抑郁症自杀未遂的危险因素研究

为探讨抑郁症自杀未遂的危险因素，对５１例有自杀未遂和１５２例无自杀行为的抑郁症患者进行了自杀未遂的危险因素研究。结果表明，Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归筛选出的主要危险因素为自杀家族史、病前生活事件、妄想、自责自罪和绝望；单因素分析筛选出的主要危险因素为性别、自杀家族史、病前生活事件、起病形式、幻觉，妄想、焦虑激越、自责自罪和绝想。     

妄想性抑郁症55例临床分析

对55例妄想性抑郁症与92例非妄想性抑郁症病人进行临床对照分析，结果表明，妄想性抑郁症幻听，焦虑激越，自责自罪，绝望，自杀行为等症状出现率较高，自杀率为非妄想性抑郁症的3．7倍，往往需要联合治疗方能奏效。     

妄想性抑郁症55例临床对照分析

对５５例妄想性抑郁症与９２例非妄想性抑郁症病人进行临床对照分析。结果表明：妄想性抑郁症幻听、焦虑、自责自罪、绝望、自杀行为等症状出现率较高，自杀率为非妄想性抑郁症的３．７倍，往往需要联合治疗。     

抑郁症患者自杀的危险因素研究

目的:探讨抑郁症患者自杀的危险因素及生物学指标.方法:以抑郁症患者入院时有无自杀行为分为自杀组和无自杀组.用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD,24项)、生活事件量表(LES)及自行编制的自杀行为调查表对入组患者进行调查;酶法测定两组患者的总胆固醇(CHO)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平.结果:共107例.多因素Logistic回归分析发现,自杀与既往自杀行为、内向性格、生活事件、严重的抑郁(尤其是绝望感明显,存在严重的认识障碍)有关;两组的血脂水平差异无显著.结论:既往自杀行为、内向性格、生活事件、严重的抑郁是抑郁症患者自杀的主要危险因素;抑郁症患者的自杀可能与血脂水平无关.     

妄想性与非妄想性抑郁症的临床对照研究

为探讨妄想性与非妄想性抑郁症的临床特征差异,对71例妄想性抑郁症与132例非妄想性抑郁症进行了临床对照研究。结果显示,妄想性抑郁症的精神病家族史、幻觉、自责自罪、绝望、自杀行为等出现率显高于非妄想性抑郁症;妄想性抑郁症的自杀行为危险必理非妄想性抑郁症的1.99倍;妄想性抑郁症可能需联合治疗。提示妄想抑郁症可能抑郁症中的一种独特的亚型,值得进一步探讨。     

住院精神疾病患者自杀调查

对我院建院以来自杀身亡的病例进行调查分析1　一般资料1975～ 2 0 0 1年期间 ,我院共收治精神疾病患者 2 2 917例次 ,自杀身亡者 15例。其中男 9例 ,女 6例。年龄 2 2～ 49岁 ,平均 31 7岁 ,其中 2 2～ 39岁 12例。文盲 1例 ,小学 3例 ,中学 10例 ,大学 1例。已婚 6例 ,未婚 9例。2　临床分析诊断为精神分裂症 12例 ,精神分裂症后抑郁 1例 ,抑郁症 2例。伴有躯体疾病 2例。均无精神疾病家族史。住院前有轻生意念或自杀行为者 4例。自杀由精神病性症状 (幻觉、妄想 )所致 9例 ,由抑郁、自责所致 4例 ,由生活事件、心理负担所致 2例。自杀方…     

负性生活事件与自杀行为研究

目的 评估自杀研究用生活事件量表的效度并了解负性生活事件在自杀行为发生中的影响机制.方法 制定了一个由调查员询问填写的自杀研究用生活事件量表,以有自杀行为者为研究对象,调查[1]926例自杀死亡和756例其他伤害死亡案例(对照组)的家属和周围知情人;[2]570例自杀未遂者本人及其知情亲友,并对其中212例按年龄(±5岁)、性别配对从急诊非自杀病人的家属中选择对照进行调查.结果 两种信息来源(死者家属与周围知情人;或自杀未遂者与陪伴亲友)的同一生活事件评估指标之间的相关性较强(自杀死亡调查中急性应激强度的秩和相关系数为0.67,慢性心理压力为0.69;自杀未遂调查中分别为0.75和0.68).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,自杀当时的急性应激强度和自杀前1年内的慢性心理压力均是自杀行为发生的独立危险因素.结论 自制"自杀研究用生活事件量表"的效度良好.负性生活事件导致的急性应激和慢性心理压力对自杀行为的影响机制相对独立.     

社区精神分裂症患者自杀行为的危险因素分析

目的:探讨社区精神分裂症患者自杀行为的相关危险因素。方法:通过自制调查问卷对成都市青羊区358例登记在册的精神分裂症患者进行调查。根据患者既往是否有自杀行为,分为有自杀行为组和无自杀行为组。采用单因素分析、多因素Logistic回归分析,探讨社区精神分裂症患者自杀行为相关的危险因素。结果:社区精神分裂症患者中发生过自杀行为的占23.5%;有幻觉及妄想(OR=1.857,P0.05)、服药不依从(OR=2.320,P0.01)、照护者对疾病知识完全不了解(OR=2.816,P0.05)是患者发生自杀行为的危险因素。结论:社区精神分裂症患者自杀风险高,患者有幻觉妄想症状及治疗不依从、患者照料者对该病不了解是患者自杀行为的危险因素。     

具有凶杀行为的精神疾病患者自杀行为研究

目的:探讨具有凶杀行为的精神疾病患者自杀的危险因素.方法:调查1986年至2006年具有凶杀行为的精神疾病患者院内自杀身亡3l例,采用多因素Logistic回归分析自杀行为危险因素.结果:具有凶杀行为精神疾病患者自杀男:女=3.43:1,自杀行为的发生与家族自杀史、悔恨、绝望、心理社会因素及杀害对象有关.结论:悔恨、绝望、心理社会因素等是具有凶杀行为精神疾病患者自杀的危险因素,对于有凶杀行为的精神疾病患者自杀行为应加以干预.     

有自杀与无自杀抑郁症患者临床对照研究

通过对１３５例住院抑郁症患者按有无自杀意念，自杀行为分组进行了对照研究，发现有自杀抑郁症患者发生自杀行为的主要因素与早醒和妄想有关，且与无自杀抑郁症者比较有显著差异，实施自杀前大多有预兆。     

Life stress and the symptoms of major depression

Life stress has been found to be associated with onset of depression and with greater severity of depressive symptoms. It is unclear, though, if life stress is related to particular classes or specific symptoms in depression. The association between severe life events and depressive symptoms was tested in 59 individuals diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria with endogenous primary nonpsychotic major depression. As predicted, life stress was associated principally with cognitive-affective symptoms, not somatic symptoms. There also was a consistent association across different assessment methods between severe events and suicidal ideation. Finally, associations held specifically for severe events occurring before onset, not for severe events occurring after onset. Symptom variation in major depression is related specifically to severe stressors before onset and includes primarily cognitive-affective types of symptoms. There is an especially pronounced association of prior severe stress with suicidal ideation. The implications of stress-symptom associations are addressed for enlarging understanding of symptom heterogeneity and subtype distinctions in major depression.     

抑郁症的自杀未遂及其危险因素分析

为了获得抑郁症病人的自杀未遂发生率及其危险因素，采用自制的抑郁症与自杀的关系登记表和Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ抑郁量表，分别对符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第２版修订本的２１２例住院的抑郁症病人进行调查评分，然后用ＳＰＳＳ和ＰＥＭＳ软件包进行统计分析。结果：在２１２例抑郁症病人中发生自杀观念１５８例（７４．５％），自杀未遂６７例（３１．６％）。在自杀未遂组中的自杀方式以过量服药为主（４７．８％），自杀地点多在室内（７７．６％）。自杀未遂组的抑郁症状评分高于无自杀行为组（ｔ＝７．２７，Ｐ＜０．０１）。自杀与绝望感、抑郁情绪、自卑感、自知力等呈正相关。逐步回归分析发现，绝望感对自杀的影响最大，其次是抑郁情绪，再次是自卑感和自知力。提示抑郁症与自杀的关系密切，频繁出现≥３次自杀观念的抑郁症病人发生自杀行为的可能性较大。     

Association of a triallelic serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism with stressful life events and severity of depression

OBJECTIVE: The lower expressing allele of the serotonin transporter gene 5' promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism is reported to be associated with susceptibility to depression and suicidality in response to stressful life events. The authors examined the relationship of a triallelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism to stressful life events, severity of major depression, and suicidality. METHOD: Mood disorder subjects (N=191) and healthy volunteers (N=125), all Caucasian subjects of European origin, were genotyped for the triallelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (higher expressing allele: L(A); lower expressing alleles: L(G), S). All subjects underwent structured clinical interviews to determine DSM-IV diagnoses, ratings of psychopathology, stressful life events, developmental history, and suicidal behavior. CSF 5-HIAA was assayed in a subgroup of subjects. RESULTS: Lower expressing alleles independently predicted greater depression severity and predicted greater severity of major depression with moderate to severe life events compared with the higher expressing L(A) allele. No associations with suicidal behavior and CSF 5-HIAA were found. CONCLUSIONS: Lower expressing transporter alleles, directly and by increasing the impact of stressful life events on severity, explain 31% of the variance in major depression severity. The biological phenotype responsible for these effects remains to be elucidated.     

The analysis of negative life events, hopelessness and coping strategies among psychotic patients

Some theories explaining the background of suicidal attempts emphasise the role of depression, while others emphasise the role of hopelessness in the case of different psychological states, like psychosis. According to researches negative emotions, namely hopelessness predicts suicidal intentions more precisely than depression itself. In our study we measured the suicidal risk of our psychotic patients with hopelessness, depression and life event scales. Our results have implied that suicidal psychotic patient groups showed significantly more serious level of depression and hopelessness and had more negative life events than the non-suicidal group. Indeed, a sub-group could also be distinguished among suicidal psychotic patients in which the level of hopelessness predicts suicidal risk and not depression.     

Situational major depressive disorder

Fifty-seven patients with situational major depression diagnosed by the Research Diagnostic Criteria were compared with 72 subjects with nonsituational major depression on demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables. The situational patients tended to be younger and had fewer prior episodes of depression and fewer hospitalizations. No differences were found in categories of life events, in overall clinical picture, in social supports, or in family history.     

社会支持对重性抑郁障碍患者自杀意念的影响

目的探讨社会支持对重性抑郁障碍(MDD)患者自杀意念的影响,为临床降低其自杀意念、减少自杀行为的发生提供参考。方法采用二阶段调查法,以在武汉市精神卫生中心门诊就诊的、符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-IV)诊断标准的1135例MDD患者为研究对象。采用患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行调查,采用二元Logistic回归分析探讨MDD患者自杀意念的影响因素。结果1135例MDD患者中,有688例(60.62%)存在自杀意念,有自杀意念者PHQ-9评分高于无自杀意念者,差异有统计学意义[(14.18±5.02)分vs.(11.07±4.61)分,t=10.497,P<0.01]。有自杀意念者的主观支持、对支持的利用度及SSRS总评分均低于无自杀意念者,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。以自杀意念为因变量,以客观支持、主观支持、对支持利用度及PHQ-9评分为自变量的二元Logistic回归模型为logit(P)=-0.286+0.026X1-0.035X2-0.063X3+0.128X4,其中主观支持和抑郁均对自杀意念有预测作用(B=-0.035、0.128,P<0.05或0.01)。结论存在抑郁症状及缺乏社会支持(尤其是主观支持)可能是MDD患者出现自杀意念的危险因素。     

伴非典型特征的抑郁症患者自杀未遂的危险因素分析

目的探讨伴非典型特征抑郁症患者自杀未遂的社会人口学及临床特征方面危险因素。方法来自全国13个中心的1172例抑郁症患者,纳入其中179例伴非典型特征患者,依据简明国际神经精神访谈(the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview,MINI)5.0中文版自杀模块的访谈结果,分为自杀未遂组和无自杀未遂组,通过多因素logistic回归分析伴非典型特征的抑郁症患者在性别、年龄等社会人口学资料及伴焦虑症状、伴精神病性症状等临床特征方面可能与自杀未遂相关的危险因素。结果伴非典型特征抑郁症患者自杀未遂的发生率为23.5%(42/179)。与无自杀未遂组患者相比,自杀未遂组患者更多伴有自杀观念、产后起病,更常使用抗抑郁剂以外的其他药物治疗(如抗精神病药、情感稳定剂及苯二氮类药)(均P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,既往住院次数(OR=1.730,95%CI:1.093~2.740)和自杀观念(OR=3.899,95%CI:1.506~10.092)与伴非典型特征的抑郁症患者发生自杀未遂相关(均P0.05)。结论既往住院次数多及伴有自杀观念是伴非典型特征抑郁症患者自杀未遂的主要危险因素。     

Suicidal ideation and behaviour in patients with persecutory delusions: Prevalence,symptom associations,and psychological correlates

BackgroundTo determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and behaviour - and their correlates - in patients with persecutory delusions.Methods110 patients with persecutory delusions in the context of non-affective psychosis were assessed for suicidal thoughts and behaviours over the past month. Symptom and psychological assessments were also completed.ResultsThe severity of suicidal ideation was: no suicidal ideation (n = 26, 23.6%); wish to be dead (n = 21, 19.1%); nonspecific active suicidal thoughts (n = 14, 12.7%); suicidal thoughts with methods but no intent (n = 29, 26.4%); suicidal thoughts with intent but no specific plan (n = 13, 11.8%); and suicidal intent with plan (n = 7, 6.4%). In the past month, five patients (4.5%) had made an actual, interrupted, or aborted suicide attempt. The severity of suicidal ideation was associated with higher levels of depression, paranoia, hallucinations, anger, insomnia, negative beliefs about the self and others, pessimism, worry, and delusion safety-seeking behaviours and lower levels of psychological well-being and reward responsiveness. Severity of ideation was not associated with cannabis or alcohol use, working memory, pain, or meaningful activity levels.ConclusionsPatients with persecutory delusions are typically in a severe state of psychological stress, and at risk of suicide, as indicated by very high levels of suicidal ideation. This exploratory study also identifies correlates of suicidal ideation that could be investigated in causal research designs.     

Prospective study of clinical predictors of suicidal acts after a major depressive episode in patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the predictive potential of a stress-diathesis model for suicidal behavior based on correlates of past suicidal acts. In this model, suicidal acts are precipitated by stressors such as life events or a major depressive episode in the setting of a propensity for acting on suicidal urges. This diathesis is expressed as the tendency to develop more pessimism in response to a stressor and/or the presence of aggressive/impulsive traits. The predictive potential of the diathesis was tested by determining whether clinical correlates of past suicidal behavior predict suicidal acts during a 2-year follow-up of patients with a major depressive episode. METHOD: Patients with DSM-III-R major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder (N=308) were assessed at presentation for treatment of a major depressive episode. Potential predictors of suicidal acts in the 2 years after study enrollment were identified on the basis of an association with previous suicidal behavior and were tested by using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. In addition, pessimism and aggression/impulsivity factors were generated, and their predictive ability was tested by using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: The three most powerful predictors of future suicidal acts were a history of suicide attempt, subjective rating of the severity of depression, and cigarette smoking, each of which had an additive effect on future risk. The pessimism and aggression/impulsivity factors both predicted suicidal acts, and each factor showed an additive effect. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to obtaining a history of suicidal behavior, clinicians may find it useful to assess patients' current level of pessimism, aggressive/impulsive traits, and comorbidity with substance use disorders, including nicotine-related disorders, to help identify patients at risk for suicidal behavior after major depression. Interventions such as aggressive pharmacotherapeutic prophylaxis to prevent relapse or recurrence of depressive symptoms may protect such at-risk individuals from future suicidal behavior.     

江西省抑郁症患病率的流行病学调查

目的 调查江西省抑郁症的患病率。方法 资料来自江西省11个地市的样本，年龄≥15岁的城区和农村常住居民，共15939人。使用复合性国际诊断交谈检查和专门设计的社会人口学调查表，采用国际疾病分类第10版精神与行为障碍分类中的诊断标准。结果 (1)11个地市抑郁症时点患病率为0．95％，总患病率为1．15％[95％的可信区间(CI)=0．91-1．49]。其中抑郁发作的时点患病率为0．35％，总患病率为0．51％；恶劣心境的时点患病率为0．60％，总患病率为0．65％。(2)年龄45—54岁[相对危险度(RR)=2．09]、女性(RR=1．91)、离婚或丧偶(RR=2．09)、文盲(RR=2．43)或低收入(RR=2．73)与抑郁症明显相关，而有无固定的职业、地区的不同、经济区域的不同对抑郁症的总患病率没有明显的关联。女性患抑郁症的相对危险度是男性的1．91倍。结论 抑郁症是一种患病率较高的精神障碍。年龄45—54岁、女性、离婚或丧偶、文盲或低收入，与抑郁症明显相关。