浓厚型酵母抽提物对5款鸡精调味料呈味肽影响研究

该研究分析了浓厚型酵母抽提物对鸡精调味料中呈味物质的影响,结果表明:鸡精中谷氨酸钠和呈味核苷酸二钠(I+G)的含量及比例与其鲜味强度直接相关,其他氮中的呈味肽类含量及分布与其浓厚味、回味直接相关。添加1%的浓厚型酵母抽提物(YE)可使5款鸡精调味料中分子量为180～400 Da, 400～1000 Da, 1000～2000 Da,≥2000 Da的含量分别提升37.1%、96.6%、71.4%、12.0%,由感官评价结果可知,鸡精调味料的浓厚味、回味得到明显提升。     

浓厚味酵母抽提物产品分析及其在鸡精复合调味料中的应用研究

浓厚味酵母抽提物(YE)产品相比普通酵母抽提物含有更多的呈味多肽成分,具有浓厚、饱满和协调的特征风味,能增加产品浓厚口感,赋予产品更协调、美好的风味。该研究通过仪器分析、应用对比试验、感官品评等方法,分析了浓厚味YE的呈味成分,并研究了浓厚味YE在鸡精复合调味品中的应用。结果表明:浓厚味YE呈游离状态的氨基酸只有10.93%,分子量180～1000Da的小分子肽类占比大于70%。通过在鸡精中添加浓厚味YE与对照样品进行对此分析,添加了浓厚味YE的鸡精样品鲜味柔和协调,延续性好,同时能提升产品的香气,增强肉感和浓厚感,综合口感得到提升,同时产品具有较好的抗吸潮效果。     

酵母抽提物对原酿黄豆酱呈味物质的影响研究

通过自动电位滴定、高效凝胶过滤色谱等方法研究了1%添加量的3款纯品型和3款5'肌苷酸二钠＋5'鸟苷酸二钠（I+G）型酵母抽提物（YE）对原酿黄豆酱中游离氨基酸、5'-呈味核苷酸、小分子肽等呈味物质和感官评价的影响。结果表明,1%添加量的纯品型酵母抽提物YE3、I+G型YE4以及I+G型YE5分别能明显提升原酿黄豆酱的丙氨酸、谷氨酸、5'-呈味核苷酸等鲜味物质的含量,提升效果分别为90%、27%、63倍;纯品型YE2可使分子质量为400～1 000 Da的小分子肽提升64%,并在口感上对应的体现出提鲜、淡咸、抑苦、增厚和协调整体口感等应用效果,应用效果较好的是3款I+G型酵母抽提物。     

复合调味料添加酵母抽提物减盐前后风味的变化

通过感官评价对增强鲜味型酵母抽提物-A（YE-A）、基础鲜味型酵母抽提物-B（YE-B）和浓厚味型酵母抽提物-C（YE-C）的呈味特点、减盐效果进行分析,复配出一款专用型酵母抽提物-D（YE-D）,达到协助鸡精及薯条复合调味料实现减盐的作用,并研究减盐前后复合调味料口感及风味的变化。结果表明,在鸡精复合调味料减少20%、30%食盐的情况下,使用酵母抽提物-D（YE-D）可较好的保持其口感及风味;在薯条复合调味料减少40%食盐的情况下,使用酵母抽提物-D（YE-D）结合一定量氯化钾,可显著增强薯条的口感及风味。     

酱香酵母抽提物的特征风味物质分析

为了探究酱香酵母抽提物(YE)的特征风味物质，该研究采用气质联用(GC-MS)技术对2种酱油和11种酱香YE的挥发性风味物质进行检测，通过偏最小二乘(PLS)法确定各类挥发性风味物质对酱香风味的贡献值以及酱香YE的特征风味物质，并将酱香风味和评分最佳的YE-3应用于酱油酿造中，对比应用前后样品的酱香风味和滋味。结果表明，醇酚类、醛类和其他类的含量与酱香风味呈正相关，酸类和吡嗪类的含量与酱香风味呈负相关；酱香YE的特征风味物质主要为糠醇、5-甲基-2-呋喃甲醇、苯乙醇、愈创木酚、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、乙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸。添加酱香YE-3可以提升酱油原油的酱香香气、鲜味、咸味和浓厚味，分别提升了17.5%、34.8%、24.8%和36.6%。     

安琪酵母抽提物(YE)及其在食品调味品中应用

酵母抽提物(YE)是一种优良的天然调味料,在食品调味品行业中具有广泛的用途。文章简要介绍了安琪酵母抽提物(YE)的发展状况,综述了酵母抽提物(YE)应用新进展。     

安琪酵母抽提物及其在食品调味品中的应用

酵母抽提物(YE)是一种优良的天然调味料,在食品调味品行业中具有广泛的用途.该文简要介绍了安琪酵母抽提物(YE)的发展状况,综述了酵母抽提物(YE)应用新进展.     

商品化酵母抽提物中风味活性化合物的综合定量分析及其应用特性研究

多种气味及滋味化合物共同决定了酵母抽提物(YE)独特的风味特性,进一步决定了不同YE的应用特性。利用GC-O-MS、HPLC技术,对市场上的6款商品化YE中的挥发性化合物及不挥发性化合物(糖、有机酸、氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、肽)进行了全定量分析;随后,结合气味及滋味感官鉴评,评价不同种类风味化合物对YE感官知觉的影响。最后,对不同商品化酵母抽提物的应用特性进行评价和研究。结果发现:挥发性化合物方面,不同厂家生产的YE在气味活性化合物方面具有较大的差异。吡嗪类主要贡献了YE中对肉味有贡献的烤香香韵。而3-甲基丁醛、乙酸和酮类分别提供了YE的焦苦味、酸味和奶油味。不同香韵的分布还表明酵香可能是青香/焦苦香、烤香/坚果香/甜香之间的复合风味。不挥发化合物方面,糖类、大部分氨基酸类、核苷酸类、除琥珀酸、乳酸的有机酸类在1%YE用量下TAV值均小于1,未单独对YE溶液滋味做出贡献。对不挥发物的相关性分析表明,300~2000Da分布肽段对浓厚滋味具有贡献,而Glu主要贡献了YE鲜味,且鲜味与浓厚味有正相关作用。Ala可以贡献YE甜味,而一系列的苦味氨基酸与苦味具有很强烈的正相关作用。另外,苦味主要与鲜味、浓厚味、酸味有负相关关系,表明了苦味与这些滋味具有此消彼长的关系。     

基于酵母抽提物的预制鱼香肉丝配方优化及挥发性成分分析

为探究不同酵母抽提物在预制鱼香肉丝菜品中应用效果，通过单因素实验和正交实验优化酵母抽提物、食盐和味精添加量对预制鱼香肉丝感官特性的影响，确定最佳制备工艺参数。工艺优化结果表明：酵母抽提物YE-1、食盐和味精添加质量比均为0.5%时预制鱼香肉丝菜品感官评分最高。基于此工艺配方，采用GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱联用)技术测定鱼香肉丝菜品和调味料包挥发性风味物质成分，菜品中检测出65种挥发性风味成分，调味料包检测出39种。醛类、醇类为菜品主要风味物质，菜品和调味料包在酯类及烯烃类物质上存在较大差异。研究结果可为酵母抽提物在预制菜品中应用提供理论支持和参考。     

KOKUMI型酵母抽提物在黄豆酱中的品质提升研究

通过应用对比实验、感官品评的方法,对KOKUMI系列的酵母抽提物及其在黄豆酱中的应用进行分析,对比不同KOKUMI型酵母抽提物(YE)对黄豆酱风味提升的作用与各自展现的特点。通过在黄豆酱中添加YE01#(属KOKUMI系列)、YE02#(属KOKUMI系列)与空白对照样品进行对比分析,添加了YE01#酵母抽提物的样品展现出鲜味强度高、风味醇厚感强、口感协调性好的特点;添加了YE02#酵母抽提物的样品展现出酱香风味浓和提升醇厚味、辅助提升鲜味、口感协调性好的特点;空白对照样品的出酱香、醇厚味与口感协调性相比前两者表现较弱;添加了KOKUMI型酵母抽提物的黄豆酱展现出酱香、醇厚味与口感协调性的风味特点。     

调味品减盐增鲜的研究进展

调味品是食品调味过程中的必需品,同时也是人体摄入盐分的主要来源。盐摄入过多会带来健康隐患,但减盐会降低食品的咸味和鲜味,从而降低食品品质。本文综述在减盐同时保证咸味、鲜味及其协调性的技术手段。减盐技术包含减少钠盐添加量、非钠盐替代物及增强咸味感知等方法,增鲜技术包含添加酵母抽提物、鲜味肽及鲜味氨基酸和肽的衍生物等方法。此外,乳酸菌、美拉德反应中间体、增味剂、呈味肽等的应用亦可达到减盐增鲜的双重效果。减盐增鲜技术的应用能够促进调味品行业的发展,但这些技术尚存在基础研究不足、实际应用较少、应用范围较窄、生产成本高等问题,解决这些问题是当前所面临的主要困难。本文详细阐述调味品减盐增鲜技术的基本原理、特点、目前研究存在的不足等,提出未来可能的发展方向,以期为调味品的减盐增鲜研究提供参考。     

紫苏复合调味酱加工工艺的研究

以紫苏粉为主原料,添加辣椒粉、孜然粉、茴香粉、蒜粉、食盐等辅料,研制成一种具有特殊风味的紫苏复合调味酱.通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定紫苏复合调味酱的最佳配方及生产工艺,结果表明紫苏粉15％、辣椒粉3％、食盐8％、孜然粉2％、茴香粉1％、大蒜粉1.5％、小麦淀粉5％、白砂糖2％、食用油35％、黄原胶0.15％、白芝麻5...     

酵母抽提物的不同添加方式对藜麦膨化粉感官品质、味觉特性和挥发性风味物质的影响

分别将酵母抽提物(YE)在挤压膨化前后添加到藜麦粉中得到YE藜麦膨化粉和YE+藜麦膨化粉,利用味觉分析系统、GC-MS等方法分析藜麦膨化粉、YE藜麦膨化粉和YE+藜麦膨化粉的味觉特性及挥发性风味物质,并进行感官评价.结果 表明:与藜麦膨化粉相比,YE+藜麦膨化粉的香味浓郁,感官评分较高,苦味、涩味、苦味回味、涩味回味显...     

Bitter-tasting hydrophobic peptides prepared from soy sauce using aqueous ethanol solutions influence taste sensation

In this study, bitter-tasting hydrophobic peptides were prepared and purified from soy sauce using aqueous ethanol solutions and ion exchange resin, and analysed using RP-HPLC and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Most of bitter fraction from soy sauce was obtained by treatments involving 80% ethanol and subsequent chromatographic separation. This fraction contained sixteen small peptides (molecular weight < 1000 Da; rich in hydrophobic amino acids with Lys-Pro (KP), Glu-Phe (EF), Glu-Val (EV), Asp-Leu (DL), Leu-Trp (LW) and Asp-Pro (DP)) capable of enhancing significantly (P < 0.05) umaminess and/or imparting kokumi effect in taste reconstitution experiments. Thus, the bitter peptides affected bitterness as well as other taste sensations like umaminess, kokuminess and saltiness. This was the first study to report the impacts of the bitter-tasting hydrophobic peptides on soy sauce and solutions of salt, monosodium l -glutamate.     

Retronasal Odor of Dried Bonito Stock Induces Umami Taste and Improves the Palatability of Saltiness

A traditional Japanese umami‐rich stock, dried bonito stock, was reported to improve the palatability of a low‐salt diet due to its characteristic aroma. Two pathways are available for the presentation of odors: the orthonasal and retronasal pathways. Aroma is perceived through the orthonasal pathway. In contrast, retronasal application of odors is thought to evoke different sensations from the orthonasal pathway, which is typically perceived as taste and modifies taste. Therefore, the effect of retronasal odor on salt‐reduction might be different from that of aroma, that is, orthonasal odor. Thus, the effects of the retronasal odor of dried bonito stock on the enhancement and improvement of palatability upon salt reduction were examined using sensory evaluation. Moreover, the contributions to flavor expression and palatability of dried bonito stock were also investigated. Although the retronasal odor of dried bonito did not enhance saltiness, it improved the palatability of saltiness. In the presence of no tastants except 0.68% NaCl, a content 15% less than that of Japanese traditional soup, the retronasal odor of dried bonito generated umami, enhanced the suitability for dried bonito stock, and increased palatability. This indicates that the retronasal odor of dried bonito stock could improve the palatability of a salt‐reduced diet. These findings can be applied to the development of new seasonings for improving the palatability of salt‐reduced foods.     

酵母抽提物协助酱油减盐后对其风味物质的影响研究

该研究通过使用酱香型酵母抽提物（YE）协助酱油减盐,并对减盐前后酱油风味物质的变化进行分析。结果表明,通过减少原油用量直接减盐20%和30%后,酱油的关键理化指标以及游离氨基酸、小分子肽和挥发性芳香成分等风味物质含量均相应损失20%和30%,酱油味也被明显稀释。而酱香型YE协助减盐20%和30%后酱油的游离氨基酸、小分子肽和挥发性芳香成分总量分别可达到减盐前的99.98%～100.78%、98.40%～99.03%和95.66%～97.13%,且酱油味得以恢复,从而实现了酱油的减盐不减味。     

Fat and salt contents affect the in-mouth temporal sodium release and saltiness perception of chicken sausages

In cooked meats, sodium chloride is involved in taste, texture and flavour release. So a reduction in the salt content may have an impact on overall perception and acceptability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of composition on sodium release and saltiness intensity in chicken sausages. The rheological properties of the sausages differed according to composition. Temporal sodium release and temporal saltiness intensity were evaluated by four selected subjects when eating sausages. At each time point, the effect of the salt level in sausages on sodium release was positive and highly significant. The effect of lipids on sodium release was negative. Concerning perception, the amount of salt used had a positive effect on saltiness intensity, and lipids seemed to exert a masking effect. Generally, clear relationships between salt levels, sodium release and saltiness intensity were found but the masking effect of lipids on saltiness intensity probably also involved texture or fat perception mechanisms.     

纳米粉碎对3种食用菌风味特征及减盐增鲜效果的影响

目的：优化食用菌的加工工艺，评估其作为风味剂在食品工业中的应用潜力。方法：使用离子色谱仪和高效液相色谱仪对样品的非挥发性滋味成分含量进行测定，并通过等鲜浓度值来评估样品的鲜味；运用GC-MS、电子鼻和电子舌来检测样本中的挥发性香气成分，观察纳米粉碎前后的微观结构，并进行增鲜减盐试验。结果：纳米粉碎后，大球盖菇和双孢蘑菇的鲜味氨基酸、呈味核苷酸和有机酸含量显著增加，挥发性化合物的种类和数量显著增加，而纳米粉碎对草菇的风味成分影响较小；电子舌结果表明，经纳米粉碎的样品在鲜味和咸味方面均有明显提升，加入0.5%纳米粉碎双孢蘑菇后能够增加0.28%的盐浓度，同时其鲜味值提高了145%。结论：纳米粉碎技术能够提高食品的口感，在食品制造业中可以将纳米粉碎后的食用菌粉作为替代盐和风味增强剂的有效选择。     

Odour–taste interactions: A way to enhance saltiness in low-salt content solutions

This study investigated odour–saltiness interactions in aqueous solutions. In a first experiment, 81 consumers indicated expected taste attributes for 86 labels of flavour related to common food items. Panellists were able to rate expected saltiness of food flavour evoked by food written items. Differences in expected saltiness were observed in relation to actual salt content of food. In experiment 2, we selected commercially available aromas corresponding to 14 of the salt-associated flavour labels found in experiment 1. Odour-induced saltiness enhancement was investigated for odours evoked by these aroma water solutions containing or not sodium chloride. Fifty-nine consumers rated odour and taste (bitterness, sourness, saltiness, and sweetness) intensity orthonasally and retronasally. Results showed that expected flavours could induce saltiness and enhance saltiness in solutions containing a low level of sodium chloride through odour-induced changes in taste perception. These results suggest that well selected odours could be used to compensate sodium chloride reduction in food.