Oracle Spatial中基于电子地图的路径寻优预处理研究

电子地图不能直接用于路径寻优,从研究电子地图的绘制方式出发,首先基于路层创建一个虚拟点层,然后根据虚拟点层对路层中满足合并、分解条件的路段进行合并、分解,再对基于预处理路层和虚拟点层建立用于路径寻优的路网图,最后根据电子地图将用户输入的起点与终点映射到虚拟点层上,得到用于路径寻优的起点和终点。给出了Oracle空间数据库中分解路层,合并路层,建立路网图和映射起点与终点的具体算法,并通过仿真验证了它们的正确性。     

采用双向搜索在多权值路网中查找较优长路径

求解最短路径是图研究中的一个经典问题。目前大多数相关研究都假设图中每条边只有一种权值。然而在实际应用中,有时候图中的边设有多种权值,求解最短路时需要综合计算多种权值,并采用用户自定义的聚合函数f将路径的多种权值映射到一个实数上,用以比较路径的长短。当f不是线性函数时,最短路的子路不一定也是最短路,于是大部分求解最短路的算法对此问题并不适用。文中提出了一种双向搜索方法,用以在多权值路网中求解最短路近似解。实验表明,本方法适用于长路径查询。与单向搜索相比,该方法有较高的运行效率。与基于Dijkstra算法的贪心算法相比,该方法有较高的准确率。     

改进的基于元胞自动机扩展模型的图的最短路径算法

在基于元胞自动机单源点到单节点图的最短路算法的基础之上,通过改进控制演化的终止条件和记录演化过程中的路径信息,提出了单源点到多节点的元胞自动机扩展模型求解图的最短路算法模型，将该算法应用于城市道路交通网的实证研究之中,可以得到路段上任意两端点之间的最短路径及路权。     

基于Floyd算法的多重最短路问题的改进算法

路径分析是网络分析最基本的问题,其核心是对最短路径的求解。Floyd算法是一种求取最短路的经典算法。分析发现,两点间可能存在多条权重相同的最短路径,而这一点Floyd算法没有涉及。以无向联通图为研究对象,设计了基于Floyd求解多重等价最短路算法,并分析计算了一个实际算例。计算结果表明,基于Floyd的多重等价最短路算法可以有效解决多重等价最短路问题。     

基于规则的最短路径查询算法

最短路径查询是图数据管理中非常重要的一类问题.研究了基于规则的最短路径查询,它是一类特殊的最短路径查询问题.给定起点和终点,基于规则的最短路径查询是指找到一条从起点到终点的最短路径,使得此路径经过用户指定点集中的所有点,并且某些点的访问顺序满足一定的偏序规则.该问题被证明是一个NP-hard问题.目前已有的工作侧重于空间数据集（两点之间的最短距离用欧氏距离表示）上基于规则的最短路径问题,它采用穷举的方式列出所有满足规则的路径,然后选择长度最小的路径作为问题的解.然而在实际的道路交通网中,两点之间的距离等于两点之间的最短路径的长度,它往往大于两点之间的欧氏距离;此外,采用穷举的方式会造成大量重复的计算.因此,设计了一种前向搜索算法以及一些优化技术来求解该问题.最后,在不同的真实数据集上设计了大量的实验来验证算法的有效性.实验结果表明,该算法可以快速给出问题的解,而且算法的效率在很大程度上超过了现有的算法.     

移动机器人最优路径规划方法

针对移动机器人路径规划效率低的问题,提出了一种基于改进的最短路径快速算法的移动机器人最优路径规划方法。该方法在障碍Voronoi图基础上根据规则将起始点与终点加入该图以得到无碰撞路径图,然后采用改进的最短路径快速算法搜索从起始点到终点的最优无碰撞路径。仿真结果表明,采用该改进算法后,移动机器人能够沿着最优无碰撞路径前进,快速达到终点。     

过必经点集且具有额外硬约束的最短路径算法

求解过必经点集的最短路径问题已有多种算法,但其应用到在具有额外硬约束限定条件的场景时存在不足。针对此类问题,提出一种基于深度优先搜索发展的随机搜索算法,由使用者依据现场情况给出数学描述,建模抽象为无向带权图表示;依据路径规划要求定义相关变量,包括路径规划的起点、终点、必经点集以及额外硬约束条件,图信息和节点信息以邻接矩阵的形式保存;搜索过程中对路径的可行性加入额外硬约束条件进行实时判定,最终获得最短路径解。实验仿真和实测结果表明,该算法能有效规避额外硬约束条件下的中间路径,生成合理的最短路径,改善相关问题的可求解性。     

经过指定的中间节点集的最短路径算法

目前研究最短路径的算法,多数只是针对从起点出发到达终点的情况。如果限制这条最短路径必须要经过某些指定的中间节点,则现有的一些算法就不再适用了。基于Dijkstra算法和贪心理论,给出了解决此类问题的方法。将相关节点集拆分成三个子集,分别求连通三个子集的局部最短路径,进而形成全局待选最短路径,通过筛选得到目标路径。通过理论分析算法的时间复杂度和实际编程实验确认了该算法的有效性。     

路网信息不完备条件下的动态最短路搜索

针对路网信息不完备性、路网结构特征和驾驶员习惯等因素,研究最短路搜索问题。提出以全局规划和局部规划相结合的动态最短路混合规划方法：全局规划中,基于参数d/l（起终点距离d与平均路段长度l之比）,确定路径搜索区域的椭圆方程,运用Dijkstra算法生成静态的全局最短路径;局部规划中,结合路网结构特征、突发事件影响范围,提出改进Bug算法,以避免车辆进入全局最短路径上发生的紧急事件或严重堵塞区域,实现动态诱导。仿真实验结果表明,混合规划方法能在路网信息不完备条件下实现最短路径动态诱导,有效避开拥堵区域。     

基于遗传算法的曲面最短路径求解

对曲面上两点间最短路径的求解是一个应用非常广泛,但理论求解困难的问题。遗传算法是一种新型的、较成熟的全局随机搜索算法,具有优良的性态。该文将遗传算法引入到曲面最短路径寻优的问题中。首先在离散化的模拟数字高程上依据起点和终点,以实数编码产生一系列初始群体,定义相应的适应度函数,然后对群体进行复制、交叉和变异等操作,求解出一条曲面上两点间的最短路径。在文章的最后给出了一个数值仿真实例来了证明该算法的有效性和实用性。     

Output-threshold coupled neural network for solving the shortest path problems

This paper presents a coupled neural network, called output-threshold coupled neural network (OTCNN), which can mimic the autowaves in the present pulsed coupled neural networks (PCNNs), by the construction of mutual coupling between neuron outputs and the threshold of a neuron. Based on its autowaves, this paper presents a method for finding the shortest path in shortest time with OTCNNs. The method presented here features much fewer neurons needed, simplicity of the structure of the neurons and the networks, and large scale of parallel computation. It is shown that OTCNN is very effective in finding the shortest paths from a single start node to multiple destination nodes for asymmetric weighted graph, with a number of iterations proportional only to the length of the shortest paths, but independent of the complexity of the graph and the total number of existing paths in the graph. Finally, examples for finding the shortest path are presented.     

Estimating graph distance and centrality on shared nothing architectures

We present a parallel toolkit for pairwise distance computation in massive networks. Computing the exact shortest paths between a large number of vertices is a costly operation, and serial algorithms are not practical for billion‐scale graphs. We first describe an efficient parallel method to solve the single source shortest path problem on commodity hardware with no shared memory. Using it as a building block, we introduce a new parallel algorithm to estimate the shortest paths between arbitrary pairs of vertices. Our method exploits data locality, produces highly accurate results, and allows batch computation of shortest paths with 7% average error in graphs that contain billions of edges. The proposed algorithm is up to two orders of magnitude faster than previously suggested algorithms and does not require large amounts of memory or expensive high‐end servers. We further leverage this method to estimate the closeness and betweenness centrality metrics, which involve systems challenges dealing with indexing, joining, and comparing large datasets efficiently. In one experiment, we mined a real‐world Web graph with 700 million nodes and 12 billion edges to identify the most central vertices and calculated more than 63 billion shortest paths in 6 h on a 20‐node commodity cluster. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new parallel and distributed shortest path algorithm forhierarchically clustered data networks

This paper presents new efficient shortest path algorithms to solve single origin shortest path problems (SOSP problems) and multiple origins shortest path problems (MOSP problems) for hierarchically clustered data networks. To solve an SOSP problem for a network with n nodes, the distributed version of our algorithm reaches the time complexity of O(log(n)), which is less than the time complexity of O(log ² (n)) achieved by the best existing algorithm. To solve an MOSP problem, our algorithm minimizes the needed computation resources, including computation processors and communication links for the computation of each shortest path so that we can achieve massive parallelization. The time complexity of our algorithm for an MOSP problem is O(m log(n)), which is much less than the time complexity of O(M log² (0)) of the best previous algorithm. Here, M is the number of the shortest paths to be computed and m is a positive number related to the network topology and the distribution of the nodes incurring communications, m is usually much smaller than M. Our experiment shows that m is almost a constant when the network size increases. Accordingly, our algorithm is significantly faster than the best previous algorithms to solve MOSP problems for large data networks     

A scheduling algorithm for applications in a cloud computing system with communication changes

This paper proposes a scheduling algorithm to solve the problem of task scheduling in a cloud computing system with time‐varying communication conditions. This algorithm converts the scheduling problem with communication changes into a directed acyclic graph (DAG) scheduling problem for existing fuzzy communication task nodes, that is, the scheduling problem for a communication‐change DAG (CC‐DAG). The CC‐DAG contains both computation task nodes and communication task nodes. First, this paper proposes a weighted time‐series network bandwidth model to solve the indefinite processing time (cost) problem for a fuzzy communication task node. This model can accurately predict the processing time of a fuzzy communication task node. Second, to address the scheduling order problem for the computation task nodes, a dynamic pre‐scheduling search strategy (DPSS) is proposed. This strategy computes the essential paths for the pre‐scheduling of the computation task nodes based on the actual computation costs (times) of the computation task nodes and the predicted processing costs (times) of the fuzzy communication task nodes during the scheduling process. The computation task node with the longest essential path is scheduled first because its completion time directly influences the completion time of the task graph. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed algorithm via simulation experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed DPSS produced remarkable performance improvement rate on the total execution time that ranges between 11.5% and 21.2%. In view of the experimental results, the proposed algorithm provides better quality scheduling solution that is suitable for scientific application task execution in the cloud computing environment than HEFT, PEFT, and CEFT algorithms.     

一种面向城市复杂路网最短路径提取的定向收敛算法*

为提高城市复杂路网最短路径提取的效率,针对路网数据量大、结构密集等特点,研究了路网节点之间最短路径的分布特征,通过引入收敛点方式,设计并实现了一种面向复杂路网最短路径快速提取的定向收敛算法。为检验该算法的有效性,利用某城市道路交通网络进行了实验和分析,并与Dijsktra算法、A*算法等比较,证实了该算法能够提高路径搜索效率,且随着城市路网规模的扩大定向收敛算法的高效性将愈加明显。     

基于半边数据结构的最短路径算法及其实现

在分析传统最短路径算法数据结构的基础上,提出并实现了一种以半边数据结构存储网络拓扑数据的最短路径算法。该算法充分利用半边数据结构存储格式紧凑、操作直观高效等方面的优点,采用较传统方法不同的路径检索方式,实现了快速计算网络中任一结点到其他所有结点的最短路径。实验表明,基于半边数据结构的最短路径算法可以大幅度提高网络中最短路径的计算效率,其性能在网络结点显著增多时愈加明显。     

基于节点多样性的域内路由保护算法

已有的路由保护方案都没有考虑网络中节点的重要程度,然而在实际网络中不同节点在网络中的重要程度是不相同的。针对该问题,提出一种基于节点多样性的域内路由保护算法（intra-domain routing protection algorithm based on node diversity,RPBND）。计算节点构造以目的为根的最短路径树（shortest path tree,SPT）,从而保证RPBND算法和目前互联网部署的路由算法的兼容性;在该最短路径树的基础上构造特定结构的有向无环图（directed acyclic graph,DAG）,从而最大化路由可用性。实验结果表明,RPBND极大地提高了路由可用性,降低了故障造成的网络中断时间,为ISP部署域内路由保护方案提供了充分的依据。     

求解k条最优路径问题的遗传算法

文章提出的任意两点间k条最优路径问题的遗传算法,采用节点的自然路径作为染色体编码,根据路径节点的连接实施染色体的交叉操作,将节点路径块作为染色体的变异基因块实施变异操作。算法结构简明,收敛速度快,可应用于求解大规模网络中的多条最优路径问题。