雾霾天气下住宅开窗通风与空气净化联合策略可行性研究

雾霾天气的频繁出现导致关窗并开启空气净化器成为住宅中常用的净化手段,而长时间关窗带来的危害往往被忽视。模拟了雾霾天气下住宅中全时开窗及短时开窗2种开窗方式与空气净化联合使用时对室内细颗粒物(PM2.5)和CO_2浓度的控制情况,结果表明:当室外雾霾在中度污染(室外PM2.5质量浓度200μg/m~3)以下时,可以采取全时开窗与空气净化联合策略控制室内污染物的浓度;当室外雾霾污染严重(室外PM2.5质量浓度300μg/m~3)时,可以采取短时开窗与空气净化联合策略将室内污染物浓度在大多数时间段内控制在限值以下。合理的开窗通风与空气净化联合控制策略为住宅中应对室外雾霾与室内多种污染物提供了一种途径。     

某宿舍开关窗条件下室内外PM2.5浓度变化分析

由于雾霾的影响,PM2.5受到越来越多的关注。文章介绍了在不同天气以及开关窗条件下测试室内外PM2.5浓度随时间变化的情况。室外的PM2.5浓度受天气影响较大。雾霾天气情况下的PM2.5浓度明显高于下雨和晴朗天气下的PM2.5浓度。同时,在开窗和关窗条件下,室内外的PM2.5浓度随时间的变化具有较强的跟随性。室内外的PM2.5浓度最大值常出现在8:00~10:00时间段左右。为研究室内外PM2.5浓度提供一定参考。     

北京市某办公建筑夏冬季室内外PM_(2.5)浓度变化特征

为了把握雾霾天气大气环境细颗粒物PM2.5浓度变化对室内环境的影响规律,项目组先后于2013年6月~8月(夏季)和2013年12月~2014年2月(冬季)对北京地区一办公建筑室内外细颗粒物(PM2.5)质量浓度及I/O比值变化规律进行了实时监测。实测结果表明:1)在建筑外窗关闭、室内无其他污染源且机械通风系统关闭条件下,夏、冬季室内外PM2.5质量浓度的日变化规律均为夜间高白天低,周变化规律为周一~周五呈逐渐上升趋势;2)冬季各月的室内外PM2.5质量浓度水平均高于夏季各月的,对应的室内外PM2.5质量浓度I/O比值也是冬季高于夏季;3)室外风速和空气相对湿度与室内外PM2.5质量浓度存在明显的负相关,而室外空气温度与室内外PM2.5质量浓度水平的变化相关性不明显。     

办公楼室内PM2.5治理设计分析

近年来,雾霾天气频繁发生,空气污染愈加严重,有关PM2.5的信息受到广泛关注.PM2.5具有粒径小和成分复杂等特点,在一定条件下会严重危害人类身体健康.PM2.5的治理不仅限于室外,室内PM2.5的治理也至关重要.由于城市办公族大部分时间待在办公室内,对室内PM2.5的治理便成为了改善城市人居环境的重要一环.该文介绍了室内外PM2.5浓度的相关标准,分析总结了室内PM2.5的治理方法,可为室内PM2.5的治理设计提供一定参考.     

婴儿车PM2.5净化系统的实验与数值模拟

为了保证室外空气质量较差时婴儿的健康出行,一种防雾霾婴儿车被提出,在婴儿车上为婴儿提供一个封闭的洁净空间。空气经过高效过滤网(H13)净化后送入封闭的婴儿车睡篮空间。在确定的睡篮空间及送风参数条件下,实验测定了睡篮空间内无婴儿情况下的PM2.5浓度。实验结果表明,该系统对PM2.5有较好的去除效果,过滤效率可达98.5%。并对有假想婴儿的睡篮空间进行了数值模拟。结果表明,婴儿呼吸区域的PM2.5浓度也能达到优良标准。     

北京室内外PM_(2.5)污染状况及过滤器效率调研

以北京地区某临街办公建筑为研究对象,实时监测室内外PM2.5的计重浓度。通过对检测结果的分析得出:室外PM2.5污染较为严重;室内无污染源情况下,室内外PM2.5质量浓度成正相关、室内PM2.5的质量浓度低于室外;室内外质量浓度比(I/O)随气象参数变化波动范围较大。根据监测结果,为了有效解决集中空调系统室内PM2.5的污染问题,本文对现集中空调系统常用的G4+F7以及G4+F9两种不同空气处理机组的过滤器配置方式进行了实验研究。过滤器性能试验表明,G4+F7和G4+F9两种组合均可有效去除PM2.5。     

屋顶绿化对室外空气净化作用及室内热舒适影响

主要研究了屋顶绿化对建筑室内外环境的影响与改善作用。通过在重度雾霾天气下测试西安某绿化屋顶,以PM2.5、PM10为指标,研究了屋顶绿化在冬季对室外环境的净化及其对雾霾的改善效果。结果显示,所测试的绿化屋顶PM2.5浓度降低了1.8%,PM10的浓度降低了2.3%。同时以PMV-PPD为评价指标,评价了屋顶绿化对室内环境热舒适的影响,并分析了屋顶绿化的节能效果。     

民用建筑室内外PM2.5实时浓度对比指数研究

通过两年时间对南京市及周边地区120余家住宅、办公室、酒店及部分公共场所室内和室外空气中PM2.5浓度进行连续监测,以了解民用建筑室内与室外PM2.5的污染状况,研究室内与室外PM2.5浓度的对比指数关系以及室内PM2.5本底状况。     

冬季高校教室温湿度及PM2.5、PM10变化规律研究

以西安某高校教室为研究目标,运用相关仪器进行实地监测及数据分析的方法,研究了教室内温湿度变化及PM2.5、P M10的变化规律.结果表明:冬季教室内温度的变化与上课时间的安排及课间人员的流动密切相关,冬季节正常天气下教室内湿度与温度两者之间的变化呈现出显著的负相关关系,降雨降雪天气教室内相对湿度变化受室外湿度影响波动较大.室外PM2.5及PM10浓度与室内两者的浓度均有显著正相关性,教室朝向对PM2.5及PM10浓度有较大影响.     

冬季雾霾期间中学教室室内污染物测量与分析

北方地区中小学教室冬季多采用集中供暖或分体空调,教室长时间密闭,室内空气质量对学生学习效率影响较大。本文以济南某中学教室为例,通过对教室和室外大气中二氧化碳浓度、PM2.5浓度、温度以及相对湿度等连续一周的测试,给出了室内外二氧化碳浓度、PM2.5浓度、温度以及相对湿度等参数的相关性变化规律,为雾霾条件下教室内新风量的确定提供了基础数据。     

浅析高速公路工程招投标中的最低评标价法

结合目前高速公路施工项目招投标活动的实际情况,阐述了最低评标价法的概念,归纳了其优点及存在问题,对完善最低评标价法提出几点策略,以期促进招标投标市场更加规范有序。     

Place-Making in Megaprojects in Melbourne

This article analyses state-led place-making practices in Melbourne. The two levels of government that influence planning in Melbourne make much of the city as ‘culturally vibrant’ and ‘creative’, and have incorporated creative city-inspired place-making principles into many layers of the planning system. An examination of the development of two mixed-use megaprojects in central Melbourne reveals however that ideals of culturally engaging public places, and indeed of creative landscapes for middle-class consumption, wither in the face of more basic imperatives for economic development. In these case studies the ‘creative city’, no matter how the idea is interpreted, has little traction either as a set of inclusive place-making principles or as a gentrification strategy. The article concludes that the creative city-inspired place-making objectives in the planning system at both state and local levels are ambiguous in their overall intents and completely unsupported by statutory controls. Such place-making objectives as are realised are the compromised results of the interplay of uncoordinated decisions, delivered at the pleasure of the developer.     

Pathogens in septage in Vietnam

Septage is widely acknowledged as a major source of infectious pathogens while disposal of septage, and the operation and maintenance of septic tanks, is not regulated in many developing countries. Twenty untreated septage and septage sludge samples were taken from Can Tho City, Vietnam to examine their pathogen content, and indicator micro-organisms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in all samples, regardless of sludge storage time. Phages were detected in 80% of samples. Salmonella spp. were detected in 70% of the untreated septage and 60% of septage sludge samples. Concentrations of phages and bacteria tested in septage sludge after many years of tank storage were much higher than the expected levels. Helminth ova were present in 95% of untreated septage samples with an average of 450 ova l^− 1, and were detected in all septage sludge samples with an average of 16,000 ova l^− 1. Twelve varieties of helminth ova were identified. More helminth ova varieties in higher concentrations were found in septage than those reported from stool samples. The varieties' frequency ranged from 10% to 50% and Ascaris lumbricoides predominated. Results show that pathogens and indicator micro-organisms, especially helminth ova, accumulate in sludge. Thus helminth ova should be considered when septage sludge is treated and used for agriculture. Proper health protection measures must be applied for people handling septage.     

新时期广东城市化的新特点

新时期广东城市化出现以下特点:知识源导向、城市由单体向群体化发展、产业集群推动、政府主导自上而下的集约化发展、城镇化向城市化转变、由重“数量”发展向重“质量”发展的转变。     

在市场中实践在实践中学习在学习中进步--工程公司市场化进程的回顾与展望

近两年来，工程公司在提高市场竞争意识、推动市场化进程中做了大量工作，其中坚持走出去的方针是我们自我加压、推行加快市场化步伐的一个重要战略步骤。     

新形势下高校强化基建财务管理的探讨

在市场条件下高校基建财务人员在加强日常财务管理的同时,必须树立起高度的工作责任心,抓好事前监督、事中监督、事后监督三个环节,全面理解、贯彻执行《高等学校财务制度》,管好用好各项基本建设资金,提高基建财务管理水平,更好地完成高校各项基建任务,以有限的投资,最快的建设速度,获得最大的投资效益。     

Experiences in radon-safe building in Finland

A study was made of radon-safe buildings in 300 Finnish low-rise residential buildings using data obtained from a questionnaire study. The study also aims at finding the main defects in design and implementation and how the guidance given on radon-safe buildings in slab-on-grade houses has been followed. According to the guidelines, the prevention of the flow of radon-bearing air from the soil into the house is recommended to be carried out through installation of aluminised bitumen felt and use of elastic sealants. Second, as a precaution perforated piping should be installed in the subsoil of the floor slab. The median indoor radon concentration in the houses was 155 Bq/m3. This is 32% lower than the median of the estimated reference values. The action level of 200 Bq/m3 was still exceeded in 40% of the houses. In most houses with slab-on-grade the prevention was based only on the installation of a sub-slab depressurisation system. Sealing was performed in a low number of houses. In 80% of houses with a sub-slab piping connected to an operating fan, radon concentration was below the action level of 200 Bq/m3. In houses with piping but no fan, the corresponding fraction was only 45%. Sub-slab piping without a fan had no remarkable effect on radon concentration. In houses with crawl-space and edge-thickened slabs, radon concentrations were low. The choice of foundation system thus significantly affects the indoor radon concentration. The importance of complete and careful sealing work should be stressed in advice and guides concerning radon prevention.     

浅谈我国工程项目建设成本控制存在的问题

结合目前我国施工企业工程项目成本管理现状,对工程项目成本管理过程中存在的问题进行了较详细的分析,并提出了一些解决问题的办法,以做好项目成本控制工作,进而增强企业经济实力。     

2008年日本火灾情况

<正>1火灾总数在2008年(1～12月),日本发生的火灾总数为52 394起,与2007年相比减少了2 188起(4.0%)。这相当于平均1天大约发生143起火灾,每10min发生一起火灾。火灾类别(见表1)。     

Variation in property taxation in Tulsa

Conclusions It may be reasonably concluded from this study that the range of variation in these ratios of assessed to actual value are of a reasonable size for the great majority of cases. The frequency distribution of these sample ratios was not normal, however, as was assumed a process of this type would produce. On the other hand, the failure of the regression analysis to identify any significant variables which would explain these variations would tend to re-enforce the assumption that the fluctuations were indeed of a random nature.To sum it up in one paragraph, aside from a few extreme cases, the assessing process appears to give estimates which are more consistent than would be expected under the assumption that any errors would be of a random nature, but the regression analysis was unable to isolate any particular socioeconomic characteristics which would explain the variation which was present.Financial support for this research project was furnished by the University of Tulsa.