驱动微梁梁宽误差对微陀螺性能的影响

建立了3类微梁加工误差的有限元分析模型,采用有限元分析的方法研究了3种不同类型的梁宽误差对微陀螺固有频率、模态和检测信号的影响.研究发现:驱动微梁尺寸的加工误差不仅会影响到驱动模态的固有频率,同时也会对检测模态的固有频率产生影响;同一对角线上微梁尺寸相同的加工误差会引起微陀螺驱动模态及检测模态的耦合,并给出了模态耦合的特征,且耦合程度随梁宽误差的加大而增加;同一侧梁宽相同及只一根微梁梁宽存在加工误差时的模态耦合可以忽略;模态耦合会对微陀螺的检测信号产生严重的干扰,干扰程度与模态耦合程度正相关.     

驱动微梁形状对微陀螺仪耦合误差的影响分析

为研究微陀螺驱动微梁在加工误差下的微梁形状变化对正交耦合误差、模态耦合以及检测信号的影响,建立了驱动微梁在对角线梁宽误差下的有限元分析模型,采用有限元仿真分析和解析计算相结合的方法研究了U型梁一端梁长的变化对微陀螺正交耦合误差、模态耦合以及检测信号的影响.研究发现,当U型梁一端的梁长为另一端长度的二分之一左右时该类加工误差会引发非常严重的正交耦合误差和模态耦合现象,并对检测信号产生极大影响;当U型梁退化为直梁或者为等长梁的时候,对检测信号的干扰很小、正交耦合误差为零、模态耦合程度最小,而且两者的变化规律呈现正相关.适当地加大单自由度微陀螺驱动模态和检测模态的频率差不仅可增加微陀螺的带宽还可减小耦合的影响.     

一种高灵敏度硅微机械陀螺的设计与制造

设计与制造了一种高灵敏度的硅微机械陀螺。陀螺用静电来驱动,用连接成惠斯顿电桥的压阻式力敏电阻应变计来检测。主梁、微梁 质量块结构实现了高灵敏度。比较硬的主梁提供了一定的机械强度,并且提供了高共振频率。微梁很细,检测时微梁沿轴向直拉直压。力敏电阻应变计就扩散在微梁上,质量块很小的挠动就能在微梁上产生很大的应力,输出很大的信号。5V条件下,陀螺检测部分的理论灵敏度达到27.45mV/gn。压阻式四端器件用来监测驱动振幅,可以反馈补偿压阻的温度系数。检测模态的Q值达260使陀螺能在大气下工作。陀螺利用普通的n型硅片制造,为了刻蚀高深宽比的结构,使用了深反应离子刻蚀(DRIE)工艺。     

一种Z轴微机械陀螺的自解耦方法研究

在分析了微机械陀螺机械耦合误差产生原因的基础上,提出了一种解耦梁方案,可以从结构上消除振动式微机械陀螺敏感模态对驱动模态的耦合影响;基于该解耦梁方案设计了一种新型的Z轴微机械陀螺结构.分析表明,该陀螺结构消除了敏感模态对驱动模态的耦合影响,实现了解耦设计的目的.     

振动式微机械陀螺的带宽特性分析

对振动式微机械陀螺的带宽特性进行了讨论,以设计的一种带解耦结构的振动式微机械陀螺为模型,利用数学工具软件MATLAB对其进行了带宽特性分析.分析结果表明,对于2自由度的陀螺,驱动频率的带宽不仅与驱动模态和检测模态的频率匹配有关,而且与两个模态的阻尼匹配有关.随着驱动模态和检测模态频率匹配的降低,带宽先增加然后基本保持不变.随着驱动和检测模态阻尼匹配的降低,带宽一直减小.通过实现驱动模态与检测模态的频率匹配和阻尼匹配可以获得最大机械灵敏度和最大驱动频率带宽.     

三轴微机械陀螺仪的结构设计与仿真

提出了一种适应国内加工条件的三轴微陀螺仪,依据三轴陀螺的结构和工作原理,利用ANSYS有限元仿真软件对三轴陀螺的设计进行了计算和仿真.在此基础上,通过调节结构参数实现各轴驱动模态与敏感模态固有频率的匹配以提高各轴的灵敏度.最后介绍了加工所采用的工艺.     

一种新的陀螺振子及工作方式的研究

本文提出了一种新形式的陀螺振子结构,介绍了其工作原理。当陀螺振子在驱动模态谐振时,检测与驱动正交振动位置的振动情况,推导出了两模态振动公式。利用有限元软件建模,对新振子能否满足驱动与检测模态频率相等的灵敏度要求进行仿真验证。     

新型双级解耦合微机械陀螺设计与仿真

在分析了微机械振动式陀螺机械耦合误差的基础上,提出了一种新型的双级解耦合的陀螺结构,可将驱动模态和检测模态完全隔离,以避免驱动对检测的同频干扰。通过在敏感质量和检测质量间用弹性连接来抑制和减小机械耦合误差。文中还对新结构进行有限元模拟,最后分析了系统频响。     

解耦型静电力闭环微陀螺

微陀螺采用双框架双支撑解耦结构实现X-Y方向运动相对独立,驱动模态采用叉指电容结构实现大范围静电驱动,敏感模态方向采用差分电容作为检测接口实现高精度位置测量.X方向设计了独立的位移检测单元,而Y方向配置了静电力反馈单元,实现系统的闭环静电力反馈控制,提高传感器的性能.为分析提高系统输出精度的条件,推导出影响系统检测灵敏度的因素,改进了驱动模态闭环方案,提出了敏感模态无相差静电力反馈方法.     

双自由度双解耦陀螺的结构设计与仿真

设计了一种新颖的陀螺结构,该结构采用双自由度设计增大检测带宽,并缓解了品质因数对陀螺灵敏度的影响;采用了双级解耦的结构设计,减小了驱动模态的同频耦合干扰.文中对结构进行了电学模型建模,并进行了相应的时域和频域分析.     

Design and analysis of a z-axis tuning fork gyroscope with guided-mechanical coupling

This paper presents design and analysis of a z-axis tuning fork gyroscope. The sensor is designed to reduce noises and improve the sensitivity by using a drive coupling spring in the lozenge shape. The in-phase sensing mode is suppressed by using a self-rotation ring. The designed sensor prioritizes anti-phase driving and sensing modes. The frequencies of anti-phase driving and sensing modes are far from those of parasitic ones. The design also enables the sensing mode to decouple from the driving one, which is considered to decrease vibration-induced error. The proposed sensor structure is analyzed by finite element method. The simulated frequencies of the driving and sensing modes are 9.9 and 10.0 kHz, respectively, which show the bandwidth of sensor of 100 Hz. The frequency difference between the driving and sensing modes and the parasitic ones is obtained to be 50 %. The optimized gap between electrodes leads to the determination of the number of the sensing capacitor fingers and consequently the suitable dimension parameters of the whole device. The sensor performance in the time domain and the frequency domain having the transient response to a given rotation rate is also simulated showing the linear dependence of capacitance change on angular velocity. As a result, the sensitivity of the sensor is evaluated to be 11 fF/°/s.     

Structure design and fabrication of a novel dual-mass resonant output micromechanical gyroscope

A novel dual-mass resonant output micromechanical gyroscope is proposed which utilizes resonant sensing as the basis for Coriolis force detection instead of displacement sensing. It can overcome the shortcoming of single-mass resonant output micromechanical gyroscope and can reduce the common mode acceleration error by using a dual-mass topology structure and lever differential mechanism. The structure and operating principle of the device are introduced. Moreover, some important theoretical analyses of the gyroscope are provided in detail. The analytical results have shown that the resonant frequencies of vibrating mass and double-ended tuning fork resonators are 3.153 and 62.853 kHz. The device has a frequency sensitivity of 12.535 Hz/deg/s and a mechanical noise floor of $ 7.957\deg /{\text{h}}/\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} A novel dual-mass resonant output micromechanical gyroscope is proposed which utilizes resonant sensing as the basis for Coriolis force detection instead of displacement sensing. It can overcome the shortcoming of single-mass resonant output micromechanical gyroscope and can reduce the common mode acceleration error by using a dual-mass topology structure and lever differential mechanism. The structure and operating principle of the device are introduced. Moreover, some important theoretical analyses of the gyroscope are provided in detail. The analytical results have shown that the resonant frequencies of vibrating mass and double-ended tuning fork resonators are 3.153 and 62.853 kHz. The device has a frequency sensitivity of 12.535 Hz/deg/s and a mechanical noise floor of 7.957deg/\texth/?{\textHz} 7.957\deg /{\text{h}}/\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} in air. The finite element simulation results verify the accuracy of analytical algorithms. The common mode acceleration error of device can be reduced by 97.6%. The device is fabricated by SOG (Silicon on Glass) micro fabrication technology. Some important performances are measured by experimental method. The micromechanical gyroscope can be used to estimate the rotation rate by further implementing the signal processing electronics.     

Closed loop driving and detect circuit of piezoelectric solid-state micro gyroscope

Piezoelectric solid-state micro gyroscope is a novel kind of rotating rate sensor, which is based on the special thickness-shear vibrating mode of a piezoelectric body. Compared with the general vibratory micro gyroscope, it has no evident mass-spring component in its structure, so it has larger stiffness and robust resistance to shake and strike. Therefore, piezoelectric solid-state micro gyroscope can be used in the high-g environment. In this paper, piezoelectric solid-state micro gyroscope working principle is described. The closed loop driving and detect circuit of piezoelectric solid-state micro gyroscope is proposed in order to track the resonance frequency drift, stabilize the driving voltage value and detect the gyroscope output. The closed loop driving circuit (CLDC) mainly contains phase lock loop circuit, automatic gain circuit. Detect circuit mainly contains de-modulator, difference amplifier, Phase shift circuit and low pass filter. Experimental results show that the frequency of CLDC fluctuates within ±15 Hz with the resonance frequency of 357.9 kHz when get its stable status and the fluctuation of reference voltage is within ±7 mv, while the fluctuation of reference voltage in open loop driving circuit is ±23 mv. In the experiment, the sensitivity of the gyroscope with 740 mv/rad/s is observed. The work in the paper provides the theoretical and experimental foundation for realizing for this kind of gyroscope.     

微型半球陀螺非轴对称结构的电刚度补偿方法研究

微型半球谐振陀螺仪可以感测角速度和转角。但由于实际结构的非轴对称性,导致感测上产生误差。提出了一种电刚度补偿方法,即调节67.5,°90,°112.5,°135°不同位置的4个平衡电极的电压来调节谐振体刚度,从而达到结构轴对称;并通过有限元分析方法和灵敏度法求得4个平衡电极的电压值。     

Evaluation of low-acceleration MEMS piezoelectric energy harvesting devices

Microelectromechanical systems-based piezoelectric energy harvesting device research is continuing to increase due to high demands in powering wireless sensor networks. This paper compares three different cantilever structures that have been the most widely used designs in MEMS energy harvesting devices. The cantilever structures consist of a wide beam, narrow beam, and trapezoidal beam structure. Aluminium nitride was used as the piezoelectric material because of its CMOS compatibility. Finite element modelling was used to investigate the theoretical outputs of the devices prior to fabrication. The three different structures were fabricated using standard micro-fabrication techniques on SOI wafers in order to verify the results experimentally. The finite element modelling results agree with the experimental results. The AlN deposited on the experimental wafers had a (002) FWHM rocking curve value of 1.7°. The power density based on the volume of space needed to fabricate the structures was 2.5, 0.78, and 0.65 mW/cm³/g² at resonant frequency for the wide, trapezoidal, and narrow beam structures respectively. The bandwidth of the devices is also an important parameter when selecting the cantilever structure. An array of the cantilevers over a 4 cm² area resulted in a bandwidth of was 4.8, 9, and 26.4 Hz for the wide, trapezoidal, and narrow beam structures respectively.     

硅微阵列陀螺仪的仿真、设计与测试

为了提高硅微机械陀螺仪的精度和工作可靠性,提出了一种新的硅微阵列陀螺仪结构设计方案。该陀螺仪由4个质量块构成,采用半解耦结构设计,结构完全对称,驱动模态和检测模态的频率匹配性好。分析了硅微阵列陀螺仪的结构和工作原理,并利用ANSYS有限元软件进行了结构仿真,通过调节结构参数实现了各驱动模态与敏感模态固有频率的匹配。对阵列陀螺仪样品进行了测试,实验测试结果表明,驱动模态存在3个振型,同频反相振动的幅值最大,与仿真结果一致。     

Circularly polarized 1 × 4 square slot array antenna by utilizing compacted modified butler matrix and branch line coupler

Circularly polarized (CP), beam steering antennas are preferred to reduce the disruptive effects such as multi‐path fading and co‐channel interference in wireless communications systems. Nowadays, intensive studies have been carried out not only on the specific antenna array design but also their feeding networks to achieve circular polarization and beam steering characteristics. A compact broadband CP antenna array with a low loss feed network design is aimed in this work. To improve impedance and CP bandwidth, a feed network with modified Butler matrix and a compact ultra‐wideband square slot antenna element are designed. With this novel design, more than 3 GHz axial ratio BW is achieved. In this study, a broadband meander line compact double box coupler with impedance bandwidth over 4.8‐7 GHz frequency and the phase error less than 3° is used. Also the measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed beam steering array antenna is 60% (from 4.2 to 7.8 GHz). The minimum 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth between ports, support 4.6–6.8 GHz frequency range. The measured peak gain of the proposed array antenna is 8.9 dBic that could scan solid angle about ～91 degree. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:146–153, 2016.     

Design and dynamics of an innovative micro gyroscope against coupling effects

This paper presents an innovative micro gyroscope design. The proposed tri-axis gyroscope possesses the capability of detecting three-dimensional angular motions. The motion of each sensing element is, by elaborate mechanical design, restricted to move in orthogonal direction to each other such that the measurements by high-resolution capacitors with signal processing circuits are decoupled and precisely represent, to some extent, angular velocity components in three axes. The drive electrode comb is used to constantly vibrate the proof mass in tangential direction by sinusoidal voltage. The signal bandwidth is increased by distributed translational proof masses, placed ninety degree apart from each other. Each individual proof mass is designed to move solely in radial direction so that superior mode matching can be achieved. In order to ensure better repeatability and more reliability, the suspension flexures and damping effects are studied such that stress of the proposed micro gyroscope is reduced but the span of angular displacements is increased. Owing to the complicated geometry of the suspension flexures, finite element method (FEM) is employed to obtain more exact stiffness values and compared with theoretical analysis. The dynamic model of the proposed gyroscope is established to include non-linear terms and embedded mechanical constraints. The entire micro device can be produced merely by surface fabrication such that the mass production cost can be considered at the design stage, while the resolution, bandwidth and decoupling capability of tri-axis detection are enhanced.