Al2O3弥散强化Ni-Cr合金粉的微束等离子喷涂

用行星式球磨技术制备了Al2O3弥散强化Ni-Cr合金粉末.为改善球磨后粉末的流动性,对粉末进行了喷雾造粒,并利用微束等离子喷涂(MPS)技术制备涂层.采用XRD、SEM等方法研究弥散强化粉末及其喷涂层的微观组织结构.试验结果表明,球磨加工后,Al3O3颗粒尺寸为微纳米级,并弥散分布于Ni-Cr基体粉末中.经微束等离子喷涂后,涂层结构较致密,孔隙率低(<2%).涂层经650 ℃高温耐冲蚀试验后,发现微纳米结构涂层的耐冲蚀性良好,这与Al2O3陶瓷对涂层的增韧机理有关.     

等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的冲蚀磨损特性

研究了在固体颗粒冲蚀条件下,不同冲击速度、不同磨料尺寸等因素对等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层冲蚀磨损率的影响,并在不同条件下与20号钢进行了对比试验,分析了等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的冲蚀磨损特性及磨损机理,提出等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层具有脆性特征的冲蚀磨损特性,它适用于细磨料低速冲蚀磨损条件.     

金属基体高温耐磨复合涂层的制备与磨损性能研究

锅炉受热面金属管壁的磨损问题是困扰电厂安全运行的一大难题.实验采用改性无机粘结剂,以耐磨性优良的SiC、Al2O3颗粒为基本骨料,辅以少量Cr2O3颗粒,再添加少量的膨润土和无机纤维为增强材料,提高涂层和基体间的结合力.在500℃下固化后得到实验涂层.分别在冲蚀角15°、25°、35°、45°、60°下研究了涂层耐冲蚀...     

超音速等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的结构及冲蚀磨损机理

目的改善流体机械部件的耐冲蚀磨损性能。方法采用超音速等离子喷涂(Supersonic Plasma Spraying)系统制备NiCr-Cr_3C_2涂层,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了喷涂粉末和涂层的物相结构。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及配套的能谱分析仪(EDS)观察和分析了涂层的微观形貌及化学成分。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)从超微观角度分析了涂层的晶粒结构。采用Image J2x孔隙率计算软件测定了涂层的孔隙率。采用显微硬度仪、纳米压痕仪及万能拉伸试验机分别测定了涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量和结合强度。采用动载磨料试验机进行了冲蚀试验,冲蚀角度为90°,砂浆比为5:8,冲蚀时间为3 h。结果获得的超音速等离子喷涂Ni Cr-Cr_3C_2涂层主要含有NiCr、Cr_3C_2、Cr_7C_3等物相,至少含有单晶、纳米晶、过渡区三个区域。涂层的显微硬度值为911HV0.3,约为基体的3倍,孔隙率为1.4%,结合强度为66 MPa,弹性模量为215.3 GPa。在90°攻角下,涂层的冲蚀磨损失效以疲劳剥落磨损为主。结论用超音速等离子喷涂系统在基体表面制备的Ni Cr-Cr_3C_2涂层具有较好的耐冲蚀磨损性能。     

高速电弧喷涂Fe3Al/WC复合涂层高温冲蚀行为研究

采用自行研制的新型热喷涂Fe3Al/WC复合合金粉芯丝材,成功地用高速电弧喷技术制备出了Fe3Al金属化合物基金属陶瓷复合涂层。对涂层成分、显微组织、涂层相结构和组成进行了分析,结果表明,涂层由以Fe-26Al为主的Fe3Al基体相与约20%的WC、W2C和 a-Al2O3相组成。对比研究了Fe3Al/WC涂层和电站锅炉钢20 g从室温至650 ℃氧化环境条件下不同攻角的高温冲蚀磨损性能,结果表明Fe3Al/WC涂层的高温冲蚀磨损抗力高于20 g钢,650 ℃和30°攻角下的稳态相对冲蚀磨损抗力为20 g钢的3.14倍。温度对Fe3Al/WC涂层的冲蚀行为有较大影响：温度 < 450℃,涂层的冲蚀率变化不大,表现出塑性材料的冲蚀行为;温度 >450 ℃,涂层冲蚀率变化较大,呈现典型的脆性材料冲蚀磨损行为。并对其高温冲蚀磨损机理进行了分析。     

不同实验参数下α-Al2O3陶瓷冲蚀磨损性能研究

以冲蚀磨损工况典型应用材料Cr15Mo3高铬铸铁为对比材料,研究了不同磨粒硬度、不同磨粒粒径、不同冲邋蚀角度(0°、30°、45°、60°和90°)对α-Al2O3结构陶瓷抗冲蚀磨损性能的影响,分析了试验材料冲蚀磨损微观失效机制.结果表明:Crl5Mo3高铬铸铁冲蚀磨损体积均大于α-Al2O3陶瓷材料;随着Crl5Mo3高铬铸铁冲蚀磨损体积增加幅度最大;处于45°和60°,90°冲蚀角度时试验材料的冲蚀磨损体积损失最大;α-Al2O3陶瓷受冲蚀时切削磨损小,随着冲蚀角度增加,材料的耗能方式主要径向裂纹和横向裂纹的断裂表面能.     

砂型铸造用模具快速制备及耐磨性研究

研究了砂型铸造用模具的快速制备及适合其耐磨的表面涂层材料,对添加Al2O3颗粒材料进行了耐磨性系列试验,用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜进行了分析。结果表明,当Al2O3颗粒含量达5%时,磨损率最低;随Al2O3颗粒含量的增加,复合涂层的摩擦系数逐渐增大,复合涂层的磨损机理由粘着占主导逐渐转变为犁削沟占主导。     

过渡材料对等离子喷涂Al2O3梯度陶瓷涂层性能影响

针对Al2O3陶瓷涂层结合强度低、孔隙率高的实际,选择NiAl金属间化合物和金属铜粉作为过渡材料,利用等离子喷涂制备Al2O3梯度陶瓷涂层,并对梯度涂层进行组织形貌观察,测试结合强度和孔隙率.结果表明,梯度涂层的组织表现出宏观的不均匀性和微观连续性的分布特征,NiAl和Cu是金属基体与Al2O3涂层之间过渡层的理想材料,可以有效地提高涂层的结合强度,而Cu-Al2O3梯度涂层又比NiAl-Al2O3梯度涂层结合强度高;梯度涂层的孔隙率远低于双涂层的孔隙率,在Cu-Al2O3梯度涂层中随Al2O3含量的增加,涂层的孔隙率降低,而且孔隙率低于NiAl-Al2O3梯度涂层.     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_(3p)/NiCrBSi涂层优化设计

利用二次回归正交组合设计法优化喷涂工艺参数,建立了等离子喷涂Al2O3p/NiCrBSi复合材料涂层冲蚀磨损失重率的二次回归方程.研究了等离子喷涂参数对涂层冲蚀磨损失重率的影响.结果表明,利用Matlab软件编程计算,优化等离子喷涂参数,明显提高了涂层的抗冲蚀磨损性能.为等离子喷涂制备以氧化铝(Al2O3)颗粒增强金属基(NiCrBSi)复合材料涂层(Al2O3p/NiCrBSi)的实际应用提供必要的理论依据和技术数据.     

等离子喷涂Cu-Al2O3梯度涂层的组织与耐磨性分析

针对纯陶瓷涂层由于结合强度低、孔隙率高、影响涂层耐磨性的实际,用等离子喷涂法制备了Cu-Al2O3梯度涂层,用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、金相显微镜等手段对涂层进行微观组织和成分分析,用自制销盘式固定磨料磨损试验机,检测了Cu-Al2O3梯度涂层的耐磨料磨损性能.结果表明,采用等离子喷涂法制备的Cu-Al2O3梯度涂层无明显的组织突变和宏观层间界面,涂层的组织表现出宏观不均匀性和微观连续性分布特征;梯度涂层中当Al2O3含量(质量分数,%)达到80%时(GC6),涂层的耐磨性最高,约为基体的3倍,随着Al2O3含量继续增大,纯陶瓷涂层(GC7)的耐磨性有所下降.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.