深基坑开挖的大变形有限元分析

本文建立了基于初始构形的大变形增量有际元方程，讨论了非线性方程的求解过程，在此基础上，首次运用大变形理论对深基坑开挖过程中的大变形问题进行了研究，作为对比，也进行了相同材料模型下的小变形理论分析，通过了对比分析，从数值结果上分析了用小变形理论研究基坑变形问题时，可能会产生的误差，并以此定量地确定了大，小变形理论适用范围。     

爆炸冲击作用下加筋板结构变形研究

为了预报加筋板结构在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的变形程度，将加筋板的变形分为整体变形和局部变形，借助数值计算拟合了两者能量分配关系，进而提出了爆炸冲击作用下加筋板结构变形的理论计算方法，并与实验结果进行比较，结果吻合较好。     

回采巷道围岩变形控制技术

本文主要介绍了对回采巷道围岩变形产生影响的主要因素，并在此基础上讨论了控制变形的途径及方法等等，展望了一些回采巷道围岩变形的控制技术。     

青松水电站引水隧洞工程岩体变形特性探讨

对青松水电站工程岩体变形特性进行了探讨，岩体受压后的变形机理特性可分为三种变形类型，第一：应力-变形曲线呈直线型；第二：应力-变形曲线呈上凹型；第三：应力-变形曲线呈上凸型。     

回采巷道围岩变形控制技术

本文主要介绍了对回采巷道围岩变形产生影响的主要因素，并在此基础上讨论了控制变形的途径及方法等等，展望了一些回采巷道围岩变形的控制技术。     

1500带钢加热炉炉门系统改造的研究与应用

我国已经成为全球最大的钢铁生产国和消费国，钢铁业高速膨胀也造成了我国的能源紧张，制约了钢铁工业的持续发展。钢铁行业竞争激烈，各公司为提高自身竞争力，采用各种手段降低成奉，其中最常用的手段是使用先进的设备、先进的控制技术、先进的生产工艺和规模经营。我国钢铁业消耗的能源占整个工业总量的10％，能源消耗比发达国家高15％-20％，节能不仅是企业降成本、提高产品市场竞争力的重要途径，更是企业必须承担的促进全社会资源永续利用的重要责任。本文主要讲述的是莱钢带钢1500炉门防变形制作与应用，经过改进后的炉门装置大大节约了成本，利于操作，并根据现场生产流水线要求进行了适应性的改进，提高了设备运行系统的稳定性，提高了设备使用寿命，对降低设备故障率起到了积极的作用，为莱钢做强做大及调整产品结构目标的实现提供了有效的保障。     

低碳双相钢丝热处理与冷拉拨变形的组织观察

对２０双相钢线热处理与拉拨变形的组织进行了观察，结果表明，随亚温淬火温度的升高，双相组织中马氏体的亚结构由孪晶型变成位错型，两相的变形能力和拉拨性能都得到改善，变形量是影响位错数量及在双相组织中形成错胞的主要因素。     

包装装潢中汉字字体变形与汉字标准化

按照我国《标准化法》的规定,我国实行国家标准、行业标准、地方标准和企业标准四级标准管理体制。新中国成立后，为了适应经济建设发展的需要，国家语言文字工作委员会于1956年公布了《汉字简化方案》；1964年公布了《汉字简化字总表》；1988年国家语言文字工作委员会与国家新闻出版署联合发出了《关于发布〈现代汉语通用字表〉的通知》，这一系列规范性文件，是我国在汉字标准化管理方面特殊形式的国家标准。九届人大审议通过的，从2001年1月1日起施行的《国家通用语言文字法》是贯穿上述特殊形式国家标准新的法律保障。改革开放20年来，…     

变形镁合金的研究进展

镁合金由于具有质量轻、比强度和比刚度高以及良好的铸造性能等特点，在理论研究和实际应用上引起了人们极大的关注。近年来，世界各国纷纷致力于镁合金的研究开发。本文综述了国内外主要的变形镁合金材料的基本特性、力学性能和应用领域，介绍了目前变形镁合金材料的研究现状和进展，以及制备高性能变形镁合金材料的新工艺，探讨了镁合金的合金化原理和主要合金元素在变形镁舍金中的作用。     

变形镁合金材料的研究进展

综述了变形镁合金及其变形特性，讨论了镁合金的高温塑性、变形镁合金的热处理、晶粒细化原理，简单介绍了变形镁合金的应用领域及发展前景。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。