Cr(Ⅵ)抗性菌株的筛选及其Cr(Ⅵ)去除特性研究

采用微生物分离纯化方法,从制革厂含铬污泥中筛选分离Cr (Ⅵ)抗性菌株,并研究菌株对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除能力.共分离得到对50 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)去除率大于50%的菌株20株,16S rRNA基因测序结果表明这些细菌主要属于Acinetobacter、 Microbacterium、Leucobacter、Ochrobactrum和Brachymonas属.对其中7株细菌,考察了菌株生长期、pH值和Cr(Ⅵ)浓度对菌株去除Cr(Ⅵ)效果的影响,结果表明,细胞在有较高代谢活性的条件下具较高的Cr(Ⅵ)去除能力;pH值对菌株去除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力具有显著影响,在50 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)、pH值为7～8的条件下,Microbacterium属16号和21号菌株在36 h时对Cr (Ⅵ)的去除率达80%～95%;高浓度的Cr(Ⅵ)抑制菌株对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除能力,其中21号菌株在110 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)浓度下去除效果最佳,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达80%.     

光照作用对水铁矿去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响

Cr在环境中释放易导致重金属污染,其所造成的环境危害与Cr存在形态紧密相关。Cr(Ⅵ)多以CrO₄^2-或Cr₂O₇^2-形式存在,在水体中具有较高溶解度和迁移性,且具有较大的毒性。水铁矿具有大比表面积和高反应活性,是环境中Cr(Ⅵ)的重要吸附剂;同时,水铁矿也是一种天然半导体矿物,在光照诱导作用下可产生光电子并转移电子。然而,水铁矿表面的光化学反应对Cr(Ⅵ)地球化学行为的影响尚不清楚。因此,本研究探讨了光照对水铁矿去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。结果表明:在黑暗条件下,水铁矿通过吸附作用去除了57%的Cr(Ⅵ);在光照有氧条件下,水铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率上升到67%;在厌氧条件下,光照效应的增强作用更加明显水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)几乎完全被去除。结合傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析发现,水铁矿能够快速吸附Cr(Ⅵ),其中有62%的Cr在水铁矿表面被还原,占总去除率的41.5%。因此光照能够通过还原作用增强水铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除,从而降低Cr(...     

原位吸附技术修复六价铬污染土壤

常见六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)污染场地修复技术如客土法、还原法、固化法、生物法等存在成本高、效率低及Cr(Ⅵ)被二次氧化等缺点。理想修复技术应能快速、低成本地将铬元素(Cr)从土壤中彻底去除。本文将聚吡咯(PPy)通过原位聚合的方式负载在凹凸棒土(ATP)表面,制备了以PPy为“壳”和以ATP为“核”的ATP/PPy复合材料,ATP/PPy对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附容量为185.19mg/g,吸附机理包括静电引力、螯合、还原与离子交换等。将ATP/PPy嵌入土壤中,利用Cr(Ⅵ)在土壤中的纵向迁移及横向浓度差渗透,可实现对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的原位吸附。实验考察了模拟降雨量、土壤pH、土壤容重、土壤有机质含量等因素对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)去除效率的影响。结果表明,当供试土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为30mg/kg,模拟降雨量为6mL/天,土壤有机质含量为7.6g/kg,土壤容重为1.22g/cm³,土壤p H为5.86时,第35天时土壤滤液中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为58.51%,土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)含量降低至2.97mg/kg,低于《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB36600—20...     

天然黄铁矿除Cr（Ⅵ）中Cr2S3物相的发现

利用天然黄铁矿处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水实验,在反应中与反应后黄铁矿表面和胶体沉淀物中明显出现Cr2p的XPS能谱峰,能拟合出574.7～575.1eV、576.6～576.9eV和578.2～578.7eV3个峰位,分别代表Cr2S3、Cr2O3和CrO3物相。在实验过程中新发现Cr2S3沉淀物相,表明在常温常压下的水溶液介质中也能产生铬的硫化物物相。充分利用这些含铬物相,能使天然黄铁矿包括天然磁黄铁矿在还原Cr(Ⅵ)的同时,无需加碱就可将Cr(Ⅲ)沉淀转移到胶体沉淀物中,处理后的上清液中全Cr含量低于1.5mg/L的国家允许排放标准。天然黄铁矿自身溶解出的重金属含量很低,不影响处理后的出水水质。开发利用Cr2S3等含铬沉淀物相,便于推广应用天然黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿还原Cr(Ⅵ)同时沉淀Cr(Ⅲ)的一步法除铬新工艺。     

钨—水杨基荧光酮络合物的极谱催化波研究

在HCl、KCl介质中,W(Ⅵ)-水杨基荧光酮络合物有一灵敏的催化波,峰电位为-1.22V(υs.SCE),W(Ⅵ)浓度在4.4×10~(-11)—4.4 ×10~(-8)mol/L范围内与峰电流呈线性关系,检测限2.2×10~(-11)mol/L。实验表明该波为氢催化波,可用于痕量或超痕量W的测定。     

毛细水带对Cr(Ⅵ)的阻污性能试验研究

以土柱实验为研究手段,选择典型重金属污染物Cr(Ⅵ)作为研究对象,以惰性组分Br~-作为对比,分别探讨了Cr(Ⅵ)在存在支持毛细水、悬挂毛细水、无毛细水条件下,以及不同NaCl浓度条件下的迁移规律,进而从污染物穿透时间及残留量两个方面定量刻画毛细水带对Cr(Ⅵ)的阻滞作用。研究结果表明:不同形式毛细水条件下Br~-及Cr(Ⅵ)的穿透时间均为干土柱有悬挂毛细水土柱有支持毛细水土柱;与Br~-相比,Cr(Ⅵ)穿透终点均呈现明显滞后的现象,表明不同形式毛细水对Cr(Ⅵ)均具有不同程度的阻滞作用;受盐分析出及重力势的共同影响,不同NaCl浓度条件下Br~-及Cr(Ⅵ)的穿透时间均体现为10 g/L60 g/L0 g/L。Cr(Ⅵ)残留量整体呈现随土柱高度增加递减的趋势。存在支持毛细水及NaCl浓度为10 g/L的条件下土柱中Cr(Ⅵ)残留量最高,表明该情况下毛细水带的阻污作用最为显著。     

微波碱消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定煤灰中的六价铬

定量分析煤灰中Cr(Ⅵ)含量对于控制煤炭燃烧过程中产生的高毒性Cr(Ⅵ)的排放具有重要意义。现有的Cr(Ⅵ)定量分析方法主要是针对水、土壤、固体废弃物中的高浓度Cr(Ⅵ),前处理方法耗时长,检出限较高,不能有效测定煤灰中的低浓度Cr(Ⅵ)含量,因此有必要建立便捷、有效的煤灰中Cr(Ⅵ)高灵敏度检测方法。本文采用碱性提取剂,使用微波消解仪对煤灰进行前处理,对样品量、微波消解时间、微波消解温度等微波消解条件进行了优化,通过共沉淀法分离消解液中的Cr(Ⅲ)与Cr(Ⅵ),应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定Cr(Ⅵ)含量。结果表明,当样品量为0.2 g,微波消解温度为90℃,消解时间为60 min时能够保证煤灰中Cr(Ⅵ)的完全提取及准确测定。方法检出限为0.00033μg/m L,测定下限为0.00134μg/m L,实际样品的加标回收率平均值为87.2%。传统的二苯卡巴肼-紫外分光光度法的检出限为0.001μg/m L。与传统方法相比,本方法检出限降低,提高了检测灵敏度。     

β-FeOOH的水热法合成及其去除Cr(Ⅵ)实验研究

采用水热法成功合成四方纤铁矿(β-FeOOH),并结合XRD、SEM、zeta电位分析等对合成物进行系列表征。重点考察Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、pH值以及不同光照条件等因素下,β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:合成得到的β-FeOOH为纺锤形晶体,长径200nm~250nm,端面直径30nm~50nm。Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、pH值以及光照条件对β-FeOOH去除Cr(Ⅵ)均存在重要影响。随着Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度的升高,β-FeOOH吸附Cr(Ⅵ)量呈先递增后降低的趋势,当Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为50.07 mg/L时,β-FeOOH吸附Cr(Ⅵ)量达到最大值12.05mg/g,且吸附特征符合Langmuir方程吸附模型,饱和吸附量为16.35mg/g;β-FeOOH宜在弱酸性环境下去除Cr(Ⅵ),随着污染液pH的升高,β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在pH为6.24时去除率达到最大,为96.67%;光照条件会影响β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除,β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效率呈现出黑暗环境自然环境紫外光照射。     

渗透反应格栅修复铬污染地下水的试验研究

试验用零价铁 (Fe0) 和活性炭作为反应介质,设计渗透反应格栅 (PRB),对六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]污染地下水进行了实验室修复研究.试验结果表明:活性炭对 Cr 有一定的吸附作用;Fe0 对 Cr(Ⅵ) 有较强的还原作用;Fe0 和活性炭的协同作用有效地增强了Fe0 PRB 的处理能力;可以使 Cr(Ⅵ) 从 20 mg/L 降低到 0.05 mg/L 以下.冲洗试验表明,Fe0 还原 Cr(Ⅵ) 生成 Cr(Ⅲ),Cr(Ⅲ) 生成 Cr(OH)3 沉淀,而没有随着水体流动而流失到"下游"水体中.实验结果说明 PRB 技术治理 Cr(Ⅵ)污染地下水是可行的.     

一阶导数分光光度法同时测定水样中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)

环境水样中的铬通常以Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的形态存在,不同价态的铬产生不同的生理作用,对不同价态铬进行准确分析是必要的。目前Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的测定方法大多数是先分离后再测定,或先测定出Cr(Ⅲ)或Cr(Ⅵ),然后通过氧化或还原测定铬的总量,再差减法计算出另一价态铬的含量,此操作复杂,并且在处理过程中易导致价态的改变,误差较大,精确度难以保证。本文用一阶导数分光光度法消除了Cr(Ⅲ)对Cr(Ⅵ)干扰,能同时测定Cr(Ⅲ)或Cr(Ⅵ)的含量。混合水样中加入显色剂EDTA-2Na,调节溶液pH在3～3.5,恒温水浴70℃条件保持加热15min,测定吸光度,导数间隔因子为10nm求一阶导数,在波长330nm处Cr(Ⅵ)吸光度一阶导数有最大值,而在此波长处Cr(Ⅲ)-EDTA络合物吸光度一阶导数值为0,可用一阶导数分光光度法测定Cr(Ⅵ)的含量,在Cr(Ⅲ)-EDTA的最大吸收波长543nm处测溶液吸光度,直接测定Cr(Ⅲ)的含量。在优化实验条件下,Cr(Ⅲ)线性回归方程为A=0.0036ρ-0.0002(r~2=0.9999),线性范围为0～120mg/L,检出限为0.006mg/L;Cr(Ⅵ)线性回归方程为D=0.00072ρ-0.00013(D为一阶导数值,r~2=0.9996),线性范围为0～100mg/L,检出限为0.005mg/L。Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)加标回收率为97.8%～102.6%。该方法能够满足废水中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)分析测试要求。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with