能图谱并根据性能图谱设计微动机构的运动学参数.利用有限元法对微动机构的静、动态性能进行分析,并进一步确定微动机构及驱动单元的结构参数.基于得到的运动学及结构参数制作操作器原型,该原型可作为显微切剖操作试验系统的一个基本单元.     

Friction-induced vibration of an elastic slider on a vibrating disc

The in-plane vibration of a slider-mass which is driven around the surface of a flexible disc, and the transverse vibration of the disc, are investigated. The disc is taken to be an elastic annular plate and the slider has flexibility and damping in the circumferential (in-plane) and transverse directions. The static friction coefficient is assumed to be higher than the dynamic friction. As a result of the friction force acting between the disc and the slider system, the slider will oscillate in the stick-slip mode in the plane of the disc. The transverse vibration induced by the slider will change the normal force on the disc, which in turn will change the in-plane oscillation of the slider. A numerical method is used to solve the two coupled equations of the motion. Results indicate that normal pressure and rotating speed can drive the system into instability. The rigidity and damping of the disc and transverse stiffness and damping of the slider tend to suppress the vibrations. The in-plane stiffness and damping of the slider do not always have a stabilizing effect. The motivation of this work is the understanding of instability and squeal in physical systems such as car brake discs where there are vibrations induced by non-smooth dry-friction forces.     

新型高精度 V 形滑动摩擦导轨的研究

精密机械和仪器需要高精度的导轨,滑动摩擦导轨与滚动或静压导轨相比,结构简单、导向性好、导轨谐振频率高,再加上新型减摩材料的应用,在高精度导轨领域中,滑动摩擦导轨有着广阔的发展前景.这里,设计出一种新型的 V 形滑动导轨,对导轨的选材、结构及性能作了研究,特别是对导轨的摩擦、磨损与润滑进行了实验分析,对选用的导轨副材料的摩擦系数进行了测定.从而对这一类型的滑动导轨有了深入的认识.本文阐述了导轨的结构设计、材料的选择、磨擦、磨损与润滑性能的实验分析.     

Effect of hard-disk drive spindle motor vibration on dynamic microwaviness and flying-height modulation

In order to achieve higher recording densities up to 1 Terabit per square inch using conventional magnetic recording technologies, the recording slider will need to be physically spaced very close to the rotating disk, possibly via the use of an air-bearing surface. However, as the recording slider is flying at such ultra-low spacing of few nanometers over a high-speed rotating disk, it is experiencing disturbances from various different sources and of a wide frequency range. These disturbances may cause the recording slider to vibrate significantly, a condition known as flying-height modulation (FHM), which may result in data loss and possibly head–disk interface failure. A significant source of slider excitation is due to low frequency surface topographical features of the rotating disk, termed dynamic microwaviness. Dynamic microwaviness is a dynamic property of the disk and differs from regular topographical microwaviness, which is a static property. Most research works on dynamic microwaviness and FHM have been focused at the component level, using somewhat idealized conditions, such as high performance air-spindle motors that exhibit very low vibration amplitudes. In this paper, actual hard-disk drive spindle motors are used to investigate the effect of spindle motor vibration on dynamic microwaviness and FHM. It is found that there is a clear connection between spindle motor vibration and dynamic microwaviness that affects FHM.     

On the improvement design of dynamic characteristics for the roller follower of a variable-speed plate cam mechanism

Without modifying the cam contour, a cam mechanism with a variable input speed trajectory offers an alternative solution to flexibly achieve kinematic and dynamic characteristics, and then decrease the follower’s residual vibration. Firstly, the speed trajectory of cam is derived by employing Bezier curve, and motion continuity conditions are investigated. Then the motion characteristics between the plate cam and its roller follower are derived. To analyze the residual vibration, a single degree of freedom dynamic model of the elastic cam-follower system is introduced. Based on the motion equation derived from the dynamic model, the residual vibration of the follower is yielded. The design procedure to improve the kinematic and dynamic motion characteristics is presented and two design examples with discussions are provided. Finally, the simulations of the kinematic and dynamic models by ADAMS are carried out and verified that the design models as well as the performances of the mechanism are feasible.     

轴承间隙及柔性特征对机构动态误差的影响分析

为能够准确、有效地揭示轴承间隙与柔性特征对机构动态误差的影响规律,基于多体动力学理论与Hertz接触理论,提出一种计及轴承间隙与柔性特征影响的多体系统建模方法。该方法采用力约束替代运动约束,构建多体系统环境下的轴承精细化模型。基于该方法,可深入揭示轴承微观动力特性与多体系统宏观动态性能及运动精度之间的映射关系。在此基础上,以含深沟球轴承的曲柄滑块机构为仿真算例,分析轴承间隙与柔性特征对该机构运动位置与速度误差的影响规律。研究表明,轴承内外圈中心形成的相对偏心轨迹的变化特征是由多体系统动态环境下的轴承受载特性决定的;在轴承偏心影响下的机构运动位置与速度误差大小会随曲柄转角位置不同而变化。     

Static and dynamic characteristics of finite exponential film shaped slider bearings lubricated with micropolar fluid

Abstract

In this paper, the general dynamic Reynolds equation of sliding–squeezing surfaces of exponential shaped slider bearings with micropolar fluid is solved numerically for the assessment of dynamic characteristics. The two Reynolds type equations governing the steady performance and the perturbed characteristics are obtained using the perturbation technique and are solved numerically using the finite difference method. The results are compared with that of the inclined plane slider bearing. It is found that the exponential shaped slider bearing lubricated with micropolar fluids results in higher steady state film pressure, load carrying capacity and better dynamic stiffness and damping characteristics.     

一种三自由度并联机器人运动轨迹精度的可靠性研究

机器人轨迹精度的可靠性是评价机构性能的重要参数。压电材料作为一种驱动器能够抑制机器人柔性连接杆的振动,在抑制振动的同时也提高了机器人运动轨迹的精度。首先介绍了一种三自由度平面并联机器人系统;其次表达了振动控制系统的工作原理和实验分析;然后分别表达了不考虑振动和考虑振动因素时机器人轨迹精度的可靠度计算方法;最后分析了无振动控制和有振动控制时机器人运动轨迹精度的可靠度。可靠度计算表明,振动控制系统能够提高机器人运动轨迹精度的可靠度。     

Effect of Surface Roughness on Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Slider Bearings

The effect of surface roughness on the performance of hydrodynamic slider bearings is studied. A generalized form of surface roughness characterized by a stochastic random variable with non-zero mean, variance and skewness is assumed to define the bearing surface topography. Various film shapes such as: plane slider, exponential, secant and hyperbolic are considered. The results are obtained for the general lubricant film shape in integral form which are numerically computed for the shapes under consideration. The results are presented both graphically as well as in tabular form. The performance of a rough bearing can be considered in terms of an identical smooth bearing with an equivalent film thickness. It is observed, for the lubricant film shapes under consideration, that the increasing positive values of α, σ and ε decrease the load carrying capacity, frictional force and temperature rise while it increases the coefficient of friction. Increasing positive values of α and ε shift the center of pressure towards the outlet edge. For negative values of α, the increasing value reverses the trend of the effect on performance characteristics which is in conformity with the physical aspects of the problem. A similar trend is observed in case of the effect of negative values of ε. Thus, a negatively skewed surface roughness modifies the performance of the slider bearings whereas the performance of a bearing suffers on account of positively skewed surface roughness. Moreover, it is noticed that in the case of exponential and hyperbolic slider bearings the effect of increasing values of σ is more pronounced whereas in case of plane slider and secant shaped slider this effect is marginal.     

平面连杆机构运动误差及可靠性分析

为获得考虑运动副间隙和杆长误差的平面连杆机构运动规律，采用复数矢量法，推导出运动误差计算公式，在此基础上建立了曲柄滑块机构运动精度可靠性分析模型，编制了相应的计算机软件，并计算出算例机构位置参数和输出运动误差的方差和可靠度。     

基于滑块的三叉杆式万向联轴器的运动分析

通过建立数学模型、利用空间坐标系的相互转化、方向余弦矩阵方法对三叉杆滑块式万向联轴器的关键部件——滑块进行运动分析，得出了滑块的速度和加速度表遮式和曲线图。为以后的三叉杆式联轴器的研究提供数学理论依据。     

Non-Newtonian effects on the dynamic characteristics of one-dimensional slider bearings: Rabinowitsch fluid model

The non-Newtonian effects of an isothermal incompressibe laminar-flow lubricant on the dynamic stiffness and damping characteristics of one-dimensional slider bearings are theoretically examined. On the basis of Rabinowitsch fluid (cubic equation) model, the modified Reynolds equation considering bearing-squeeze action is derived to take into account the transient motion of the slider, and the non-Newtonian properties of lubricants. Applying a small perturbation technique, both the steady-state performance and the dynamic characteristics are evaluated. According to the results, the steady film pressure, load-carrying capacity, and the dynamic stiffness and damping behaviors are significantly affected by the values of the dimensionless nonlinear factor accounting for non-Newtonian effects, the wedge parameter of a slider profile and the squeeze number of bearing-squeeze action.