基于动态相位调整算法的高速采样系统设计

高速采样技术在雷达信号处理系统中至关重要。在使用多通道串行输出AD芯片进行采样时,AD芯片输出的时钟信号与串行数据信号在传输的过程中获得了不同程度的延时,导致关键路径的时序要求不能够得到满足。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种自适应动态相位调整算法,动态调整时钟和数据的相位关系使其能够在高速条件下正确匹配;设计了基于ADS6445模数转换芯片和Virtex-5 FPGA芯片的采样系统对算法进行验证,经系统测试该算法成功将时钟变化沿对准了数据窗中心位置,大幅度提高了系统采样的准确性和稳定性。经计算,系统的采样数据有效位达到11位以上,满足雷达信号处理对数据精度的高要求。     

数字卫星广播系统采样时钟同步方法

针对数字卫星广播系统中采样时钟偏差会严重影响接收性能的问题,提出了一种采样频率和相位同步方法。该方法利用迟早门进行采样误差估计,利用Farrow滤波器进行插值处理。通过采样频偏调整环路控制Farrow滤波器,实现采样频率和相位同步。实验结果表明,该方法能够在高强度噪声干扰和较大载波频偏环境下,快速准确的实现采样时钟同步。该方法还可以广泛应用于数字地面广播、数字移动广播等多个领域。     

多模式雷达的时域脉冲压缩实现

在雷达系统中,当工作在波形捷变方式时,存在不同时宽的线性调频信号、非线性调频信号和相位编码信号等多种波形格式,每一种波形其对应的匹配滤波器参数各不相同.采用DSP进行频域脉冲压缩存在时序关系复杂、处理延时大、需多片处理、调试困难等问题.该文采用时域处理的方法,利用匹配参数的特点,通过改进滤波器的结构和采用分布式算法,对高阶FIR滤波器进行优化设计,在单片FPGA内实现了几十种波形的匹配滤波,达到了系统简化,延时小的效果.     

OFDM系统采样钟补偿算法及其FPGA实现

利用数字内插滤波器完成全数字域采样钟同步已广泛应用于OFDM数字接收机中.文中利用两个Farrow结构的内插滤波器,同时提高工作时钟对过采样信号进行数字域内插,完成接收端和发送端之间的采样时钟的完全匹配,并且根据硬件器件的特性和算法结构,逐级进行模块变量定点处理.基于实测数据的分析表明,该FPGA数字域采样钟补偿算法不仅有稳定的性能,而且其模块化设计也有利于更高阶算法或多通道系统的实现.     

Gardner算法实现基带信号位同步技术探讨

利用Gardner算法实现基带信号位同步,能比较好地解决基带信号频率与本地时钟频率不同步的问题。系统位同步环路由插值器,TED误差检测器,环路滤波器和控制器组成,利用对经本地时钟采样后的基带信号内插产生的误差信号经TED,环路滤波传送到控制器,再从NCO提取误差控制参数反馈到内插器,不仅可以计算出最佳插值位置,也可以得到具体最佳值的大小。实际验证该系统具有良好的性能,且结构简单,易于实现,适用于高速数字接收机的调制解调系统。     

全数字接收机中一种载波相位恢复的新方法

全数字接收机是在最近几年内提出的一个新的概念,它要求解调用的本地参考载波和采样时钟都振荡于固定的频率,不需要进行反馈控制,其他一些工作:载波相位误差和时钟定时误差的消除、信号的判定等全部由采样后的数字信号处理器完成。载波相位恢复问题和时钟同步问题是目前关于全数字接收机研究中的两个最主要的问题。本文仅讨论载波相位恢复问题。在本文中研究了载波相位估计算法中估计e~(jθ)和估计θ的差异,从理论上证明了估计e~(jθ)比估计θ有更好的统计特性,并且给出了一种估计e~(jθ)的方法,此方法有二个突出的优点:(1)它可以消除载波相位恢复过程中的相位区间跳变。(2)相位估计器的结构简单,它是全线性的,易于实现。利用16-QAM信号进行计算机仿真证实了此算法的可行性。     

基于SVM的信号解调算法

在小样本、低信噪比条件下,同步参数估计会存在较大误差,从而导致信号解调性能的降低。为了解决该问题,将信号解调看成有限长度采样样本的学习问题,并利用支持向量机( SVM)良好的学习性能,在存在同步误差的条件下,通过提高判决端的处理能力来改善系统的接收性能,提出了基于SVM的信号解调算法。在Matlab环境下,对提出算法在精准同步、残存同步误差、高斯白噪声和高斯色噪声等情况进行了计算机仿真,结果表明,相比于匹配滤波器算法,基于SVM的信号解调算法能较好地克服定时误差和相位误差以及色噪声对解调性能的影响。     

一种新型混合信号时钟延时锁定环电路设计

给出了数字时钟管理器(DCM)中的一种新型时钟延时锁定环电路(Clock Delay Locked Loop)的设计,为高速同步数据采集系统提供可靠的时钟解决方案。该电路设计是基于延时锁定环(DLL)原理上,采用混合信号电路设计方案来实现。设计中的数字电路控制模块,通过对改进后的电荷泵中的附加开关工作时间的精确控制来实现对输入时钟信号所需延时的精确控制,从而得到所需的延时。该电路不会累积相位误差,具有良好的噪声敏感度。电路采用0.18μm的CMOS工艺,工作电压1.5V,可管理的时钟信号最高频率为360MHz,延时范围为1T,延时精度为T/32。     

基于小波变换的光相移键控传输系统相位估计

针对相位噪声对光相移键控传输系统性能影响的问题,目前广泛采用滤波器进行相位估计,针对滤波器的边界效应及高精度与延时存在矛盾的问题,文中将小波变换与前向反馈技术结合用以实现相位恢复,既避免了滤波器的边界效应及延时,同时又实现了高精度的相位恢复。仿真结果显示,该算法可消除4 MHz的激光器线宽和35°激光器相位偏差对系统误码率的影响,且更适用于高速相干光通信系统实现的实时并行处理。     

一种2FSK解调算法的DSP实现

详细地介绍了一种 2 FSK非相干解调算法 ,算法涉及到接收信号的相位延迟 ,因为在用 DSP实现时 ,与相位延迟对应的时间延时不可能恰是采样周期的整数倍 ,所以算法借助一个单零点的 FIR滤波器来解决非整数延时问题。文章重点推导了单零点 FIR滤波器系数的求解公式 ,并给出了用 DSP软件实现的算法流程图     

复信号多相滤波器的无盲区算法与FPGA设计

信道化和抽取技术是宽带数字信道化接收机中的关键技术。针对这一问题,首先分析了复信号多相滤波器无盲区算法及其数学模型,实现信号的全概率捕获。根据此数学模型,提出了复多相滤波器的FPGA设计方法。该方法根据模型中信道数与抽取倍数之间的关系,利用可定制模块和时序的配合完成了延迟和抽取功能;乘加单元完成多相分量的滤波运算;专用IP核完成FFT。整个模块采用乒乓RAM的设计思想和流水线结构。实验结果表明,该方法区别于一般旋转开关方法,能够实现信道数不等于抽取倍数的延迟和抽取．     

On Bounds of Shift Variance in Two-Channel Multirate Filter Banks

Critically sampled multirate FIR filter banks exhibit periodically shift variant behavior caused by nonideal antialiasing filtering in the decimation stage. We assess their shift variance quantitatively by analysing changes in the output signal when the filter bank operator and shift operator are interchanged. We express these changes by a so-called commutator. We then derive a sharp upper bound for shift variance via the operator norm of the commutator, which is independent of the input signal. Its core is an eigensystem analysis carried out within a frequency domain formulation of the commutator, leading to a matrix norm which depends on frequency. This bound can be regarded as a worst case instance holding for all input signals. For two channel FIR filter banks with perfect reconstruction (PR), we show that the bound is predominantly determined by the structure of the filter bank rather than by the type of filters used. Moreover, the framework allows to identify the signals for which the upper bound is almost reached as so-called near maximizers of the frequency-dependent matrix norm. For unitary PR filter banks, these near maximizers are shown to be narrow-band signals. To complement this worst-case bound, we derive an additional bound on shift variance for input signals with given amplitude spectra, where we use wide-band model spectra instead of narrow-band signals. Like the operator norm, this additional bound is based on the above frequency-dependent matrix norm. We provide results for various critically sampled two-channel filter banks, such as quadrature mirror filters, PR conjugated quadrature filters, wavelets, and biorthogonal filters banks.     

一种无需导频的适用于差分OFDM系统的符号与采样钟联合同步方法

该文提出了一种适用于OFDM系统的联合符号和采样钟同步校正方法,其中同步校正是在数字域通过改变对接收过采样信号的插值(interpolation)和抽取(decimation)实现的。这种方法在发送端相邻载波间采用差分QPSK调制,在接收端利用QPSK的差分解调信号获得同步误差信号,从而获得关于OFDM符号同步和采样钟同步调整的算法,其特点是无需专门的同步导频信号。所提出算法的同步性能在高斯白噪声信道和多径衰落信道均得到验证。     

Linear-phase FIR interpolation, decimation, and mth-band filters utilizing the farrow structure

This paper introduces novel linear-phase finite-impulse response (FIR) interpolation, decimation, and Mth-band filters utilizing the Farrow structure. In these new overall filters, each polyphase component (except for one term) is realized using the Farrow structure with a distinct fractional delay. The corresponding interpolation/decimation structures can therefore be implemented using only one set of linear-phase FIR subfilters and one set of multipliers that correspond to the distinct fractional delays. The main advantage of the proposed structures is that they are flexible as to the conversion factors, and this also for an arbitrary set of integer factors, including prime numbers. In particular, they can simultaneously implement several converters at a low cost. The proposed filters can be used to generate both general filters and Mth-band filters for interpolation and decimation by the integer factor M. (In this paper, a general filter for interpolation and decimation by M means a filter having a bandwidth of approximately /spl pi//M without the restriction that /spl pi//M be included in the transition band. This is in contrast to an Mth-band filter whose transition band does include /spl pi//M.) In both cases, the overall filter design problem can be posed as a convex problem, the solution of which is globally optimum. Design examples are included in the paper illustrating the properties and potentials of the proposed filters.     

基于信号频域特征实现位定时恢复

数字通信系统对接收信号进行采样时,如果存在位定时误差,则会严重影响通信系统的工作性能。而采样信号的变换域相位谱中包含位定时误差信息,只要有效地恢复该误差信息,即可以很好地实现通信系统的位定时同步。在此基础上,对频域检测位定时估值算法的原理和实现过程进行了较详细的描述和分析,最后,针对几种典型信号对算法的性能进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明,该算法对几种典型信号都有效,具有较广泛的适应性。     

基于PAM分解的高阶部分响应CPM信号盲定时同步算法

针对高阶部分响应连续相位调制(CPM)信号盲定时同步中存在定时精度较低以及容易出现假锁等问题,该文从脉冲幅度调制(PAM)分解的角度出发,设计了一种新的适用于高阶部分响应CPM信号的定时同步器结构,并在此基础上结合基于马尔科夫链模型的定时假锁检测方法,提出了一种适用于高阶部分响应CPM信号的盲定时同步算法.该算法通过对CPM信号的PAM脉冲进行优化处理,有效减少了匹配滤波器以及网格状态的数目,同时使用辅助定时误差检测器和假锁检测器来实时监测假锁现象.理论分析和仿真结果表明,对于四阶部分响应CPM信号,在低信噪比并存在较大初始定时误差条件下,该算法也能够实现精确快速的定时同步.     

Weighted median filters with sigma-delta modulation encoding

Digital decimation filters play a fundamental role in oversampled sigma-delta A/D decoders. In this paper, we first show that weighted median (WM) filtering of a demodulated sequence (at the Nyquist rate) can be implemented concurrently in the A/D decoder. Through a simple modification of the binary time-series outputted by the A/D modulator, the sequence obtained after the sigma-delta modulation (SDM) decoder is shown to be equivalent to WM filtering the multilevel sequence at the Nyquist rate. Second, we show that WM filters can be used for SDM decimation filters and that these filters are readily implemented in the SDM binary domain. A very promising characteristic of SDM converters equipped with WM decimating filters is that sharp discontinuities (edges) can be preserved and acquired. Thus, the bandlimited constraint imposed on the input signals can be relaxed making SDM more attractive to A/D conversion of signals containing sharp transitions. The proposed signal processing algorithms, in essence, combine A/D sigma-delta converters and WM filters into a single programmable system     

Separation of cochannel signals under imperfect timing and carriersynchronization

We propose a complete receiver for separating cochannel signals in a time-division multiple-access type system when the timing and carrier synchronization are imperfect or only nominally accomplished. The receiver is all digital, data aided, assumes the presence of multiple antennas at the receiver, and has three functional components. The first part computes the timing offsets of the different cochannel users through a maximum likelihood search. The second part uses a bank of filters on an oversampled version of the baseband signals to obtain a new symbol rate sampled signal in which the different users are all synchronous but are still spatially mixed and rotated with unknown carrier offsets. The third part uses an extended Kalman-filter-based algorithm to estimate the parameters of this model and to separate and decode the transmitted signals of the different users. The performance of this receiver is demonstrated with simulations. This work is significant in the context of smart antenna technology, considered as a potentially significant improvement to wireless systems, since it is a complete solution encompassing flat fading, timing error, and frequency offsets for multiple cochannel users     

Multirate digital filters for symbol timing synchronization insoftware defined radios

This paper describes the use of a polyphase filterbank to perform the interpolations required for symbol timing synchronization in a sampled-data receiver. The polyphase filterbank possesses advantages over architectures based on separate matched and interpolation filters. Interpolations are realized by filterbank index selection and a separate interpolating filter following the matched filter is not required. Maximum likelihood timing synchronization techniques can be easily incorporated into the polyphase filter bank in a natural way. An M-stage polyphase filterbank with input data sampled at approximately N samples/symbol can be used in a loop that operates at MN samples/symbol, N samples/symbol, or 1 sample/symbol. When operating at 1 sample/symbol, auxiliary control must also be included to adjust the clocking of data into the filter bank to account for small differences in the sample clock and N times the data clock. Examples are presented to illustrate loop performance and control     

Filterbank-based blind code synchronization for DS-CDMA systems in multipath fading channels

We present a filterbank approach to blind code synchronization for asynchronous direct-sequence (DS) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. The key idea of the proposed scheme is to first pass the received signal through a bank of filters, which are designed to enhance signals of interest and suppress interference/noise, and then to derive the code timing from the filtered data. The only required knowledge by the proposed filterbank scheme is the spreading code of the desired user. It can be used in various environments, including frequency-nonselective and frequency-selective, time-invariant, and time-varying fading channels. It can deal with colored channel noise and unmodeled interference, such as inter-cell interference (ICI) and narrowband interference. It has relatively low complexity and can be readily implemented using standard adaptive algorithms. We show that under mild conditions, the proposed scheme yields statistically consistent [in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)] code timing estimates, irrespective of the strength of the interference and with only a finite number of data samples. We also derive an unconditional Cramer-Rao bound (UCRB), which serves as a lower bound for all unbiased blind code synchronization schemes. Numerical results indicate that the proposed scheme compares favorably with a popular subspace-based method in terms of user capacity, near-far resistance, and robustness to time-varying fading and unmodeled interference.