防紫外线聚乳酸/棉织物的制备与性能研究

以聚乳酸(PLA)长丝和棉股线为原料,制备具有吸湿快干和防紫外线功能的PLA/棉织物,研究了织物组织、织物经密、经纱捻度对织物抗紫外性能以及透湿、透气和导湿性能的影响。结果表明:制备出的PLA/棉织物紫外线透过率小于2.5%,防紫外性能非常优异;同时织物具有优良的吸湿排汗性能。最优工艺参数如下:织物组织为缎纹,经纬密为140×120根/10 cm,经纱捻度为400捻/m。     

导湿排汗纤维机织物的导湿性能

通过织物垂直芯吸法和表面液滴法来分析在织物结构参数相同的情况下不同异形截面纤维对织物导湿性能的影响。实验结果表明:在织物结构参数相同时,织物导湿顺序与纱线导湿顺序一致,与纤维形态结构和细度相关;液体沿织物经纬向的芯吸传导时间和芯吸高度呈指数关系;2种方法的实验结果基本吻合,但在比较不同结构纤维织物的导湿性能时,采用垂直芯吸法测试较表面液滴法好。     

高导湿仿真丝涤棉机织物的性能

采用超细涤纶长丝与长绒棉丝光纱交织,通过织物组织、经纬密度、织物紧度等参数设计开发出了高吸湿仿真丝涤棉双面机织物;并对织物进行了滴水扩散时间、水分蒸发速率、芯吸高度、吸水率、透湿量等吸湿导湿性能及光泽性测试分析。结果表明八枚缎纹组织、经纬密度400×320、总紧度85．35％的织物其吸湿导湿性能最强,光泽最好。     

织物导湿排汗性能自动测试方法

针对目前常规织物导湿排汗性能测试仪器自动化程度不高,测试精度低等问题,依据织物干燥与润湿状态下电阻值的显著变化设计了一套高精度、全自动织物导湿排汗测试装置。借助自制仪器对11块Coolmax涤纶针织物的导湿排汗性能进行了测试,并分别将毛细效应法及质量称量法结果与自动测试装置测试结果进行对比。结果表明：织物导湿排汗测试装置测试重复性和再现性好,可完成液滴在织物内部扩散及蒸发情况测试;织物多方向芯吸指标优于纵横2方向芯吸指标,织物干燥时间测试结果较传统质量称量法测试结果准确;液滴在织物不同方向上芯吸速率和干燥时间的最大极差率数值较大,织物各方向芯吸性能和干燥性能差异明显。     

不同组织结构导电织物的导电性能分析

文章为了探究导电织物组织结构及经纬密度对其导电性能的影响,使用导电纱线分别制成平纹、斜纹、缎纹三种不同组织结构的织物,测试三种织物的导电性,并将测试结果转换为相同经纬密度下的电阻。试验结果表明:经密比纬密大时,纬向测得的平均电阻高于经向;交织点越多的面料其电阻值越大。     

成纱结构对短纤纱及其织物导湿性能的影响

探讨不同成纱结构对短纤纱及其织物导湿性能的影响。以涤纶为原料,分别纺制28 tex的环锭纱、转杯纱和涡流纱。测试了三种纱的成纱结构及基本性能。采用毛细芯吸法和水滴扩散面积对比方法,分别对三种纱及其织物的导湿性能进行表征。结果表明:织物芯吸高度与水滴扩散面积趋势一致,而纱线芯吸高度与相应织物芯吸高度和水滴扩散面积测试结果的趋势并不相同。认为:虽然涡流纱的芯吸高度较小,但其表面较少的毛羽对于提升织物导湿性有显著影响。     

麻赛尔功能织物紧度对吸湿导湿性能的影响研究

为开发吸湿导湿功能织物,并探究紧度对织物吸湿和导湿性能的影响,制备了5种紧度的麻赛尔/Coolmax/棉混纺交织物。分别测试5种织物的吸水率、滴水扩散时间、芯吸高度、湿阻和液态水分管理等指标,通过分析对比数据,得出性能较好时的织物紧度。结果表明:紧度对织物吸湿和导湿性能有明显影响。当混纺交织物总紧度为75.25%～77.50%时,吸湿性最好;当经、纬向紧度分别为55%、45%时,传导液态水的能力最好;织物的经、纬向紧度越小时,织物传导气态水的能力更好。开发的5种麻赛尔/Coolmax/棉混纺交织物吸湿导湿两面异性效果明显。     

经纬纱捻向配合对棉织物结构性能影响的探讨

探讨经纬纱捻向配合对棉织物结构性能的影响规律。在选择相同原料、相同经纬密和相同后整理方式的条件下,采用4种商业中常用织物组织织造的棉织物进行研究,每种组织分别采用经纬纱捻向相同和经纬纱捻向相反两种配合方式进行织造,通过对织物缩率、经纬密、平方米质量、抗弯刚度、断裂强力、折皱回复性等性能指标的测试发现:经纬纱捻向配置对棉织物的上述性能指标值有明显影响,而织物组织的变化带来的影响却并不明显。     

织物导湿性能的测试分析

选用不同纤维材料的机织物、针织物,在不同测试条件下进行导湿性能测试,发现试样宽度、液体温度对芯吸上升高度有不同程度的影响,不同方向织物的导湿速率不同,具有方向性,不同纤维材料的导湿能力存在较大区别,开发导湿、快干织物不仅要考虑纤维性质,而且要合理选用织物结构.     

防紫外线涤纶/天丝混纺织物性能研究

为了使织物具有持久的防紫外线功能和良好的舒适性,采用防紫外线涤纶与天丝混纺纱为原料,并以不同混纺比、不同经密、不同织物组织制成12种防紫外线涤纶/天丝混纺织物,再对织物的防紫外线、透气和透湿等性能进行测试。结果表明,在其他参数基本相同的条件下,随着天丝配比的增加,织物的防紫外线性能下降,透气性基本不变,透湿性明显提高;随着织物经密的增加,织物的防紫外线性能增强,透气性和透湿性降低;以不同织物组织制备的织物中,防紫外线性能最好的是平纹织物,其次是3/1右斜纹织物和2/2方平织物,最差的是8/3经面缎纹织物,而其透气性和透湿性的好坏顺序相反。天丝质量分数为30%、经密为423根/(10 cm)、织物组织为3/1右斜纹时,所得织物兼具良好的防紫外线性和舒适性。     

Moisture and sucrose transfer in fractionated palm kernel (PKO) based films immersed in liquid solutions

The effects of addition of sucrose, lecithin, and cellulose on unsteady state diffusivity and steady state permeability of moisture through fractionated palm kernel oil (PKO)-based films were studied under liquid-induced moisture migration at a water activity gradient of 1.0 and at a temperature of 25 °C. Addition of sucrose, cellulose, and lecithin into the fat films decreased the diffusivity of moisture, but increased the permeability of moisture due to the high moisture sorption capacity of these hydrophilic components.The effect of sucrose concentration and the presence of sugar ester in the aqueous phase on the diffusivity and permeability of moisture through the fat-based film were also studied. For pure PKO films, sucrose concentration of the aqueous phase and presence of sugar ester in the aqueous phase had no effect on the diffusivity and permeability. For fat-based films containing sucrose, with increasing sucrose concentration of the aqueous phase, the diffusivity increased but the permeability decreased. Presence of sugar ester at 0.3% in the aqueous phase significantly increased permeability of the fat-based films containing sucrose.The mass transfer coefficient for sucrose leaching from the fat based films into the aqueous phase increased with sucrose content in the film. The rate of sucrose leaching out from the fat film into 0.3% sugar ester solution was higher than that into pure water. The diffusivity of sucrose in the fat film leaching out into the aqueous phase increased with sucrose content in the fat films.     

Characterization of vapor-induced and liquid-induced moisture migration through fractionated palm kernel (PKO) based multiphase systems

Moisture migration through PKO based films under vapor-induced and liquid-induced conditions were investigated through measurements of unsteady state diffusivity, steady state permeability, and characterization of structure. A model was developed to describe changes in diffusivity through fat-based films containing hydrophilic components. At water activity gradients of 0.80 and 0.90, there were no significant differences in diffusivity and permeability values of PKO based films containing sucrose under vapor-induced and liquid-induced conditions. Addition of sucrose decreased both diffusivity and permeability of the films at a water activity gradient of 0.80. However, at a water activity gradient of 0.90, addition of sucrose increased permeability. At a water activity gradient of 1.0, diffusivity and permeability were significantly higher in sucrose containing films at liquid-induced condition than at vapor-induced condition. Addition of sucrose at a water activity gradient of 1.0 significantly reduced diffusivity but increased permeability under both vapor-induced and liquid-induced conditions. There were no significant differences in diffusivity and permeability of the film containing lecithin or cellulose under liquid-induced and vapor-induced conditions at a water activity gradient of 1.0. Addition of lecithin or cellulose significantly reduced diffusivity but increased permeability.     

数控全自动回潮仪的研制

对被测物的湿度进行数字全自动控制的原理进行了全面论述,并研制出了控制仪器,用该仪器解决了用模拟电路制作的设备体积大、调试难、性能不稳定、控制误差大的问题,该仪器控制精度高,性能稳定可靠、调试容易、价廉物美。     

彩色棉纤维吸湿性能研究

分析了彩色棉的吸放湿性能.在标准状态下,对彩色棉的吸放湿特征曲线进行了测定,并与本白棉进行了比较;根据特征曲线推导出了彩色棉纤维在标准状态下达到吸放湿平衡过程中,回潮率对于时间的回归方程以及吸放湿速率方程.结果表明:棕色棉纤维的吸湿能力与本白棉相似,初始吸、放湿速率高于本白棉;绿色棉纤维的吸湿能力比较差,吸湿速率低于棕色棉和本白棉.     

牛奶蛋白纤维与羊毛纤维吸湿性能对比分析

研究对比牛奶蛋白纤维与羊毛纤维吸放湿性能.对牛奶蛋白纤维在标准大气条件下的吸湿、放湿回潮率进行测定,描绘出吸湿放湿曲线,并与羊毛纤维进行了比较.根据吸湿放湿曲线,推导出标准状态下两种纤维的吸湿放湿速率回归方程.结果表明:牛奶蛋白纤维与羊毛纤维达到吸湿放湿平衡的时间及吸湿放湿曲线基本相似,吸湿过程中牛奶蛋白纤维和羊毛纤维达到平衡回潮率的时间几乎相同,而在放湿过程中牛奶蛋白纤维达到平衡的时间要低于羊毛.     

木材的水分与材性

本文着重介绍了木材吸湿、解湿特性对室内环境和木材干缩、湿胀特性对木制品形状与尺寸稳定性带来的重要影响，同时分析了木材中的水分对木材性质及加工利用的影响。     

棉纤维水分检测方法的研究

对以电阻法为设计原理的国产Y412系列原棉水分测试仪存在的测试结果误差大、稳定性差、通用性差等缺陷进行了分析。由于纺织纤维的直流电阻高、纤维介质在直流电场中存在极化现象，测试极板在直流电场中也易于极化等原因，使得用电阻法测试棉纤维水分含量存在难以克服的原理上的缺陷。在此基础上，提出以交流阻抗法测试纺织纤维的水分含量，并设计出适用的测试仪器系统。     

Prediction of moisture transfer parameters for microwave drying of lactose powder using Bi–G drying correlation

The mass transport properties characterising the drying of lactose powder were determined using a correlation proposed by Dincer and Hussain [Dincer, I. & Hussain, M. M. (2004). Development of a new Bi–Di correlation for solids drying. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47, 653–658]. Experimental moisture content data for lactose samples dried under convective, microwave, combined convective-microwave and combined vacuum-microwave conditions were collected. The drying coefficients and lag factors were calculated from the experimental data and incorporated into the model. The Bi numbers were in the range 0.185–439, and moisture diffusivities and diffusion coefficients in the range from 0.135 × 10⁻⁹ to 102 × 10⁻⁹ and from 0.194 × 10⁻⁶ to 118 × 10⁻⁶ m/s, respectively. The predicted moisture profiles showed adequate agreement with the experimental observations, with the average error between experimental and predicted results being ±13.7%.     

竹炭纤维纺纱实践

为开发竹炭纤维产品,测试了竹炭纤维的物理性能,并与粘胶纤维、竹纤维进行比较.竹炭纤维是一种低强低伸型纤维,具有较高的回潮率.依据其物理性能,设计纺纱工艺并分析解决了纺纱中出现的问题.结果表明:通过上述工艺生产的竹炭纱线性能优良,具有可织造性.     

米厂谷物加工中水分的调质

对水分调质的分类、主要问题、设备进行了介绍。