可切除肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的外科治疗

背景与目的 对于肝细胞癌（HCC）合并门静脉癌栓（PVTT）患者而言,手术切除率低,复发率高,预后较差,其治疗方式目前仍有很多争议。笔者总结可切除HCC合并PVTT的外科治疗经验,比较手术与肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）对此类患者的近远期疗效。方法 回顾性分析云南省临沧市人民医院2016年3月—2021年3月收治的39例可切除HCC合并PVTT患者的临床资料,其中23例患者施行手术治疗（手术组）,16例行TACE治疗（TACE组）。比较两组患者的相关临床资料与预后,并分析影响患者预后的因素。结果 手术组除1例肿瘤广泛侵犯仅取材活检,其余均完成手术,无手术死亡;19例示切缘阴性;2例术后肝功能不全,经人工肝及其他支持治疗痊愈出院。TACE组16例肝动脉超选、灌注、栓塞顺利;1例因肝动脉完全栓塞,术后3 d因急性肝衰竭救治无效死亡。手术组8例术后辅助TACE治疗,5例靶向治疗,其中1例I型PVTT患者手术后联合TACE等治疗后仍生存47个月。TACE组13例多次治疗,4例给靶向药物,其中1例II型PVTT患者TACE术后经过7次灌注化疗及栓塞仍然生存25个月。与TACE组比较,手术组住院时间延长、医疗成本增加、术后行TACE的例数更少、术后未做其他治疗的例数以及术后AFP恢复正常的例数更多（均P<0.05）。手术组与TACE组的中位生存期分别为16.2个月与9.5个月;0.5、1、2、3年生存率分别为65.2%、43.5%、34.8%、17.4%与46.7%、33.3.0%、13.3%、0。两组患者中位生存期与累积生存率差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,PVTT分型、甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目与患者术后生存时间有关（均P<0.05）;多因素分析结果显示,治疗方式、PVTT分型、肿瘤直径、AFP水平是患者术后生存时间的独立影响因素（均P<0.05）。结论 PVTT分型、肿瘤直径、AFP水平直接影响HCC合并PVTT患者的术后生存,外科手术切除治疗效果明显好于TACE治疗,尤其是对于可切除HCC合并I/II型PVTT的患者,但治疗选择可能受患者意愿、经济因素等的限制。     

肝癌门静脉癌栓伴肝动脉-门静脉分流的栓塞治疗

目的探讨聚乙烯醇颗粒(PVA)配合碘油乳剂栓塞治疗门静脉癌栓伴肝动脉-门静脉分流(APS)的可行性及疗效。方法对24例原发性肝癌伴有门静脉癌栓伴APS患者进行选择性TACE,根据肿瘤血供特点,采用不同的PVA及碘油乳剂注入方式,对分流血管及肿瘤血供进行栓塞。术后观察APS闭塞情况、肿瘤大小变化、生存期等指标。结果 24例中,23例治疗后APS闭塞;多次治疗后19例肿瘤体积缩小,5例病情进展;3、6、12个月及以上生存率分别为95.83%(23/24)、79.17%(19/24)、79.17%(19/24)。结论 PVA配合碘油乳剂超选择栓塞原发性肝癌并门静脉癌栓伴APS安全有效。     

肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的研究进展

<正>肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是成年人最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在发展中国家发病率最高,由于其术后高复发和高转移率,预后不佳,每年因肝癌死亡人数仍高居世界恶性肿瘤致死率的第3位[1-2]。HCC预后不佳的一个重要原因是肿瘤侵犯门静脉并形成门静脉癌栓(portal vein tumor thrombosis,PVTT),且肝癌患者PVTT形成发生率很     

TIPS治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓及食管胃静脉曲张出血

目的 观察TIPS治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）伴门静脉癌栓（PVTT）及食管胃静脉曲张出血（EGVB）的价值。方法 回顾性分析30例因EGVB接受TIPS的HCC伴PVTT患者，观察TIPS技术成功率、止血率，TIPS前后门静脉压力梯度（PPG），术后再出血率、支架分流道通畅率、相关并发症发生率及患者总生存期（OS）。结果 30例TIPS技术成功率和止血率均为100%；TIPS前后平均PPG分别为（30.9±8.5）mmHg及（20.6±6.3）mmHg，差异有统计学意义（t=11.587，P<0.001）。TIPS并发症包括胆管损伤2例、肝动脉损伤1例、Ⅰ~Ⅱ级肝性脑病5例、Ⅲ级肝性脑病1例；未见肿瘤破裂或术后急性肝衰竭等并发症。随访过程中3例再出血，5例支架分流道闭塞。截至随访末共25例死亡，死因包括感染性休克1例、消化道出血1例、肿瘤进展或肝衰竭23例；中位OS为6.5个月。结论 TIPS治疗HCC伴PVTT及EGVB较为安全，可为后续局部治疗及联合药物系统治疗提供机会。     

肝移植治疗肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的疗效评价

目的 评价肝移植治疗肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓患者的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2006年12月146例行肝移植术治疗肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓患者的临床资料,其中10例患者曾行肝切除术,8例患者围手术期死亡,予以排除.对其余128例患者进行了随访,分析影响患者存活率的相关因素.结果 128例肝移植患者术后中位存活时间为13.0个月,术后6个月、1年、2年累积存活率分别为78.1%、51.6%和29.7%.单因素分析表明,癌栓分级、肿瘤大体类型、肿瘤数目是影响患者预后的主要危险因素;多因素分析显示,癌栓分级和肿瘤数目与患者术后累积存活率具有显著的相关性.结论 现阶段肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的患者行肝移植术远期疗效尚不满意,在供者资源严重短缺的条件下应限制应用.     

肝细胞癌门静脉癌栓形成的临床相关因素

目的 明确肝细胞癌门静脉癌栓(PVTT)形成的临床相关因素.方法 回顾性研究1991年1月至2002年6月实施根治性肝切除、且随访和临床资料完整的234例肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的临床资料,Logistic单因素和多因素回归分析PVTT形成与18个常见临床因素的相关性.结果 234例患者的PVTT发生率为15%(35/234),Logistic单因素回归分析发现PVTT形成的相关因素为:年龄(P=0.016)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT,P=0.003)、侵犯肝段数目(P=0.007)、微血管侵犯(P<0.01)、肿瘤位于S2段(P=0.001)、S3段(P<0.01)、s4段(P=0.004)、S6段(P=0.016);Logistic多因素回归分析发现PVTT形成独立相关因素为:年龄(RR:0.373;95%CI:0.146～0.954;P=0.040)、肿瘤位于S3段(RR:4.625;95%CI:1.916～11.165;P=0.001)、微血管侵犯(RR:20.912;95%CI:4.745～92.172;P<0.01)、GGT(RR:4.091;95%CI:1.448～11.553;P=0.008).结论 PVTT多发生于年龄<50岁、肿瘤位于第Ⅲ段、GGT升高、显微镜下可见微血管侵犯的HCC患者.     

TACE治疗原发性肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓疗效及影响因素

目的探讨TACE治疗原发性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)的疗效及影响因素。方法回顾性分析685例HCC合并PVTT患者的资料,其中475例接受TACE治疗(TACE组),210例接受支持治疗(支持治疗组)。比较2组患者生存时间,采用Cox模型回归分析影响患者预后的因素。结果 685例患者中位生存时间6.3个月,其中TACE组和支持治疗组中位生存时间分别为7.1个月、5.2个月(P=0.002)。TACE组和支持治疗组患者6、12、24个月累计生存率分别为57.30%、27.30%、12.10%和37.90%、12.20%、3.10%。单因素分析显示,Child-Pugh分级、HCC病灶最大径、谷氨酰转肽酶水平、癌栓分型可能是影响患者预后的因素。多元Cox风险比例模型显示,Child-Pugh分级和癌栓分型是影响患者预后的独立因素。Ⅰ、Ⅱ型癌栓患者中,TACE组和支持治疗组中位生存时间分别为7.8个月、5.5个月,2组6、12、24个月累计生存率差异有统计学意义(P=0.001);Ⅲ、Ⅳ型癌栓患者中TACE治疗组和支持治疗组中位生存时间分别为5.3个月、4.5个月,2组6、12、24个月累计生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.662)。结论对HCC合并PVTT患者行TACE治疗有效,影响患者预后的主要因素为Child-Pugh分级和癌栓分型;对Ⅲ、Ⅳ型癌栓患者TACE未见明显获益。     

TACE联合小剂量阿帕替尼治疗肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓

目的观察TACE联合小剂量阿帕替尼治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)合并门静脉癌栓的价值。方法将90例不可手术切除的原发性HCC合并门静脉癌栓患者随机分为治疗组及对照组,其中治疗组38例于TACE治疗后第3天开始口服小剂量(每日250 mg)阿帕替尼;对照组52例接受单纯TACE治疗。术后随访,比较2组间治疗前后甲胎蛋白水平及生存期的差异,分析2组患者的治疗有效率及术后不良反应情况。结果 2组患者TACE治疗的技术成功率均为100%。2组间治疗前甲胎蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(t=20.15,P=0.08),治疗组术后1、3、6、12个月甲胎蛋白水平均较对照组明显下降(P均0.05)。治疗组术后1、3、6、12、24个月肿瘤治疗有效率分别为89.47%(34/38)、84.21%(32/38)、78.95%(30/38)、34.21%(13/38)和10.53%(4/38);对照组分别为75.00%(39/52)、67.31%(35/52)、25.00%(13/52)、3.85%(2/52)和19.23%(10/52)。治疗组患者术后平均生存期明显长于对照组[(17.12±1.55)个月vs (14.21±2.13)个月,P=0.01]。虽然治疗组术后不良反应手足综合征、皮疹、腹泻、腹痛、消化道出血、蛋白尿、血尿、肌酐及尿素氮升高、眩晕、头痛、高血压、红细胞减少、白细胞减少、血红蛋白水平减低、血小板减少、转氨酶升高、胆红素升高的发生率均明显高于对照组(P均0.01),但其中美国国家癌症研究所(NCI)癌症常见毒性反应事件评价标准3级以上者较少。结论 TACE联合小剂量阿帕替尼治疗HCC在控制肿瘤及其合并癌栓进展方面优于单纯TACE,可有效延长患者生存期。     

肝癌合并门静脉癌栓患者术后肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合门静脉化疗的有效性及安全性

目的:探讨肝癌合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)患者术后辅助肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合门静脉化疗(PVC)的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月—2016年1月收治的经手术治疗的119例肝癌合并PVTT患者临床资料,其中64例术中放置门静脉化疗泵,术后行TACE治疗及通过门静脉化疗泵行PVC(TACE+PVC组),5 5例术中未放置门静脉化疗泵,术后行单纯T A C E (T A C E组)。观察两组术后生存及并发症情况。结果:TACE+PVC组与TACE组中位无瘤生存期及中位生存期分别为13.3个月vs.6.8个月、19.5个月vs.12.5个月;术后0.5、1、2、3年的无瘤生存率及71.9%vs.52.9%、57.5%vs.26.7%、16.4%vs.8.2%、6.9%vs.2.1%,总生存率分别为90.5%vs.89.1%、69.5%vs.50.4%、37.9%vs.12.1%、22.4%vs.8.1%,TACE+PVC组的无瘤生存率与总生存率均明显优于TACE组(P=0.004、P=0.001)。统计分析显示,术后治疗方式是患者术后生存时间的独立影响因素之一(P0.05)。两组术后各并发症发生率差异无统计科学意义(均P0.05)。结论:术后辅助TACE联合PVC治疗合并PVTT的肝癌患者安全有效,且效果优于单纯TACE治疗。     

原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓行术后肝动脉化疗栓塞联合门静脉化疗的疗效观察

目的 评价原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓行术后肝动脉化疗栓塞联合门静脉化疗的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2004年12月获得随访的85例行手术治疗和术后化疗的原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓病人,其中64例病人术后仅行肝动脉化疗栓塞(A组),另外21例病人术后行肝动脉化疗栓塞联合门静脉化疗(B组).比较两组病人术后1、2和3年肝癌复发率和生存率.结果 A组术后1、2和3年肝癌复发率分别为56.3%、75.0%和85.9%,B组分别为28.6%、61.9%和81.0%.仅术后1年复发率B组显著低于A组(P<0.05),两组术后2、3年复发率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).A组术后1、2和3年生存率分别为53.1%、43.8%和31.3%,B组分别为81.0%、61.9%和38.1%.B组术后1、2年生存率明显高于A组(P<0.05),两组术后3年生存率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 术后肝动脉化疗栓塞联合门静脉化疗能够明显降低原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓塞病人术后短期复发率,有助于提高近期疗效.     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.