多孔介质发动机的双区燃烧模型

多孔介质(PM)发动机是基于多孔介质燃烧技术的新型发动机,能够实现均质和稳定燃烧。在考虑了区间质量分布、壁面传热、区间质量交换等因素的基础上,结合多孔介质换热模型,建立了多孔介质发动机的一种双区模型,对其燃烧过程进行模拟。着重讨论了进气温度和压强、压缩比、过量空气系数等参数对多孔介质发动机性能的影响。计算结果表明多孔介质对混合气的预热作用,促进了液体燃料汽化和燃烧反应发生,多孔介质初始温度对发动机的压燃着火起决定性作用。     

多孔介质发动机燃烧过程的多维数值研究

多孔介质发动机是一种新概念内燃机,它能实现均质和稳定燃烧.用改进的KIVA-3V对一种特定结构的多孔介质发动机的工作过程进行了模拟,并讨论了多孔介质初始温度、多孔介质结构特点对其燃烧与工作特性的影响.计算结果表明,在压缩比一定时,多孔介质初始温度是多孔介质发动机能否压燃着火的决定性因素;不同结构的泡沫陶瓷直接影响多孔介质内气固两相的换热,影响燃烧后期缸内温度和多孔介质固相的平均温度.     

汽油机燃烧过程中气缸内对流换热的数值模拟

本文对Morel的汽油机缸内对流换热模型进行了改进,把一维模型应用于燃烧过程的计算,可以体现汽油机燃烧时缸内温度、组分浓度和湍流的空间变化对对流换热的影响,得到燃烧时对流换热量随时间的变化和在缸内的径向分布情况.计算实例表明,面积平均的对流换热系数远大于Woschni公式得到的计算值,缸内热流量的变化与火焰面的位置有密切关系.应用本文的数值模拟方法,还可以预测发动机的几个参数改变时,对流换热量的相应变化情况.     

两种形式多孔介质发动机燃用液体燃料的着火特性

融合一种新式燃烧理念的多孔介质发动机,能够实现发动机的均质、高效和稳定燃烧.为加深对两种形式多孔介质发动机燃用液体燃料着火特性的了解及探讨影响其各自压燃着火的因素,用改进的KIVA-3V对两种形式的多孔介质发动机燃用异辛烷的工作过程进行了模拟,并讨论了多孔介质初始温度、多孔介质结构对两种形式发动机压燃着火的影响.计算结果表明,压缩比一定时,多孔介质初始温度是决定两种形式多孔介质发动机能否实现压燃着火的重要因素;与永久性接触型发动机相比,在较低的多孔介质初始温度下,即可保证周期性接触型发动机实现压燃着火;多孔介质结构通过改变多孔介质内气固两相换热及弥散作用影响两种形式多孔介质发动机的压燃着火.     

多孔介质的热物性对往复流动下超绝热火焰的影响

多孔介质燃烧室的传热性能主要取决于多孔介质材料的热物性,本文在气固两相局部非热平衡假设基础上,建立往复式流动下多孔介质超绝热燃烧的二维数学模型,研究了多孔介质的比热、导热系数、衰减系数和体积换热系数等对温度分布和燃烧速率的影响,以期为多孔介质选材和往复流动下多孔介质超绝热燃烧器的优化设计提供理论依据。     

惰性多孔介质内天然气预混燃烧的数学模拟评述

天然气在惰性多孔介质内的预混燃烧是一个包含燃烧、辐射、对流及导热的复杂过程，从数学模拟的角度，比较了几种不同的甲烷-空气化学反应模型，研究了多孔介质内辐射传递方程的不同求解方法，并且分析了多孔介质的导热系数、对流换热系数等对燃烧器性能的影响。     

燃烧边界条件对乙醇均质压燃燃烧的影响

在一台由CA6110柴油机改造而成的单缸发动机上进行了燃烧边界条件对乙醇燃料均质压燃（HCCI）燃烧过程影响的试验研究。结果表明，在转速和进气温度一定时，随着过量空气系数的增加，着火始点推迟，燃烧持续期变长，缸内的最大燃烧压力降低，放热率降低，φ50（50％乙醇燃烧放热量所在的曲轴转角）位置推迟，燃烧效率降低；在发动机转速、进气温度和过量空气系数一定时，随着EGR率的升高，着火始点推迟，燃烧持续期延长，φ50位置推迟，放热速率降低，压力升高率变小，缸内最大燃烧压力减小，燃烧效率降低。在转速和供油量一定时，随着进气温度的升高，着火始点提前，燃烧持续期变短，压力升高率变大，缸内的最大燃烧压力变大。得到了发动机转速、过量空气系数和对应于最大指示热效率点的进气温度间的MAP图。     

引燃柴油喷油正时对LNG-柴油双燃料发动机燃烧特性的影响

以一台涡轮增压六缸柴油机改造的发动机为试验对象,研究引燃柴油喷油正时对LNG-柴油双燃料发动机燃烧特性的影响。研究了不同喷油正时下的双燃料发动机的缸内压力、压力升高率、缸内温度、燃烧放热规律、循环变动等参数。研究结果表明:引燃柴油喷油正时对双燃料发动机燃烧特性影响很大。随引燃柴油喷油正时的增大,最高缸内压力、最高压力升高率、最大燃烧温度和最大瞬时放热率先升高后降低且所对应的曲轴转角减小;峰值压力循环变动系数先降低后增大,峰值压力升高率循环变动系数降低。     

增压中冷柴油-天然气双燃料发动机燃烧特性的实验研究

对天然气替代率、引燃柴油喷油时刻和中冷后进气温度等燃烧系统参数对增压中冷柴油—天然气双燃料发动机燃烧特性的影响进行了实验研究。研究结果表明：增压中冷柴油—天然气双燃料发动机的燃烧放热速率比纯柴油快，引燃柴油的着火时刻和缸内燃料空燃比值决定着双燃料发动机的燃烧特性，即着火时刻在上止点前且空燃比值较小时，其燃烧接近于定容燃烧过程，随着天然气替代率的升高，缸内最大爆发压力和最高燃烧温度升高；而着火时刻在上止点后且空燃比值较大时，其燃烧接近于等压燃烧过程，随着天然气替代率升高，缸内最大爆发压力和最高燃烧温度降低。最大爆发压力、最高燃烧放热率和最高燃烧温度随引燃柴油喷油提前角的增大而升高；而随着进气温度升高，最大爆发压力和缸内温度增大。     

多孔介质中预混式燃烧的数值研究

本文考虑向燃烧室中插入高孔隙率的多孔介质的燃烧过程,根据气固两相局部非热平衡假设,建立了混合气体在惰性多孔介质中预混燃烧的一维数学模型,模拟了不同条件下甲烷-空气的预混合气在多孔介质中燃烧时的温度分布及气体流速、当量比和吸收系数对燃烧室气体温度峰值的影响.结果表明,多孔介质的存在明显改善了燃烧室的换热性能,强化了对新鲜混合气的预热,加速了燃烧反应的进行,燃烧室利用率提高.     

Simulation of a porous medium (PM) engine using a two-zone combustion model

Porous medium (PM) engine was a new type engine based on the technique of combustion in porous medium, which can realize homogeneous and stable combustion. In this paper, the combustion and working processes of a specific PM engine were simulated by a two-zone model considering the influences of the mass distribution, heat transfer from the cylinder wall, mass exchange between zones and the heat transfer in porous medium. Influences of operating parameters, e.g. intake temperature and pressure, compression ratio, the excess air ratio on the performance of the PM engine were discussed. It was found out that the porous medium, acting as a heat recuperator, can significantly enhance the evaporation of liquid fuel and preheat the mixture, which promotes the ignition and combustion in the cylinder; and that the initial PM temperature and the compression ratio are critical factors controlling the compression ignition of the mixture.     

多孔介质发动机再热循环有限时间热力学分析

建立了多孔介质（PM）发动机循环的有限时间热力学模型，对PM循环进行了分析，导出了存在摩擦及传热损失时循环功率与压缩比、效率与压缩比以及功率效率的特性关系，同时由数值计算分析了压缩比、预胀比、传热损失和摩擦损失对循环性能的影响特点。将PM循环与Otto循环进行了比较，结果表明：PM循环的性能要优于Otto循环的性能。     

一种新概念内燃机--基于多孔介质燃烧技术的超绝热发动机

多孔介质中的超绝热燃烧是一种先进的燃烧技术，具有高效低污染的特点。将这一技术应用于发动机领域，有可能引起内燃机技术和产业的一场重大革新。介绍超绝热燃烧的概念，讨论了多孔介质中往复流动下超绝热燃烧的特点，对多孔介质发动机的工作循环作了简单的热力学分析。在此基础上，对当前国外超绝热发动机的基础研究进行综述，着重介绍了分别由美国、日本和德国提出的三种超绝热发动机的方案的理论和实验研究进展，以期引起我国内燃机界对这一发展动向的关注。     

Numerical study of heat transfer of hydrogen combustion in noble gases atmosphere in compression ignition engine

The high energy content of hydrogen and zero carbon emission from hydrogen combustion is very important for compression ignition engine development. Hydrogen requires a very high auto-ignition temperature, which encourages replacing nitrogen with noble gases with higher specific heat ratio during compression process. In noble gases-hydrogen combustion, higher combustion temperature potentially leading to a higher heat loss. This paper aims to investigate the effect of hydrogen combustion in various noble gases on heat distribution and heat transfer on the cylinder wall. Converge CFD software was used to simulate a Yanmar NF19SK direct injection compression ignition engine. The local heat flux was measured at different locations of cylinder wall and piston head. The heat transfer of hydrogen combustion in various noble gases at different intake temperatures was studied using the numerical approach. As a result, hydrogen combustion in light noble gases such as helium produces faster combustion progress and higher heat temperature. The hydrogen combustion that experienced detonation, which happened in neon at 340 K and argon at 380 K, recorded a very high local heat flux at the cylinder head and piston due to the rapid combustion, which should be avoided in the engine operation. At a higher intake temperature, the rate of heat transfer on the cylinder wall is increased. In conclusion, helium was found as the best working gas for controlling combustion and heat transfer. Overall, the heat transfer data gained in this paper can be used to construct the future engine hydrogen in noble gases.     

内燃机冷却系统中应用纳米流体强化传热研究综述

内燃机工作时依赖冷却系统将多余热量及时带走以保证燃烧室核心部件及润滑油膜的正常工作温度。常规内燃机冷却介质导热系数偏低,而新一代强化传热工质纳米流体具有明显提升的传热性能,应用于内燃机冷却系统有利于强化内燃机传热及提高热管理性能。且由于纳米流体的传热性能受纳米粒子的种类、大小、浓度、形状等因素影响,可以通过改变这些因素控制内燃机冷却水腔的传热量。综述了国内外研究者针对纳米流体导热系数与对流换热性能开展的试验测试、理论分析和计算机模拟研究工作,以及纳米流体应用于内燃机冷却系统中强化传热的进展,最后指出当前研究工作的不足及未来工作方向。     

A universal model of opposed flow combustion of solid fuel over an inert porous medium

In this study, a universal model is developed to examine the behavior of combustion wave observed in porous solid matters (e.g., smoldering, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration process). Analytical expressions of the combustion characters of solid combustible (e.g., diesel particulate matters trapped in a DPF) deposited over an inert porous medium are obtained employing large activation energy asymptotic taking into account the sensible transport processes; namely, heat transfer between the porous medium and gas phases, radiation heat transfer from the porous medium, heat loss from the porous medium to the environment, mass transfer of oxygen from the gas stream to the surface of solid fuel and the effective diffusion in modeling the species diffusion. Then it has been validated that the present model is applicable and adaptable for predicting the characteristics of smoldering combustion and thus SHS process. As a result, the features of combustion wave of the present phenomena would be useful to other processes. From practical point of view and for deep understanding of the behavior of combustion wave of these processes, we investigate the effects of various physical parameters over a wide range of conditions. We observe that the moving speed of the reaction front increases with the increase of porosity of the porous medium, mass transfer coefficient and initial fuel mass fraction; while it decreases owing to the increase of heat transfer rate from the porous medium to the gas, heat loss to the environment and radiative heat transfer. Furthermore, the results reveal that extinction tends to occur due to lower porosity of the porous medium, higher radiative heat transfer from the porous medium, higher heat transfer rate from the porous medium to the gas and higher heat losses from the porous medium to the environment. Even the observed near-extinction behavior in reaction front speed versus heat loss diagram is found to be similar what we got in gaseous premixed flame propagating through the porous medium. An extinction limit diagram has been presented as a function of radiation-conduction parameter and the gas flow velocity. In addition to, the impact of radiation and the combined effect of the inclusion of Knudsen diffusion and tortuosity are demonstrated in terms of the spatial temperature and species profiles to examine how these two parameters modify the reaction front structure. Furthermore, the governing equations have been solved numerically and it is observed that asymptotic analysis gives a good agreement with the numerical solution.     

燃烧室部件耦合系统过渡工况传热全仿真模拟研究

内燃机的起动、停车、加载等运行工况发生急剧变化（过渡工况）过程中,其燃烧室部位外于强烈地被加热或被冷却状态。这种热冲击增加了部件的动态疲劳热应力,给内燃机的可靠性带来严重恶果,是导致燃烧室部位破裂的主要原因之一。燃烧室部件的传热研究是热负荷计算和评定的基础,对内燃机的可靠性设计具有重要意义。作对燃烧室部件活塞组气缸套耦合系统在过渡工况下的耦合传热关系进行了较深入的研究,建立了描述这一传热过程的数学模型;并利用该模型,模拟了125风冷柴油机在各种过渡工况下的传热情况。     

柴油机准维燃烧模型中经验参数确定的研究

选用２４０单缸柴油机作为试验样机,将由准维燃烧模型所得的放热规律与工作过程数值计算结合,以模拟计算出的爆发压力、功率与实测值最接近作为目标函数,应用正交网格法确定准维模型中的几个经验参数,并建立宏观等效系统计算瞬态热交换系数,从而完成了柴油机准维燃烧模型中经验参数确定的研究。     

Numerical analysis of combustion and transient heat transfer processes in a two-stroke SI engine

A zero-dimensional model is presented to simulate the transient processes occurring within a two-stroke SI engine. A two zone combustion model, with a spherically expanding flame front originating from the spark location, is applied. The model is numerically solved using the network simulation model which allows coupling the combustion model with a heat transfer model where both radiant and convective heat contributions have been taken into account for the in-cylinder gases. The boundary conditions for this model are the convective heat transferred to the cooling medium. A gas mixture model has been used to obtain the influence of working fluid properties on combustion development.