线状锗等离子体X射线线谱的时间分辨测量

用自行研制的X射线条纹晶体谱仪首次测量了线状锗等离子体的X射线时间分辨谱。给出了类Ne-锗L线共振线的时间演化过程,并用类Ne-锗L线共振线与其双电子俘获伴线的相对强度比粗估了锗等离子体的电子温度及其随时间的变化,实验给出了X光激光增益区介质的电子温度为400～760eV,同时给出了电子温度保持相对恒定的时间不小于90ps(电子温度变化小于2％)。     

HL-1装置边缘区的电探针测量

用一个可移动的静电双探针获得了HL-1装置边缘区电子温度T_e,电子密度n_e的时空分布。实验测得孔栏边缘处T_e和n_e。分别约为12eV和3×10~(11)cm~(-3),n_e沿小半径方向的径向梯度约4.7X 10~(11)cm~(-3);在等离子体边缘区,n_e,T_e的e倍衰减特性长度分别约为20mm和27mm,在删削区内,λ_n,λ_T急剧减小。粒子的横向扩散系数与玻姆系数同量级。     

激光等离子体电子温度的时间分辨诊断

本文描述在LF-11激光装置上进行的线状锗等离子体电子温度时间分辨诊断的实验。在实验中利用时间分辨X射线晶体谱仪测量了线状锗等离子体X射线的时间分辨谱,并借助碰撞辐射模型(CR模型),由类Ne锗L线特征线相对强度比确定出锗等离子体的电子温度及其时间演化过程。并与用部分局部热平衡模型(PLTE)得出的结果做了比较。     

用于测量Z箍缩铝等离子体K层辐射的邻苯二甲酸氢铊弯晶摄谱仪

 基于邻苯二甲酸氢铊(TAP)弯晶和软X射线分幅相机建立了一套4通道的时空分辨弯晶摄谱仪,测谱范围1 500～2 300 eV,时间分辨约2 ns。分析了谱仪各环节的信号传递和转换过程对系统谱响应的影响。利用该谱仪在“强光一号”加速器(约1.5 MA, 80～100 ns)Al丝阵Z箍缩实验中获得了时间分辨及时间积分的Al等离子体K层辐射谱,记录到了类H、类He离子主要共振线及类Li、类He离子双电子复合伴线。将摄谱结果与分能区X射线图像进行了比较。时间分辨的发射谱相对强度与积分结果有明显不同,反映了等离子体在5～10 ns时间尺度上的电子温度和离子布居变化。     

微型环流器的电磁测量

本文概述了微型环流器的几项电磁测量方法及其实验结果。利用磁探头测量了等离子体柱的位移,对等离子体平衡和稳定性作了进一步的观测。利用等离子体反磁测量得到T_e+T_i为36—50电子伏,τE约为80微秒。利用自制的参数测量仪测量了具有时间分辨的等离子体电导率与欧姆加热功率。由电导率及静电探针测量得到T_e约为20电子伏。由静电探针测量得到n_e约为10~(13)厘米~(-3)。     

Al激光等离子体电子温度的时间分辨诊断

 将门控分幅相机与平面晶体谱仪耦合，构成时间分辨光谱测量系统，对Al激光等离子体的K壳层发射谱进行测量，获得了相对入射激光延迟约1ns，积累时间约200ps的光谱信号。利用稳态碰撞-辐射平衡（CRE）近似条件下的等离子体光谱辐射动力学模型，给出了Al激光等离子体Ly-β线与He-β线强度比以及Ly-γ线与He-γ线强度比与电子温度的函数关系。在此基础上，根据实验谱线强度比，得到激光强度为2.319×10¹⁴，1.937×10¹⁴和3.946×10¹⁴ W/cm²时，等离子体冕区电子温度分别为1.190(1±27%)，1.165(1±27%)和1.525(1±27%)keV。     

HL-1装置的物理调试(1985)

自1985年4月起正式开展HL-1装置的物理调试,其目的是获得平衡、稳定和比较干净的等离子体,并在此基础上开展初步的物理实验研究。在纵向磁场2.3T下获得等离子体电流135kA,平顶时间150-200ms。等离子体电流的持续时间出乎意料地长达1s,其详细的物理原因尚待深入研究。其它等离子体参数的初步结果为n_e≈ 2.8×10~(13)cm~(-3),T_e≈350-500eV,τ_E≈10ms。     

脉冲送气等离子体枪的实验

用双探针和光谱方法测量了脉冲送气同轴等离子体枪产生的高速等离子体的性质。同轴枪的储能电容器的充电电压1.5—4.0kV,等离子体的电子温度为10—20eV,定向能量为40—310eV,等离子体密度为5×10~(13)—7×10~(14)cm~(-3)。     

X光激光实验中的等离子体状态诊断

在LF-12激光装置上,将500～600J、约1.5ns脉冲宽度的Nd玻璃激光聚焦成约120μm宽、20mm长的线作用到1mm厚的锗平面靶上。在靶室内设置具有空间分辨本领的平晶谱仪(测量波长范围在0.6～0.9nm)诊断锗等离子体状态。用2p-nd(n≥4)能级跃迁的类Ne离子谱线间的相对强度比估计等离子体电子温度在400～600eV。在实验中测到的线谱主要是类Ne GeXXⅢ离子产生的,类F GeXXⅣ离子产生的谱线次之,类Na GeXXⅡ离子产生的谱线比较弱。并且初步观察到线状等离子体轴向分布均匀性和横向离子分布特征。     

基于激光等离子体研究的高性能扫描晶体谱仪（英文）

在激光等离子体研究中,电磁脉冲干扰对实验结果影响很大,为了减小这一影响,设计一款新的扫描晶体谱仪,整个机身设计成几乎全密闭的良导体。该晶体谱仪通过更换晶体和调整入射角可以获得较宽范围的测量窗口。在X光光谱为2.5~3.5keV范围内的测量试验中,该扫描晶体谱仪的谱分辨能力为13(在2960eV),时间分辨率为10ps。其谱分辨和时间分辨可以满足对激光等离子体的研究。     

低能电子显微术及其应用

低能电子显微术是新发展起来的一种显微探测技术。它的特点是利用低能（１－３０ｅＶ）电子的弹性背散射使表面实空间实时成像，具有高的横向（１５ｎｍ）和纵向（原子级）分辩率，且易与低能电子衍射及其他电子显微术相结合。近年来它已有效地应用于金属和半导体表面的形貌观测、表面相变、吸附、反应及生长过程的研究。     

On the interpretation of the electron anomalous magnetic moment

Guided by a Compton-sized model, we demonstrate that: (a) the magnetic self-energy of the electron, as estimated initially by Rasetti and Fermi, can be directly related to both the sign and the magnitude of the electron anomalous magnetic moment; and (b) the classical expression for the magnetic self-energy of the electron exhibits the same characteristic logarithmic divergence that occurs in QED. This electron model quantitatively reproduces the spin, magnetic moment, and gyromagnetic ratio of the electron, correct to first order in = e² /c. It also relates the quantum-mechanical spin projection angle to the vanishing of the electric quadrupole moment, and it is capable of reproducing point-like scattering behavior.     

The effects of self-fields on the electron trajectory in a two-stream free electron laser with a helical wiggler and an axial guiding magnetic field

A theory for the two-stream free-electron laser(TSFEL) with a helical wiggler and an axial guide magnetic field is developed.In the analysis,the effects of self-fields are taken into account.An analysis of the two-stream steady-state electron trajectories is given by solving the equation of motion.Numerical calculations show that there are seven groups of orbits in the presence of self-fields instead of two groups reported in the absence of self-fields.The stability of the trajectories is studied numerically.     

Relaxation between electrons and surface phonons of a homogeneously photoexcited metal film

The energy relaxation between the hot degenerate electrons of a homogeneously photoexcited metal film and the surface phonons (phonon wave vectors in two dimensions) is considered under Debye approximation. The state of electrons and phonons is described by equilibrium Fermi and Bose functions with different temperatures. Two cases for electron scattering by the metal surface, namely specular and diffuse scattering, are considered.     

北京自由电子激光器电子束截面监测系统

报告了北京自由电子激光器(BFEL)从30MeV直线加速器出口到摇摆磁铁出口束流输运段的束流截面监测系统。该系统由四台遥控气动可伸缩荧光屏探头、光学放大系统、闭路电视摄象系统及视频图象处理系统组成。利用该系统进行模拟实验,其系统空间分辨率约100μm,达到BFEL总体要求。利用该系统可以测量摇摆磁铁入口处及内部电子束和准直激光的截面、位置和畸变,进行束流准直、聚焦和发射度测量。     

Investigation of the effect of electron cyclotron heating on runaway generation in the KSTAR tokamak

Wave enhanced runaway generation is expected to play an important role in the conversion of plasma current into runaway current during major disruptions. The fast electrons created by electron cyclotron heating (ECH) were used to study this issue in KSTAR. It is found that the fast electrons driven by ECH can enhance runaway production in the flat top phase with high loop voltage. The runaway current in disruptions was not enhanced by the ECH produced fast electron population due to the strong magnetic fluctuations which inhibited the generation of runaway electrons. It is found that a complete loss of existing REs during thermal quench has occurred in KSTAR limiter configuration discharges.     

Near threshold photodetachment cross section of negative atomic oxygen ions

A 40-target state close-coupling calculation for the photodetachment cross section of negative atomic oxygen near threshold is carried out with core－valence electron correlation by using the R-matrix method. It was shown that after considering the excitations of two electrons from the 2s shell, the electron affinity of O^- (2s^22p^5{}^2P°) agrees with the experimental result much better than that just considering the excitations of electrons only from the 2p shell as well as only one electron from the 2s shell. Total cross section as well as the main contribution of the ionization channels to the partial cross section are illustrated to show the structure near threshold clearly.     

Holes drilling in gold and silver decahedral nanoparticles by the convergent beam electron diffraction electron beam

The 200?kV focused electron beam in the convergent beam electron diffraction patterns mode in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with field emission gun is able to drill holes in gold and silver decahedral nanoparticles. However, although they are done under the same circumstances, the holes are shapeless in the silver and faceted in gold nanoparticles. In addition to this, the holes are closed during their high-resolution TEM observation in both materials. To comment their differences, displacement energy considerations are taken into account as function of the sputtering energy in order to modify the displacement cross-section of the processes.     

Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRe

The 400 MeV/u 12C6＋ ion beam was successfully cooled by the intensive electron beam near 1 A in CSRe.The momentum cooling time was estimated near 15 s.The cooling force was measured in the cases of difierent electron beam profiles,and the difierent angles between the ion beam and electron beam.The lifetime of the ion beam in CSRe was over 80 h.The dispersion in the cooling section was confirmed as positive close to zero.The beam sizes before cooling and after cooling were measured by the moving screen.The beam diameter after cooling was about 1 mm.The bunch length was measured with the help of the signals from the beam position monitor.The difiusion was studied in the absence of the electron beam.