动脉导管未闭手术后再通的介入封堵

目的:评价动脉导管未闭(PDA)手术后再通行介入封堵的临床疗效。方法:PDA手术后再通患者3例,降主动脉侧位造影显示PDA最窄处直径分别为2.0mm、2.5mm和5.0mm,均经静脉途径行封堵治疗,术后超声心动图随访。结果:3例患者均成功封堵,随访无残余分流,1例患者术前彩色多普勒超声检查有左心室扩大、二尖瓣和主动脉瓣反流,3个月后复查左心室较前缩小、瓣膜反流减轻。结论:PDA手术后再通行介入封堵是安全可行的方法。     

国产蘑菇伞型封堵器封堵巨大动脉导管未闭的可行性研究

目的探讨采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大动脉导管未闭(PDA)的可行性。方法全组15例,其中男3例,女12例,年龄21±8(16～46)岁。PDA最窄处直径为16±3mm(13～22mm),均采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经股静脉途径对PDA进行封堵。封堵前后行主动脉弓降部造影并测定肺动脉压力。封堵成功者分别于术后1周、1个月和6个月复查超声心动图。结果15例巨大PDA选用的封堵器直径为23±4mm(18～32mm),封堵后30min主动脉弓降部造影均显示主-肺动脉水平仅有经封堵器孔眼的微量到少量残余分流。封堵后13例患者肺动脉收缩压峰值较封堵前有不同程度下降(70±29mmHgvs113±21mmHg,P<0.05,1mmHg=0.133kPa),2例因试封堵后肺动脉压力升高而放弃封堵。无一例发生严重并发症。封堵成功者术后复查超声心动图,其中11例于术后1周、1例于术后1个月残余分流消失,另1例于术后6个月时残存少量分流。结论采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大PDA是一种安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

房间隔缺损伴下腔静脉缺如的介入封堵治疗

目的:探讨房间隔缺损(房缺)伴下腔静脉缺如的介入封堵治疗方法.方法:对3例诊断为房缺伴下腔静脉缺如患者,输送系统沿右髂静脉、半奇静脉、副半奇静脉、肋间最上静脉、左头臂静脉、上腔静脉、右房和左房进行介入封堵方法治疗.结果:3例患者均成功治愈.结论:房缺伴下腔静脉缺如患者如半奇静脉、副半奇静脉、肋间最上静脉发育正常,能够采用介入封堵方法治疗.     

经特殊途径封堵并发下腔静脉异位引流的先天性心脏病的临床分析

下腔静脉异位引流是因为胚胎时期下腔静脉发育畸形导致肝心静脉和主静脉连接阻碍,造成下腔静脉上段缺如使肾段以下体静脉血经奇静脉或半奇静脉引流,通过上腔静脉或其它途径汇入心脏,故又称下腔静脉中断或下腔静脉肝段缺如,其发生率占心血管畸形的0.6%左右。先天性心脏病并发下腔静脉异位引流,常规轨道无法建立,     

青海地区巨大型动脉导管未闭并发肺动脉高压介入封堵治疗临床分析

目的:总结青海地区介入封堵治疗巨大型动脉导管未闭(PDA)并发肺动脉高压的体会。方法:用国产封堵伞封堵巨大型PDA 105例,动脉导管平均直径(16.4±3.2)mm,肺动脉平均压为(63.5±3.9)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),术后随访2个月～8年。结果:本组患者均成功置入国产封堵伞,无术后并发症。术后造影示PDA均完全封堵,7例少量残余漏;术后1周、1、3、6、12个月复查超声心动图提示,98例PDA分流消失,7例有微少量残余漏,肺动脉平均压为(32.0±2.5)mmHg;所有患者心功能均明显改善,活动量明显增加。结论:介入治疗巨大型PDA并发肺动脉高压安全、可靠,近期疗效良好,是一种可优先选择的治疗方法。     

介入封堵治疗房间隔缺损伴下腔静脉缺如一例

目前，国内外临床已广泛采用介入封堵方法治疗房间隔缺损(房缺)、室间隔缺损和动脉导管末闭等，但采用介入封堵方法治疗房缺伴下腔静脉缺如罕见。本报道1例房缺伴下腔静脉缺如，采用介入方法经半奇静脉途径封堵成功。     

经颈内静脉封堵合并下腔静脉肝段缺如的膜部室间隔缺损一例

下腔静脉肝段缺如是一种较少见的先天性异常，合并室间隔缺损更为罕见。我们报道1例经颈内静脉成功封堵合并下腔静脉肝段缺如的室间隔缺损。     

国产封堵器经导管封堵治疗小儿动脉导管未闭33例

目的评估小儿动脉导管未闭的介入治疗的临床效果。方法33例患儿术前经心超等检查证实为PDA,方法是将封堵器经股静脉途径沿输送鞘管送至降主动脉,再回撤将封堵器腰部卡在PDA最窄处。33例均采用国产封堵器。结果33例介入治疗成功。27例术后无分流,6例术后存在极少量分流。随访1～12个月所有患儿无PDA再通、装置移位或肺动脉狭窄。结论在熟练操作技巧的条件下,PDA封堵术安全、创伤小、成功率高、疗效可靠、价格适中,是目前我国导管治疗PDA的较为理想方法。     

高海拔地区动脉导管未闭并发肺动脉高压的介入治疗

目的:评估高海拔地区动脉导管未闭(PDA)并发肺动脉高压介入封堵术的临床疗效。方法:6例PDA并发肺动脉高压患者均采用介入封堵术,术前均行右心导管检查,监测肺动脉压、主动脉压,首先试堵PDA,连续动态监测肺动脉压,只有在肺动脉压下降60%后,才能完全封堵PDA并释放封堵器,并给降压治疗,以巩固疗效。结果:6例PDA并发肺动脉高压患者均一次封堵成功,肺动脉压平均下降68%,动脉血氧饱合度提高,患者自我感觉良好,随访28d~27个月,患者活动量增加,心功能恢复至1~2级。结论:介入封堵治疗PDA并发肺动脉高压安全、有效,近期临床疗效满意,长期疗效有待进一步观察研究。     

高原地区用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭

目的:应用Amplatzer封堵器在高原地区治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)并评价其疗效。方法:本组40例,年龄1.5～44(22.5±14.2)岁,PDA最窄处内径5～14(9.3±3.3)mm,均用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗。结果:19例成功,1例严重阻塞性肺动脉高压不适宜封堵。术后即刻降主动脉造影显示35例封堵完全无残余分流,4例少量残余分流。1例术后1h封堵器脱落入右肺动脉,第3小时急诊外科手术关闭PDA并取出封堵器。24 h彩色多普勒检查显示封堵36例患者均无分流,随访2个月～1年半,无一例分流。结论:高原地区PDA发病率高,并发肺动脉高压早且多,巨大PDA(内径>0.8 cm)比率高,用Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA是高原地区一种适应性强、安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

Transjugular approach to device closure of atrial septal defect in a child with heterotaxia and interrupted inferior vena cava

In heterotaxia syndrome with left atrial isomerism, the distinguishing feature is interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation. We report using a transjugular approach to device closure of an atrial septal defect in an 8-year-old boy with heterotaxia syndrome. We found that device closure of the child's atrial septal defect through a jugular venous approach was safe when an inferior vena cava approach was not possible. To our knowledge, ours is the first report of the use of internal jugular vein access to close an atrial septal defect in a child.     

Transcatheter umbrella closure of congenital heart defects

Between October 1984 and September 1986, we attempted transcatheter umbrella closure, using the Rashkind PDA occluder, of 12 congenital or postoperative cardiovascular defects (other than patent ductus arteriosus [PDA]) in 11 patients. In each, we used the umbrella for closure because the defect was too short and/or too large to close with conventional transcatheter methods. The defects included three post-Glenn venous communications (superior vena cava-right atrium, n = 2; azygos vein to inferior vena cava), four congenital "interatrial defects" producing cyanosis ("coronary sinus" septal defect, left superior vena cava to left atrium, patent foramen ovale, left inferior vena cava to left atrium), and five non-PDA systemic-to-pulmonary arterial communications (two congenital and three postoperative). Ten of 12 defects were embolized successfully; nine had complete or subtotal closure, and one was partially closed. The first attempted closure resulted in embolization of a 12 mm device to a lower-lobe pulmonary artery, without clinical sequelae. No other complications occurred. Clinical improvement was most dramatic in those patients whose cyanosis was relieved and less obvious when pulmonary blood flow was reduced. The Rashkind umbrella device, originally designed for closure of PDA, considerably expands the list of congenital or operative defects that can be closed nonsurgically.     

Cardiac catheterization through the internal jugular vein in pediatric patients. An alternative to the usual femoral vein access.

The percutaneous femoral vein approach is used routinely for cardiac catheterization in the pediatric age but in some children, it may be impossible as in the case of iliac vein or inferior vena cava thrombosis due to previous cardiac catheterization, or inconvenient as for right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies. In the period between 1982 and 1990, 160 cardiac catheterizations or right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies were performed in 102 children. Patients ranged in age between 2 months and 17 years (mean, 3.8 years) and in weight from 3.2 to 57.3 kg (mean, 14.4 kg). Indications for the internal jugular vein approach were as follows: (1) thrombosis of the inferior vena cava due to previous cardiac catheterization in 42 patients (41 percent); (2) right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy after cardiac transplant in 19 patients (19 percent); (3) control catheterization of the pulmonary arteries following classic or bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis in 16 patients (16 percent); (4) superior vena cava obstruction following Mustard's procedure in 14 patients (14 percent); (5) failed percutaneous femoral venous approach in six patients (6 percent); and (6) absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava in four patients (4 percent). The right or left internal jugular vein could be entered in all but three procedures (98 percent). Seventeen patients had more than one procedure through the same internal jugular vein and the vein was found patent in all. A complete right heart cardiac catheterization was performed using this route. Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy and interventional procedure were performed through this route. Two major complications occurred. A patient developed a central transient ischemic attack and another patient developed a persistent Horner syndrome. Accidental carotid puncture occurred in five patients without consequences. Our data indicate that cardiac catheterization in infants and children can be performed safely through the internal jugular vein, with a high success rate and a low incidence of major complications.     

Budd-Chiari syndrome as a late complication following closure of an atrial septal defect

A case of a Budd-Chiari syndrome in a 19-year-old female patient is reported who had undergone surgical closure of a secundum atrial septal defect 13 years before. 8 months before the development of the Budd-Chiari syndrome she started to take oral contraceptives. The clinical picture of the Budd-Chiari syndrome developed within several days. The inferior vena cava did not fill with contrast dye when an angiography was performed using the right vena iliaca approach. The contrast dye disappeared through collateral veins (vena azygos, vena hemiazygos). After 4 days of treatment with systemic streptokinase she underwent open-heart surgery. The orifice of the inferior vena cava was occluded to a diameter of 6 mm. No thrombi were found. The lesion was corrected with two patches, one in the right atrium and the other in the inferior vena cava. This case report demonstrates that a Budd-Chiari syndrome is a possible late complication after closure of an atrial septal defect which should be treated by surgery.     

Axillary vein approach for pulmonic valvuloplasty in infants with iliac vein obstruction

Repeated pulmonic balloon valvuloplasty from the axillary vein was performed in two infants with initial transvalvular gradients of 131 and 162 mm Hg. The first angioplasty was performed through the femoral vein and improved the valve gradient in both patients. Because of obstruction of the iliac system the axillary vein approach was used for the second angioplasty. The transaxillary pulmonic valvuloplasty decreased the gradient to acceptable levels, and no complications were noticed. The axillary vein approach can be the alternative to the femoral one in cases with obstructed iliac system or interrupted inferior vena cava.     

Successful Percutaneous Closure of a Secundum Atrial Septal Defect through Femoral Approach in a Patient with Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava

Percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD II) is considered the treatment of choice in the majority of cases. Interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation can make delivery of the occluder difficult or not possible. Transjugular, transhepatic approach or surgery can be the alternative. We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with ASD II and interrupted inferior vena cava, and describe successful atrial septal defect closure under transesophageal echocardiography guidance through transfemoral approach using a modification of the standard technique.     

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of an accessory pathway through an anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation.

A 59-year-old man with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and an infrahepatic interruption of his inferior vena cava with an azygos continuation underwent a successful ablation of a right anteroseptal accessory pathway with a femoral approach through the azygos vein and superior vena cava.     

多排螺旋CT在检出右侧肾上腺静脉应用价值的初步探讨

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT(MDCT)对右侧肾上腺静脉检出率及右侧肾上腺静脉解剖结构显示情况。方法:402例行MDCT腹部三期增强扫描的患者,由两个不同的影像科医师观察其右侧肾上腺静脉轴位像和三维重建图像,进而评价右侧肾上腺静脉的情况。评价要点:可视化程度;右侧肾上腺静脉的直径与长度;与副肝静脉和其他静脉间的关系;右侧肾上腺静脉的位置及与周围结构间的关系,与下腔静脉的方向关系。结果:402例患者检出右侧肾上腺静脉338例(84.1%),其中,有31例(9.2%)右侧肾上腺静脉与副肝静脉共干,右侧肾上腺静脉开口位于胸11~腰1之间。另307例患者中,在横断面上右侧肾上腺与下腔静脉横方向关系为向后和向右的占282例(91.9%),向后和向左的占25例(8.1%);在垂直面上右侧肾上腺朝向下腔静脉尾侧有292例(95.1%),头侧为15例(4.9%)。在这338例患者中,右侧肾上腺静脉的长度和直径分别为平均(3.8±1.7)mm和(1.7±0.6)mm。结论:MDCT有较高检出右侧肾上腺静脉的能力,并能大致显示其解剖特征,包括它的位置和与周围结构的关系。     

Two cases of malignant tumors of the inferior vena cava

The malignant tumors of the inferior vena cava are rare. Their prognosis is bad. We report two cases of a 17-year-old and 46-year-old woman presenting the one an intimal sarcoma of the inferior vena cava and the other a metastatic of adenocarcinoma whose primary tumor was not identified. The aortic wall was invaded in both patients. The ureter repulsed in first case, was invaded in second case. The treatment consisted on resection of the tumor including the aortic wall with vein closure in both patients, with right nephrectomy in second patient. In the two cases, a prosthetic reconstruction of the arterial integrity was attempted with aortobiiliac bypass. The two patients died after relapse tumorous to the 6th month in first patient and by multisystem organ failure 5th day post-operative in second. Through these two personal cases, we try to point out the difficult problem of diagnosis that put these tumors and their bad prognosis despite an improvement of treatment.     

Azygos continuation of interrupted inferior vena cava in association with sick sinus syndrome

Various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of the right side of the heart and the systemic venous system have increased the need for ready access to the inferior vena cava (IVC) through the transfemoral route. Anatomical variations or obstruction of the IVC can make these procedures difficult. The case of 47 year old woman with an interrupted infrahepatic IVC with azygos continuation accompanied by sick sinus syndrome and a structurally normal heart is reported. Negotiating a temporary pacing lead from the IVC to the right atrium was difficult. Ultimately, the lead took the course from the IVC to azygos vein to superior vena cava to right atrium to right ventricular apex. Permanent VVI pacing through the right subclavian route was uneventful, as the superior vena cava and its tributaries had a normal course. An awareness of the existence of these anomalies before pacing can lead to the use of an alternative route for pacing, which may avoid undue delay of an otherwise urgently needed procedure.