Cu-Fe-Cr原位复合材料中的纤维相

通过感应熔炼、铸造、锻造和冷拔变形制备了Cu-16Fe-2Cr(质量分数,％)原位复合材料,最终线材(其轧制后的冷拔变形量达到η=ln(A_0/A)=5.42,A_0和A分别为冷拔起始和冷拔后线材的横截面面积)的抗拉强度为980 MPa。将Cu基体选择腐蚀后提取出纤维,采用SEM和TEM观察分析纤维相组织形态。在较低的应变量时,一些Fe—Cr纤维保持着与铸态树枝晶相同的bcc单晶结构,选区电子衍射表明纤维已经形成了〈110〉织构。在较高的应变量时,单根Fe-Cr纤维分为一些由晶界隔开的平行亚单元(宽度约为100 nm),通过亚单元共同的[110]衍射获得了晶粒之间的相对取向关系,相邻晶粒的偏差角在11°—82°之间。根据Hall-Petch关系讨论了原位复合材料的强度问题。     

模具外角对等通道转角挤压纯铝变形过程的影响

模具外角对等通道转角挤压(ECAE)变形过程影响较大,文章利用有限元软件(MSC.Marc)模拟研究了模具外角对ECAE过程中等效应变、变形机理的影响。模拟结果表明,模具外角Ψ>0°～30°的范围内,等效应变的分布较为均匀;当模具外角Ψ>30°时,等效应变的分布越来越不均匀;当模具外角Ψ=0°～90°范围内逐渐增大时,试样的变形机理由单一剪切变形逐渐变为剪切变形与弯曲变形相结合的复合变形行为。为了验证模拟结果,对大尺寸纯铝进行了等通道转角挤压实验(模具内角Ф=90°,模具外角Ψ=30°),纯铝实验应变值的分布与大小和模拟应变值的分布与大小近似吻合。由光学显微组织可知,经ECAE挤压一次后,变形试样组织较为均匀,晶粒得到一定程度细化。     

连续柱状晶组织CuNi10Fe1Mn合金变形行为的各向异性

研究了连续柱状晶组织Cu Ni10Fe1Mn合金板试样沿平行柱状晶生长方向(SD)和垂直柱状晶生长方向(PD)拉伸时的力学性能和变形行为,讨论了连续柱状晶组织各向异性对合金力学性能和变形行为的影响.研究结果表明:试样沿SD和PD均具有[100]择优取向,但沿SD所有晶粒的取向均分布于[100]附近,平均Taylor因子m值约为2.17,而沿PD部分晶粒的取向分散于[001]-[011]之间,具有一定的取向分散性,m值约为2.93.低取向分散性、无横向晶界约束等组织特征使试样沿SD变形时应力分布均匀,各晶粒沿拉伸方向变形一致,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为85和215 MPa,断后伸长率达到42%,具有典型韧性断口;由于存在一定的取向分散性和横向晶界,使得PD试样变形时出现明显的晶界应力集中和表面凹凸起伏,屈服强度明显增加,为115 MPa,断后伸长率下降至36%,具有混合型断口.连续柱状晶组织Cu Ni10Fe1Mn合金的晶粒取向和晶界分布的各向异性是造成变形行为各向异性的原因.     

Cu-20vol%(Fe-Cr)原位复合材料中Cr元素的作用

通过冷拔变形制备了Cu—20vol％(Fe—Cr)和Cu—20vol％Fe原位复合材料，研究了Cu—20vol％(Fe—Cr)中Cr元素的作用。结果表明，Cr元素主要存在于增强相Fe中，铜基体中几乎是不含Cr的。Cr元素固溶强化增强相比，使Fe—Cr相比Fe相具有更高的硬度。在拉拔变形过程中，Fe—Cr相比Fe相的纤维细化困难，在同等冷拔变形量时，Fe—Cr纤维比Fe纤维要宽。Cr元素的加入使Cu—20vol％(Fe—Cr)具有比Cu—20vol％Fe更高的力学稳定性。     

冷拉变形铜-铬双相合金的组织形态演变

通过冷拉变形结合中间退火的方法把Cu-Cr双相合金制备成纤维增强原位复合材料,用扫描电镜和高分辨透射电镜观察Cu-Cr双相合金在不同应变量下的组织形态变化.结果表明,随着应变量的增大,在垂直于拉拔方向上等轴状Cu相晶粒逐步细化,粒状Cr相晶粒逐步变薄,成为弯曲、扭折的薄片状;在平行于拉拔方向上Cu相与Cr相均逐渐伸长成纤维状.纵、横截面综合来看,Cu-Cr双相合金经冷拉变形后转变为丝状Cu纤维和丝带状Cr纤维的复合材料.Cu-Cr两相界面匹配关系为(111)Cu//(011)Cr,为共格或半共格界面;当应变量η=6.4时,纤维的长轴方向//[111]Cu//[011]Cr//拉拔轴.变形过程中Cu纤维形成了<111>织构,Cr纤维形成了<011>织构.     

形变Cu基原位复合材料热稳定性研究

利用光镜和扫描电镜观察了形变Cu 3Ag 10Cr原位复合材料 (η =3 95 )退火时Cr纤维形态的变化 .研究发现 ,Cr纤维不稳定性表现为四个阶段 :纵向分裂、圆柱状化、断开、球化和粗化。分析了其机理并测定了断开动力学曲线。     

双模晶体相场研究六方四方相变过程晶界和位错演化

对于晶粒,晶界,应力和位错的交互作用的深入理解有助于优化材料组织和提升材料性能。本文采用双模晶体相场法研究六方相向正方相的转变。分别针对倾侧角为0°,15°,30°,和 45°,晶粒取向差为6°的六方相体系做了系统研究。六方晶粒长大、溶合、并形成共格晶界,位错组沿六方晶界均匀分布,并有两种取向。正方相在位错组处形核,并且其取向取决于位错组取向。每一种倾侧角的体系种均形成两个取向正方相的变体。针对倾侧角为0 °,15°,30°,和 45°的六方相体系生成的四方相相变体之间的取向差分别为30°, 30°, 10°, 和5°。不同取向的正方相晶粒长大熟化的方式有差异,位于有利取向的晶粒将会优先生长占据主导地位。以共格晶界形式长大的晶粒,晶界处有位错组生成以松弛晶粒长大的应力集中。     

典型Fe-Cr-Al及Ni-Cr-(Fe)系电热合金丝的显微组织与织构

选取了两类典型电热合金丝材成品进行了检测,对比分析了合金丝的显微组织及织构,包括Fe-Cr-Al系的国产0Cr25Al5合金与进口0Cr22Al5合金和Ni-Cr-(Fe)系的国产Cr20Ni80合金与Cr20Ni30合金。结果表明:进口Fe-Cr-Al合金的平均晶粒尺寸相对较大,晶粒尺寸分布较为均匀,而织构较弱;国产0Cr25Al5合金的平均晶粒尺寸均匀程度较差,而较粗的样品平均晶粒尺寸较大且织构稍弱,接近于进口Fe-Cr-Al合金,表明较粗的丝材制备形变量较小。Ni-Cr-(Fe)系的合金均表现为不均匀的晶粒组织,而Cr20Ni80合金相较于Cr20Ni30合金的大尺寸晶粒更多;减小合金丝材的直径有细化组织作用,同时还能增强两种Ni-Cr合金丝中均存在的<111>丝织构。     

种子层(Ni0.81Fe0.19)1-xCrx成分及厚度对Ni0.81Fe0.19薄膜磁性和微结构的影响

用直流磁控溅射方法制备了性能优良的以(Ni0.81Fe0.19)1-xCrx为种子层的Ni0.81Fe0.19薄膜,研究了种子层成分及厚度对薄膜磁性和微结构的影响,结果表明当种子层(Ni0.81Fe0.19)0.63Cr0.37厚度为5.5 nm时,Ni0.81Fe019(20.0 nm)薄膜的各向异性磁电阻(AMR)值为(2.53±0.06)%;当Cr的含量为0.36时,Ni0 81Fe0.19(60.0 nm)薄膜的AMR值为(3.35±0.06)%.AFM及XRD研究表明不同厚度缓冲层(厚度分别为2.8,5.5和8.3 nm)的Ni0.81Fe0.19(20.0 nm)薄膜表面平均晶粒尺寸基本都为35.2 nm,但其111织构相差很大,AMR值最大时,对应的111衍射峰最强;不同Cr含量(分别为0.28,0.36和0.41)的Ni0.81Fe0.19(60.0 nm)薄膜表面平均晶粒尺寸和111衍射峰相差都很明显,AMR值最大时,对应地薄膜表面平均晶粒尺寸最大,Ni0.81Fe0.19111衍射峰也最强.     

6016铝合金冷轧显微组织和织构的研究

本文章采用基于EBSD的取向成像技术和SEM的二次电子像和XRD衍射技术,深入研究了6016铝合金冷轧组织和织构的演变规律和机理。结果表明：随着冷轧道次的增加,晶粒沿轧向方向不断伸长,不同晶粒变形不均匀现象先出现后又逐渐消失,链状排列的二相粒子由于金属塑性流变而不断被压碎;小角度位错界面随着变形量增加而不断增多,中低应变量时与轧向呈约40°角度,大应变量时由于变形而诱变成大角度界面,使变形晶粒发生碎化;冷轧初始阶段晶粒通过整体协调转动而形成较多的变形织构,进一步变形时靠近晶界的区域和晶粒内部某些区域相对原始取向易发生向β取向线的偏转,正是这几种偏转导致宏观上以S织构为首的变形织构不断增多,而Cube织构不断减少。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.