煤化工废水脱酚技术探讨

介绍了煤气化废水、焦化废水、兰炭生产废水等3种煤化工含酚废水;探讨水蒸气脱酚、活性焦吸附脱酚、离子交换法、萃取脱酚、乳状液膜法、生化法等在煤化工含酚废水中应用可行性;总结了在技术和经济上具有优势的脱酚技术,该技术可推动煤化工含酚废水的无害化和资源化。     

高含酚苯酚丙酮生产废水脱酚技术研究进展

高含酚废水是典型的有毒有害工业废水,废水脱酚技术可分为分离回收和氧化降解两方面。本文介绍了高含酚废水的主要脱酚技术,包括萃取法、吸附法、高级氧化法、生物法等,分析对比了各脱酚技术的优缺点、适用条件。     

氧化法处理含酚废水的研究进展

介绍了近年来含酚废水的物理、化学、生物三种处理方法。对化学氧化法进行了详细介绍,包括直接氧化法和催化氧化法,最后对含酚废水的处理进行了展望。     

煤化工废水脱酚技术研究进展

分析了煤化工含酚废水的来源及特征,介绍了几种酚类的测定方法,详细地阐述了煤化工废水脱酚技术的生化法、汽提法、萃取法、高级氧化法、吸附法等方法的内容、特点及应用前景,展望了煤化工废水脱酚技术的发展方向,萃取法和高级氧化法为未来煤化工废水脱酚技术的发展重点,且今后煤化工废水脱酚工艺应该是包括两种或两种以上脱酚方法的联合工艺。     

含酚废水处理技术的研究进展

文章介绍了含酚废水的处理方法——吸附法、膜分离法、萃取法、化学氧化法、生化处理法等,综述了近年来处理方法、技术进展情况,提出了当前含酚废水处理技术的发展前景和方向。     

含酚废水的处理方法

介绍了含酚废水的处理方法——萃取法、汽提法、吸附法、生化处理法、化学氧化法等,综述了近年来处理方法、技术进展情况．提出了当前含酚废水处理技术的发展前景和方向。     

液膜技术处理高浓度含酚废水

液膜技术是近年来发展起来的一种新型的废水处理技术,国内外许多科研工作者用以对含酚废水进行了试验研究。它既能分离酚而予以回收,还能使废水中酚达到或接近排放标准。对于高浓度的含酚废水,历来采用甲醛法处理,但该法既消耗大量甲醛,又造成二次污染。为此,我厂于1985年着手对高浓度含酚废水进行研究,并与环科所共同完成了液膜技术处理高浓度含酚废水的中试任务。其目的主要是验证实验室工艺参数,以及各种因素对除酚效果的影响。     

吸附法处理含酚废水的研究进展

含酚废水在我国水污染控制中被列为重点解决的有害废水之一,介绍了近年来含酚废水的吸附处理技术,包括常用吸附剂和其它一些低成本的吸附剂及吸附法.同时为降低吸附剂制作成本,提高吸附剂吸附性能提出了意见.     

含酚废水的渗透蒸发分离研究进展

含酚废水对环境有较大危害,近年来发展较快的渗透蒸发技术对含酚废水的处理较有潜力。论文综述了聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、聚氨酯(PU)和聚醚嵌段聚酰胺(PEBA)三类聚合物膜及其改性膜在渗透蒸发分离含酚废水方面的进展,并进行了比较,展望了含酚废水渗透蒸发分离的未来发展方向。     

含酚废水处理技术浅析

含酚废水来源广泛、具有生物毒性,处理方式主要有酚类物质回收和降解两种途径。本文介绍了含酚废水的主要处理技术,包括萃取法、生物法、吸附法和高级氧化法等,并分析了各种方法之间的联系和作用,其中生物法是最主要的处理方式。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。