家用电器用高抗冲聚苯乙烯色粒研制成功

中国燕山石化公司承担的国家重点科技攻关项目——家电专用高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)色母粒的开发,已通过国家鉴定验收。该项目的完成,改变了中国色母粒产品完全依赖进口的局面,可提高中国家电、电子产品的外观质     

含铝复合推进剂燃烧过程数值模拟

在固体推进剂AP/HTPB燃烧模型基础上,针对含铝复合推进剂,建立包含金属燃料铝的三明治热流耦合气相稳态燃烧数值模型,研究含铝复合推进剂燃烧火焰结构与燃烧特性。仿真结果表明,含铝复合推进剂燃烧火焰结构基本符合BDP三火焰结构模型,同时随压强升高,沿着AP/HTPB及HTPB/Al物质界面形成高温扩散火焰带,峰前火焰不断靠近燃烧截面。     

TiO2纳米薄膜厚度对CdS纳米柱阵列 光电化学性能和稳定性的影响

利用水热合成法在导电玻璃表面上原位生长CdS纳米柱阵列（CdSNRA）,然后通过浸渍提拉法在其表面涂覆TiO₂纳米薄膜,制备CdSNRA@TiO₂异质结复合结构材料。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、紫外可见光吸收、拉曼光谱等手段对其形貌和结构进行表征。进一步考察了TiO₂薄膜厚度对CdSNRA@TiO₂复合结构光电极的光电化学性能的影响。结果表明,覆盖50 nm 厚TiO₂层的CdSNRA复合结构光电极在可见光下具有更好的光电性能和稳定性,这归因于CdSNRA核和TiO₂壳之间光生电子和空穴的有效分离。     

钢-泡沫铝-纤维复合结构抗冲击性能数值分析

采用数值模拟的方法研究了冲击荷载作用下钢-泡沫铝-纤维复合结构(以下简称复合结构)的动力响应特性,并着重考察了面板厚度和芯层厚度对复合结构抗冲击性能的影响,寻找其规律,比较分析同质量复合结构中前置钢板与泡沫铝材料质量比重对其冲击性能的影响,寻找前置钢板与泡沫铝最优质量比,并对这种复合结构进行优化设计,为工程实际提供数据依据。结果表明,一定质量范围内,增加钢板厚度对复合结构抗冲击性能的提升要优于同质量泡沫铝,但钢板与泡沫铝存在一个质量最优比,在平面尺寸9.2 m×9.2 m、120 t级的复合结构(PE纤维和后置钢板定量)中这个最优比在0.97:1附近。相同平面尺寸150 t级的复合结构,最优比在0.75:1～0.83:1之间,考虑工艺要求和造价,选择前置钢板9.5 cm、泡沫铝54 cm时综合性能更好,可以抵抗300 m/s初始速度弹体,具有一定安全储备,其重量只有钢筋混凝土结构的1/5.67,体积只有钢筋混凝土结构的17%且抗冲击性能较其更优越。     

Preparation and characterization of KF-KCl/SiO2 composite materials

采用混合烧结工艺将相变材料KF-KCl和陶瓷材料SiO₂进行复合,并添加聚乙烯醇作为黏结剂、B₂O₃作为烧结助剂,成功制备出一种陶瓷基复合结构储热材料。通过试验,确定了复合材料的烧结程序以及最佳的烧结温度。XRD分析表明,由KF-KCl/SiO₂构成的复合结构储热材料各物质之间具有良好的化学相容性;TG-DSC分析表明,复合材料在591.7 ℃时出现吸热峰,相变潜热是157.4 J/g。该复合材料具有储热密度高、无需容器盛装等特点,可以实现高温储热。     

多孔金属和方柱复合结构池沸腾数值模拟研究

针对一种多孔金属和方柱复合结构,采用双粒子分布函数格子Boltzmann方法对其池沸腾传热进行数值模拟研究。分别调整了下部方柱的柱宽/槽宽(W/D)、柱高H和上部多孔层的厚度,分析了不同结构的沸腾换热曲线和传热机理。流场和温度场分别用密度分布函数和温度分布函数来描述,底部固体采用定压边界条件。研究发现,方柱-多孔层复合结构可以有效的强化沸腾换热。结果表明,低热流密度下,具有较小的W/D的结构换热表现更好,高热流密度下,较大的W/D换热表现更好;换热效果随结构柱高H的增大而增加;多孔层厚度的变化对整体结构的强化效果影响不大。     

月桂酸-肉豆蔻酸/膨胀石墨封装复合相变储能材料的制备及表征

以月桂酸-肉豆蔻酸(LA-MA)低共熔酸为芯材,膨胀石墨(EG)为担载材料,利用熔融吸附法制备LA-MA/EG复合相变材料。采用有机无机复合硅溶胶对其包封定形,得到LA-MA/EG封装复合相变材料用来改善相变过程中液态脂肪酸的渗漏问题,并通过SEM、FT-IR和DSC对该封装复合相变材料的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:LA-MA/EG封装复合相变材料的潜热和相变温度为119.5 J/g和31.2℃;封装材料并未引起新生成物的出现,且可明显抑制脂肪酸的渗漏现象;加速热循环后的封装复合相变材料仍可保持良好的储能性质。     

简单实用的太阳能电热一体化组件

简要介绍了温度对太阳电池性能的影响和太阳电池散热及光伏光热综合利用模式.研究了水冷扁盒式不锈钢结构和水冷管板式铜铝复合结构的光伏热转换技术及太阳能电热联产一体化(PV/T)组件的设计制造及性能.通过测试对比表明:水冷管板式铜铝复合PV/T组件简单实用,具有推广价值.     

炭化活化温度对活性炭-CaCl2复合吸附剂性能的影响

为研究并开发高性能的吸附剂,本文以CaCl₂和杉木木屑为原料,采用炭化活化造孔的方法制备复合吸附剂,考察了炭化活化温度对复合吸附剂性能的影响,炭化活化温度分别选择400℃、500℃、600℃和700℃。扫描电镜照片和元素分布图表明,复合吸附剂具有发达的孔隙结构而且CaCl₂分布均匀。NH₃吸附性能实验表明,吸附剂4 h的NH₃吸附量随炭化活化温度的升高而增加。而对于吸附制冷而言,500℃炭化活化温度下制备的复合吸附剂具有最好的性能,其30 min的吸附量达到0.488 g/g。     

KF-KCl/SiO_2复合材料的制备与储热性能表征

采用混合烧结工艺将相变材料KF-KCl和陶瓷材料Si O2进行复合,并添加聚乙烯醇作为黏结剂、B2O3作为烧结助剂,成功制备出一种陶瓷基复合结构储热材料。通过试验,确定了复合材料的烧结程序以及最佳的烧结温度。XRD分析表明,由KF-KCl/Si O2构成的复合结构储热材料各物质之间具有良好的化学相容性;TG-DSC分析表明,复合材料在591.7℃时出现吸热峰,相变潜热是157.4 J/g。该复合材料具有储热密度高、无需容器盛装等特点,可以实现高温储热。     

Structural optimization of graphite for high-performance fluorinated ethylene–propylene composites as bipolar plates

This paper presents a novel method of structural optimization by using graphite particles ranging in size from 35 to 500 μm to fabricate conductive fluorinated ethylene–propylene composites for high-temperature bipolar plates. To investigate the effects of dispersion and packing density, the large graphite particles were decorated with fluorinated ethylene–propylene powders by ball milling, and the master batch of well-dispersed small graphite particles and polymer master batch was mixed with large graphite particles. The resulting fluorinated ethylene–propylene/graphite composite bipolar plates, which contained 65 wt% graphite, exhibited high electrical conductivity of 550 S cm^?1. In particular, by modulating the electrical transportation paths between the large graphite particles with the well-dispersed fluorinated ethylene–propylene/graphite master batch, the orientation and dispersion of the graphite particles in the matrix resulted in enhanced electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. The preparation of structurally optimized fluorinated ethylene–propylene/graphite composite bipolar plates with well-dispersed graphite particles of different sizes provides a robust and scalable strategy for realizing high-performance and large-area bipolar plates.     

Morphology,mechanical, and rheological behavior of microcellular injection molded EVA–clay nanocomposites

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites diluted from master batch (50 wt.%) with EVA and EVAgMA was used in this study. The organoclay EVA nanocomposites were then injection molded by conventional and microcellular methods. Nitrogen was used as the blowing agent. The effect of organoclay content and MA grafted EVA on the morphology and the mechanical and rheological properties of the EVA–clay nanocomposites were then investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties (tensile and impact) increased as the clay content increased. Cell size decreased as the clay loading increased. The EVAgMA nanocomposites had better mechanical properties than the EVA nanocomposites. XRD results showed that the EVAgMA nanocomposites have an exfoliated layered structure while the EVA nanocomposites are intercalated. Rheological results showed the viscosity is clay loading dependent and that the shear thinning effect occurs at high shear rates.     

Significant thermal energy reduction in lactic acid production process

Lactic acid is widely used as a raw material for the production of biodegradable polymers and in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The global market for lactic acid is expected to reach 259 thousand metric tons by the year 2012. For batch production of lactic acid, the traditional process includes the following steps: (i) esterification of impure lactic acid with methanol in a batch reactor to obtain methyl lactate (ester), (ii) separation of the ester in a batch distillation, (iii) hydrolysis of the ester with water in a batch reactor to produce lactic acid and (iv) separation of lactic acid (in high purity) in a batch distillation. Batch reactive distillation combines the benefit of both batch reactor and batch distillation and enhances conversion and productivity (Taylor and Krishna, 2000 [1]; Mujtaba and Macchietto, 1997 [2]). Therefore, the first and the last two steps of the lactic acid production process can be combined together in batch reactive distillation (Fig. 1) processes. However, distillation (batch or continuous) is an energy intensive process and consumes large amount of thermal energy (via steam). This paper highlights how significant (over 50%) reduction in thermal energy consumption can be achieved for lactic acid production process by carefully controlling the reflux ratio but without compromising the product specification. In this paper, only the simultaneous hydrolysis of methyl lactate ester and the separation of lactic acid using batch reactive distillation is considered.     

改性沥青混合修补路面施工工艺

介绍了高速公路改性沥青混合料修补水泥混凝土路面施工中材料组成,混合料配合,设备选用等方面情况,以及在施工中的经验总结。     

Dynamic simulation of a cryogenic batch distillation process for hydrogen isotopes separation

The operational flexibility of cryogenic batch distillation may propel its application in the Isotope Separation System of the fusion reactor. The batch distillation, unlike continuous distillation, is not a steady-state process. In order to obtain improved separation efficiency, a reasonable dynamic model of batch distillation should be developed. In this paper, dynamic simulations of the batch distillation separation process of a hydrogen-deuterium mixture were performed utilizing Aspen Plus and Aspen Dynamics. The validity of the established simulation model was firstly verified by our experimental results. Following that, two dynamic control structures, i.e., composition control and temperature control, were added to improve the recovery efficiency of batch distillation light component products. In comparison with the distillation without dynamic control structure, the distillation with composition control and temperature control can improve the H₂ recovery ratio by 5.45% and 5.09%, respectively.     

A new decomposition approach for the thermal unit commitment problem

In this paper, we propose a new formulation based on benders decomposition approach to solve the thermal unit commitment (UC) problem. In the proposed approach, the UC problem is decomposed into a master problem, which is an integer optimization problem, and a subproblem, which is a nonlinear optimization problem. The proper on/off states of the generating units are found by solving the master problem using the mixed-integer programming method. The subproblem utilizes the solution of the master problem to form appropriate cuts and returns the cuts to the master problem for running the next iteration of the UC problem. In both optimization problems, corresponding constraints are exactly modeled. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, simulation results are compared with the results obtained by other methods.     

风电场过程数据采集与监控系统的开发

介绍了沈阳工业大学开发的风电场远程监控系统,并对基于面向对象编程技术的风电场远程数据采集与监控系统软件包的组成与主要功能进行了阐述。     

安钢烧结环冷机低温余热发电工程

介绍了安阳钢铁股份有限公司360m^2和400m^2烧结环冷机余热发电系统的基本情况和组成，对该系统的设计特点和存在的问题进行了分析，并提出了一些建议。     

A resource-task network approach for optimal short-term/periodic scheduling and heat integration in multipurpose batch plants

This article aims to integrate the task scheduling and heat recovery problems into an unified framework for multi-purpose batch processes. The batch scheduling formulation is extended from the continuous Resource-Task Network (RTN) formulation which was originally proposed by Castro et al. [P.M. Castro, A.P. Barbosa-Póvoa, H.A. Matos, Optimal periodic scheduling of batch plants using RTN-based discrete and continuous-time formulations: a case study approach, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 42 (2003) 3346–3360; P.M. Castro, A.P. Barbosa-Póvoa, H.A. Matos, A.Q. Novais, Simple continuous-time formulation for short-term scheduling of batch and continuous processes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43 (2004) 105–118]. Besides the integrated heat recovery and short-term batch scheduling, a full set of heat-integrated periodic scheduling for batch processes, which is more useful in industrial environments, is also presented. The heat-integrated batch scheduling problem can be formulated as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP), where the new formulation can also be solved in standalone or heat-integrated modes by user’s preferences. In the heat-integrated mode, the processes can be precisely defined while keeping the operation flexibility with slightly expanded model size. Two literature examples are demonstrated to show the efficiency and flexibility of the model.     

水泥厂余热发电技术在我国的应用

本文阐述了我国水泥厂余热发电技术的发展历史,几代余热发电系统的组成及参数特点,在我国的应用及今后我国余热利用的发展方向。