离子液体乳相液液微萃取结合高效液相色谱法测定豆奶中的磺酰脲类除草剂

建立一种绿色、高效的涡旋/超声协同乳化离子液体乳相液液微萃取法,用于提取和富集豆奶中残留的噻吩磺隆、甲磺隆、醚苯磺隆、氯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆和吡嘧磺隆等6种磺酰脲类除草剂,并结合高效液相色谱法对目标分析物进行分离与测定。本方法以离子液体为萃取剂,以改性蒙脱土为固相分散吸附剂,经涡旋和超声协同作用促使离子液体乳化,形成离子液体乳相萃取液,增加离子液体与目标分析物的接触面积,通过改性蒙脱土对结合了目标分析物的离子液体进行吸附,经离心后改性蒙脱土与样液实现相分离,用定量乙腈解析改性蒙脱土中的目标分析物,解析液过滤后进行色谱分析。结果表明,在7.80~500.00 μg/L的线性范围内各目标分析物具有良好的线性关系（r>0.9990）,其检出限（LODs）与定量限（LOQs）分别为1.60~3.15和5.34~10.12 μg/L。各目标分析物的日内精密度和日间精密度（RSD）分别为1.31%~5.07%和1.12%~6.63%,加标回收率在81.55%~116.44%之间,相对标准偏差在0.05%~8.91%之间。本法以离子液体为萃取剂,将涡旋/超声协同乳化与离子液体液液微萃取相结合,集样品提取、分离、净化于一体,具有萃取效率高、操作简单和绿色环保等优点。     

硅胶固载离子液体基质固相分散法提取蜂房中的酚酸和黄酮类化合物

建立一种基于离子液体的基质固相分散-高效液相色谱法同时测定蜂房中的5种酚酸和黄酮类化合物。采用浸渍法制备硅胶固载离子液体吸附剂,并将其作为基质固相分散提取法的分散剂用于提取蜂房中的咖啡酸、阿魏酸、桑色素、白杨素和山奈素,通过高效液相色谱对目标化合物进行分离和测定。实验结果表明,硅胶固载离子液体-基质固相分散法的最佳提取条件为:以含10%[C6MIM]Cl的硅胶固载离子液体为分散剂,20mL正己烷为淋洗剂,15mL甲醇为洗脱剂,样品与分散剂质量比为1:4。各目标化合物在线性范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r0.9995),检出限和定量限分别为0.05~0.18μg/mL和0.17~0.59μg/mL,日内和日间精密度(RSD)分别低于5.48%和6.60%,样品加标回收率在83.73~95.32%之间。本法结合了离子液体和基质固相分散提取法的优势,具有提取时间短,有机溶剂和样品用量少等优点,本法可广泛应用于药用动植物中酚酸和黄酮类化合物的提取分析。     

动态基质固相分散-离子液体双水相微萃取结合高效液相色谱法检测粮谷中的三嗪类除草剂

将动态基质固相分散与离子液体双水相微萃取技术相结合,建立高效、绿色、快速的样品前处理方法用于萃取粮谷中残留的5 种三嗪类除草剂,通过高效液相色谱对目标物进行分离和测定。以离子液体为萃取溶剂,样品经基质固相分散法处理后,采用离子液体双水相体系富集目标分析物,通过Plackett-Burman试验判断各个因素对响应值的影响,采用Box-Behnken试验对显著性因素进行优化。在最佳实验条件时,目标物在线性范围内具有良好的线性关系（r≥0.996?9）,其检出限和定量限分别为0.62～0.76?μg/kg和2.06～2.53?μg/kg,加标回收率为82.92%～106.98%。本法具有萃取时间短、试剂用量少、操作简单、绿色环保等优点,可用于粮谷中三嗪类除草剂的分析与检测。     

分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱联用测定水样中的氟喹诺酮类药物

建立了一种分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱联用测定水样中6种氟喹诺酮类药物的方法,采用萃取剂萃取后经氮气吹干再用微量流动相复溶的进样方式,考察了影响萃取效率的因素,包括萃取剂和分散剂的种类、用量、样品pH。结果表明,以500μL三氯甲烷为萃取剂,800μL乙腈为分散剂,调节萃取体系pH为7时,6种氟喹诺酮药物的富集倍数最高可达245倍,检出限为0.075~0.34μg/L。在汉江水、鱼塘水、自来水中的加标回收率为88.6%~109.3%,相对标准偏差不高于5.8%。该方法基质效应小,富集倍数高,并且改善了传统DLLME萃取后的萃取剂直接进样色谱峰变形的缺点。应用于水样中残留氟喹诺酮类药物的检测,灵敏度高、简便、准确。     

超声辅助均相离子液体微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定丹参中的丹参酮

建立超声辅助均相离子液体微萃取-高效液相色谱法(UA-HILME-HPLC)同时测定丹参中的二氢丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮和丹参酮ⅡA。本研究以水溶性离子液体为萃取剂,以水为传递介质,采用超声波辅助提取目标物,通过向提取液中加入离子对试剂形成水不溶性离子液体,离心后发生相分离,取离子液体部分进行高效液相色谱分析。实验结果表明,超声辅助均相离子液体微萃取法的最佳提取条件为:以140μL[C8MIM][BF4]为萃取剂,以1 m L 0.6 mol/L NH4PF6溶液为离子对试剂,样品溶液p H 5.0,初始提取温度50℃,超声提取时间5 min,超声功率200 W。各目标化合物在线性范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r0.9996),检出限和定量限分别为0.02~0.04μg/m L和0.07~0.13μg/m L,日内和日间精密度(RSD)分别低于3.23%和4.57%,样品加标回收率在83.50~96.23%之间。本法集提取、浓缩、分离和纯化为一体,不使用挥发性有机溶剂,具有提取时间短,样品用量少等优点,可广泛应用于药用植物中活性成分的提取分析。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定厚朴中的厚朴酚与和异构厚朴酚

建立一种微波辅助离子液体均相液液微萃取高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,测定了中药材厚朴中的厚朴酚与和厚朴酚。本研究以离子液体为萃取溶剂,样品经微波提取后,向所获得的样品提取液中加入离子对试剂六氟磷酸铵(NH4PF6),采用均相液液微萃取法分离富集目标分析物,并通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行定性定量检测。本研究对影响萃取效率的各个条件进行单因素和响应面优化。实验结果表明,目标分析物在检测浓度范围内具有较好的线性关系(R0.9999),检出限和定量限分别为17.2～3.9ng/g和57.4～79.6 ng/g,样品加标回收率在89.25%～95.00%之间。与传统超声提取法和回流提取法相比,本法在溶剂用量、萃取时间上具有一定的优势,可用于中草药及相关医药产品中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的提取分析。     

苯并咪唑混合离子液体在孔雀石绿及结晶紫检测中的应用

以1-苄基-3-乙基苯并咪唑六氟磷酸盐作为萃取试剂,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐作为辅助溶剂及载体,按照1∶9（V/V）混合,得到混合离子液体。利用混合离子液体液-液分散萃取养殖水及水产品中的孔雀石绿及结晶紫,并优化萃取条件。通过高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测孔雀石绿及结晶紫的含量。结果表明,选择混合型离子液体进行吸附,以乙腈为分散剂,采用液-液分散萃取,在pH值为4～8的环境下对目标物进行萃取,效果良好。孔雀石绿和结晶紫回收率分别为90.16%～93.73%和90.25%～93.88%,相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为1.42%和1.63%。表明所建立的样品前处理方法及检测方法准确度高,可用于孔雀石绿及结晶紫的检测。     

苯并咪唑混合离子液体在孔雀石绿及结晶紫检测中的应用

以1-苄基-3-乙基苯并咪唑六氟磷酸盐作为萃取试剂,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐作为辅助溶剂及载体,按照1∶9(V/V)混合,得到混合离子液体。利用混合离子液体液-液分散萃取养殖水及水产品中的孔雀石绿及结晶紫,并优化萃取条件。通过高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测孔雀石绿及结晶紫的含量。结果表明,选择混合型离子液体进行吸附,以乙腈为分散剂,采用液-液分散萃取,在p H值为4~8的环境下对目标物进行萃取,效果良好。孔雀石绿和结晶紫回收率分别为90.16%~93.73%和90.25%~93.88%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.42%和1.63%。表明所建立的样品前处理方法及检测方法准确度高,可用于孔雀石绿及结晶紫的检测。     

离子液体分散萃取技术在β-激动剂检测中的应用研究

将离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIM][PF_6])作为萃取试剂并建立离子液体分散液-液萃取方法,代替常规的固相萃取过程。对动物源性制品中沙丁胺醇进行萃取,净化。并配合高效液相色谱,荧光检测器进行检测。对动物源性制品中提取的样品前处理条件为:以盐酸溶液+氯化钠溶液+甲醇为样品提取液,离子液体为萃取,净化试剂。采用分散液-液萃取。结果显示离子液体对沙丁胺醇的富集效果良好,药物添加回收率为92.4%~95.8%,方法稳定性强,RSD=1%。灵敏度高,方法检出限为1ng/g。     

微波辅助衍生-离子液体分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱法检测牛奶中氨基糖苷类抗生素残留

将微波辅助衍生法与离子液体分散液液微萃取法相结合,建立了牛奶中链霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉、小诺霉素、阿米卡星和新霉素等7种氨基糖苷类抗生素(AGs)的快速萃取、衍生方法。本研究以氯甲酸芴甲酯(FMOC-Cl)为衍生试剂,1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(Omim]PF6)为提取剂,甲醇为分散剂,将微波辅助衍生和离子液体分散液液微萃取相结合,使目标化合物被衍生的同时被萃取和富集到离子液体中,并通过高效液相色谱荧光检测器进行定量检测。实验结果表明,各化合物在线性范围内具有较好的线性关系(r0.9989),检出限为0.11~0.57μg/L。加标样品回收率在91.95~106.33%之间,其RSD为1.39~5.92%。本法操作简单,灵敏度高,结果可靠,可广泛应用于牛奶样品中氨基糖苷类抗生素的检测。     

基质固相分散-乙腈/盐双水相萃取结合高效液相色谱法检测蔬菜中的苯脲类农药残留

建立一种简单、高效的基质固相分散-乙腈/盐双水相萃取法,用于提取、净化、富集蔬菜样品中残留的灭草隆、绿麦隆、敌草隆和利谷隆4种苯脲类除草剂,并通过高效液相色谱对目标分析物进行分离和测定。本研究以硅胶为分散剂,以乙腈水溶液为洗脱剂,采用基质固相分散法处理蔬菜样品,随后向洗脱液中加入K₂HPO₄,在盐析作用下诱导乙腈/盐双水相体系形成。取一定体积的上相溶液进行色谱分析。结果表明,在线性范围内各目标化合物具有良好的线性关系(r>0.9988),检出限与定量限分别介于0.9~1.5和2.9~4.9 μg/kg。日内和日间精密度分别介于1.7%~8.6%和4.0%~9.8%,加标回收率在84.3%~118.8%之间。本法集提取、净化和富集为一体,避免了离心、旋蒸、回溶等操作步骤,具有净化效果好、提取效率高、实验成本低等优点,可用于蔬菜中苯脲类除草剂的分离与检测。     

基于低共熔溶剂的液液微萃取技术测定食用油中的新烟碱类杀虫剂

利用合成的低共熔溶剂（deep eutectic solvent,DES）作为液液微萃取技术中的萃取剂,利用超声波辅助分散,建立高效液相色谱测定食用油中4?种新烟碱类杀虫剂（噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫啉）的方法。首先将合成的DES加入到含有目标分析物的食用油（正己烷稀释）中,进行超声辅助分散加速提取,然后离心,吸出上层液体,再用微量注射器吸取DES富集相（下层）进行液相色谱分析。根据单一变量法,对影响萃取效率的一些因素进行优化,如DES的种类和体积、超声萃取时间、离心时间等。在最佳条件下,回收率在81.9%～98.0%之间,相对标准偏差为5.5%～8.3%（n=5）,检出限范围为3.2～5.3?μg/L,定量限范围为10.8～17.7?μg/L。并且应用所建立的基于DES超声辅助分散液液微萃取方法检测食用油实际样品大豆油、葵花籽油、亚麻籽油中的新烟碱类农药。此方法提取和浓缩一步完成,避免了毒性较大的有机溶剂的使用,具有快速、简单、有效等显著优点。     

Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Following High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Fungicides in Fruit Juices

This paper described an ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine fungicides in fruit juices. In this method, 1-hexyl-3-methyli-midazolium hexafluorophosphate (HMIMPF₆) was used as extraction solvent, which dispersed into the fruit juices under vigorously shaking with the vortex. The effects of experimental parameters, such as extraction solvent volume, disperser solvent and its volume, vortex time, centrifugation time, sample pH, on the extraction efficiency were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the linear correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9902 to 0.9979 for concentration levels of 0.02–2 mg l^?1, the extraction recoveries were ranged 66.2–92.9 % except pyrimethanil (39.5–44.6 %), The relative standard deviations (RSDs; n?=?6) ranged from 2.2 % to 11.6 %, and the limits of detection (LODs) for the fungicides were between 3.1 and 10.2 μg l^?1. Two real samples including apple and grape juices, spiked at two concentration levels were analyzed and yielded recoveries ranging from 71.3–93.1 % and 65.4–87.7 %, respectively.     

Preconcentration and Trace Determination of Chromium Using Modified Ionic Liquid Cold-Induced Aggregation Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction: Application to Different Water and Food Samples

An efficient microextraction procedure based on modified ionic liquid cold-induced aggregation dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (M-IL-CIA-DLLME) was developed for trace determination of chromium in water and food samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and it was used for speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water samples by using Na₂SO₃ as the reducing agent. A mixture of water-immiscible 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Hmim][PF₆]) ionic liquid (IL) (microextraction solvent) and ethanol (disperser solvent) were directly injected into a heated aqueous solution containing bis(2-methoxy benzaldehyde) ethylene diimine as a Schiff’s base ligand (chelating agent), hexafluorophosphate (NaPF₆; as a common ion) and Cr(III). Afterwards, the solution was placed in an ice-water bath and a cloudy solution was formed due to a considerable decrease of IL solubility. After centrifuging, the sedimented phase containing enriched analyte was determined by FAAS. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear over the range of 2–50 μg?L^?1 with limit of detection of 0.7 μg?L^?1. The accuracy of the present methodology was tested by recovery experiments and by analyzing a certified reference material. Relative standard deviation (RSD %) was 2.7 % for Cr(III). The proposed method was successfully applied for trace determination of chromium in water and food samples.     

Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactant Extraction Coupled with Magnetic Dispersive μ-Solid Phase Extraction for the Determination of Phthalate Esters in Packaging Milk Samples by HPLC

A highly selective sample cleanup procedure combining ionic liquid-based surfactant extraction (ILSE) and magnetic dispersive μ-solid phase extraction (MD-μ-SPE) was triumphantly developed for the synchronously extraction of four phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in packaging milk samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). In this ionic liquid (IL)-based surfactant method, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C₈MIM] [PF₆]) was used as extraction solvent, anionic surfactant sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) was used as auxiliary extraction solvent, and then sodium chloride (NaCl) was mixed to drive phase separation. The synthesized hydrophobic diatomaceous earth-supported Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (DSMNPs) were applied as an efficient adsorbent to retrieve the analyte-containing IL and LAS. Under the optimal extraction situations, good linearity of the approach was obtained in the concentration range from 10 to 1000 ng/mL for target analytes, and the preconcentration process was rapidly accomplished in 5 min. The limits of detection (LODs) based on a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 3) were ranged from 1.42 to 3.57 ng/mL with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) over the range of 1.84–3.56% (n = 5). The above-mentioned method was applied to the trace analysis of four PAEs including benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) in packaging milk samples, and recoveries were between 89.8 and 99.7%.     

QuEChERS-DLLME-高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中溴虫腈和氟虫腈残留

建立同时检测蔬菜中溴虫腈和氟虫腈残留的QuEChERS-分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱方法。样品用乙腈溶液提取,硫酸镁和氯化钠盐析后,加入N-丙基乙二胺和石墨化碳吸附净化,分散液液微萃取富集,用SunFire-C18反相色谱柱分离,以甲醇和水作为流动相梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器进行测定,外标法定量。并考察萃取剂和分散剂的类型及体积和萃取时间对萃取效率的影响。该方法在3.0～460 μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（R2）不小于0.998 6,检测限0.70～0.86 μg/kg。3 个不同加标水平的平均回收率为90.5%～108.5%。相对标准偏差小于10%。结果表明,该方法简便、准确、并且成本较低,适用于蔬菜中溴虫腈和氟虫腈农药残留的测定。