雷公藤T4,T7单体对大鼠生精细胞染色体和微核的影响

本文采用体内给药的方法，研究了雷公藤中抗生育有效化合物Ｔ４，Ｔ７在抗生育剂量下，对ＳＤ雄性大鼠生殖细胞染色体畸变率和微核形成的影响，大鼠口服Ｔ４抗生育剂量为每日８０μｇ／ｋｇＴ７为３１７μｇ／ｋｇ，１０周后制片分析，并与对照组比较，发现染色体畸形平均值各组之间的差异没有统计学意义（Ｐ〉０．０５），各组之间的生精细胞微核出现率也无统计学意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结果表明：雷公藤中抗生育有效成分Ｔ４Ｔ７单     

利凡诺的遗传毒性研究

采用Ａｍｅｓ试验，小鼠骨髓多染红细胞（ＰＣＥ）微核试验，中国仓鼠肺细胞（ＣＨＬ）染色体畸变试验，人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变试验和姐妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）试验对利凡诺进行检测。结果利凡诺在ＴＡ９７、ＴＡ１００和ＴＡ１０２菌株±Ｓ９ｍｉｘ时剂量１～１００μｇ／皿阴性，ＴＡ９８菌株－Ｓ９阴性，＋Ｓ９阳性，显示出诱变性。各剂量组微核细胞率０．９‰～１．２‰，与溶剂对照１．０％比较，无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），３个剂量组ＣＨＬ细胞染色体畸变率在正常范围（＜５％）。不同时相人外周血淋巴细胞染色畸变率和ＳＣＥ频率分别与对照比较，无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。研究结果表明利凡诺无诱发小鼠骨髓ＰＣＥ微核、ＣＨＬ细胞染色体畸变、人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和ＳＣＥ频率的增加作用。仅发现利凡诺对ＴＡ９８菌株（＋Ｓ９ｍｉｘ）有诱发回复突变菌落数增加作用，是一种细菌致突变剂，但对人体不产生潜在遣传危害。     

生精固本丸对小鼠免疫功能的影响

Ｐ＜０．０１结果如表２所示，生精固本丸在２．５ｇ／ｋｇ、５ｇ／ｋｇ、１０ｇ／ｋｇ的剂量体内用药，对ＣｏｎＡ诱导的小鼠的Ｔ细胞的增殖反应有增强作用，而对ＬＰＳ诱导的小鼠Ｂ细胞的增殖反应效果不显著。香菇多糖是已知的免疫增强剂，生精固本丸与之相比作用相似。２．３生精固本丸对小鼠游泳耗竭的影响结果见表３。表３生精固本丸对小氧游泳耗竭的影响注：与对照组相比＊Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．００１结果表明，动物给药５ｇ／ｋｇ、１０ｇ／ｋｇ，连用４ｄ，游泳耗竭时间分别为１５．１±３．５及３５．０±５．３ｍｉｎ，与对照组相比均有显著性差异，表明本品具有较强的抗疲劳作用。而给药２．５ｇ／ｋｇ时，与对照组相比则无明显差异，提示本品具有明显的量效关系。     

雷公藤多甙及其活性化合物的遗传学研究

雷公藤乡甙(GTW)在雄性大鼠及男子均可致不育而无明显毒副作用,从雷公藤提得的新化合物T_4在雄大鼠也有明确的抗生育作用,至于它们是否会产生遗传学后果,是人们关注而迄未报道的问题。本文进行了GTW对大鼠及人某些重要遗传学指标的影响,包括大鼠显性致死突变、胎肝淋巴细胞染色体畸变与微核率、以及人外周淋巴细胞染色体畸变率、姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)率、微核率、细胞分裂指数的研究,也观察了T_4对大鼠外周淋巴细胞微核率的影响。结果表明,从上述指标来看,抗生育剂量的GTW及T_4未见导致明显的遗传学影响。     

雷藤氯内酯和雷公藤内酯酮对大鼠骨髓细胞染色体与微核的影响

目的 :观察雷藤氯内酯 (T4)和雷公藤内酯酮 (T7)对SD雄性大鼠骨髓细胞染色体与微核的影响 ,了解其抗生育时的安全性。　方法 :雄性SD大鼠 ,随机分为用药组 (T4、T7)和阴性对照组 3组 ,每组 10只。用药组大鼠灌服抗生育剂量T4为 80 μg/ (kg·d)或T7为 317μg/ (kg·d) ,连续用药 10周后采用骨髓细胞染色体和微核制片方法进行分析 ,阴性对照组给等量的载体 (1%羧甲基纤维素钠 )。　结果 :用药组与对照组比较 ,3组之间骨髓细胞染色体畸变平均值差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;骨髓细胞微核出现率差异也无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :提示抗生育剂量的T4和T7在对SD大鼠遗传学影响方面无明显的诱变作用。     

输精管复通后大鼠睾丸生精细胞凋亡状况的研究

目的 研究输精管阻断所生精细胞凋亡状况在输精管复通后的变化。方法 以雄性ＳＤ大鼠为研究对象，建立输精管阻断及阻断后复通模型，采用ＮＤＡ缺口原位标记凋亡细胞方法，观察大鼠生精细胞在输精管复通后４、８、１２及１６周的凋亡状况。结果 生精细胞凋亡逐渐减轻，至复通后８周开始显著少于阻断组（Ｐ〈０．０５），但８周和１２周仍显著多于阻断前水平（Ｐ〈０．０５），至１６周凋亡细胞数接近阻断前水平（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

用腹膜平衡试验等三项指标制定腹膜透析治疗方案

用腹膜平衡试验（ＰＥＴ）、尿素清除指数（ＫＴ／Ｖ）及蛋白分解率（ＰＣＲ）作为指标，制定合理的腹膜透析治疗方案。方法根据ＰＥＴ、ＫＴ／Ｖ、ＰＣＲ、白蛋白（Ａｌｂ）及临床疗效对３４例腹透患者进行综合分析，制定个体化、充分、合理的腹透方案。结果对高转运ＫＴ／Ｖ＞１．７且营养状态好（ＰＣＲ＞１．０ｇ·ｋｇ－１／ｄ、Ａｌｂ＞４０ｇ／Ｌ）者继续ＣＡＰＤ治疗；高转运ＫＴ／Ｖ＞１．７但营养不良（ＰＣＲ＜１．０ｇ·ｋｇ－１／ｄ、Ａｌｂ＜３０ｇ／Ｌ）者，应补充高营养，可使康复。如为低于平均转运ＫＴ／Ｖ＜１．５，且有严重营养不良，补充高营养并增加透析剂量仍无效者应改作血液透析。结论按ＰＥＴ、ＫＴ／Ｖ及ＰＣＲ指标，可制订合理透析方案，提高患者生存质量     

昆明山海棠提取物TH5对雄性大鼠的抗生育活性

为了开发避孕新药，作者对昆明山海棠提取物ＴＨ５的抗生育活性进行了研究。５批Ｗｉｓｔａｒ成年雄性大鼠灌服ＴＨ５（１１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ）３０天后的雄性抗生育有效率平均为９７％（８６／８９）。停服ＴＨ５２０天后的大鼠附睾尾部三项精子参数统计值明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；停服ＴＨ５５０天后，９０％的受试大鼠恢复生育，其附睾尾部的三项精子参数值与对照组相比无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＴＨ５对大鼠体重、睾丸重量与大小等无影响。认为ＴＨ５具有发展为男用避孕药的良好前景。     

雷公藤多甙在大鼠肾移植模型中的实验研究

用显微外科技术建立大鼠肾移植模型（Ｗ→ＳＤ）。将大鼠分为四组：对照组仅给生理盐水，雷公藤多甙（Ｔ_Ⅱ）组给Ｔ_Ⅱ３０ｍｇ·ｋｇ~（１）·ｄ~（－１），ＣｓＡ组给ＣｓＡ１５ｍｇ·ｋｇ~（－１）·ｄ~（－１），ＣｓＡ＋Ｔ_Ⅱ组同时给ＣｓＡ１５ｍｇ·ｋｇ~（－１）·ｄ~（－１）＋Ｔ_Ⅱ３０ｍｇ·ｋｇ~（－１）·ｄ~（－１）。对照组大鼠肾移植后平均存活时间为７．３±２．２天，Ｔ_Ⅱ组平均存活时间为１８．１±３．７天，两组存活时间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｔ_Ⅱ＋ＣｓＡ组平均存活时间为３４．６±５．２天，ＣｓＡ组为２６．１±４．６天。单纯用药的两组分别与联合用药组比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｔ_Ⅱ３０ｍｇ·ｋｇ~（－１）·ｄ~（－１）对大鼠肝、肾、心脏及白细胞总数无影响，但显著抑制大鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化。Ｔ_Ⅱ也显著抑制大鼠外周血白细胞介素－２受体水平，但抑制能力不及ＣｓＡ。     

骨疏康冲剂与钙剂联合应用防治维甲酸所致大鼠骨质疏松的实验研究

目的探讨骨疏康冲剂与钙剂联合应用防治维甲酸所致大鼠骨质疏松的疗效。方法选用３～４月龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠６０只,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、骨疏康组、钙组和骨疏康加钙组。除正常对照组外,给其他各组灌服维甲酸（７０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）２周,同时用药各组分别灌服骨疏康冲剂（８ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）、高效钙（７５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）、骨疏康冲剂（８ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）加高效钙（７５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）。实验第４周末处死大鼠,测定股骨骨密度;取胫骨上段制作脱钙切片,进行骨组织形态观察;取股骨行三点弯曲试验,测骨生物力学性能指标。结果模型组与正常组比较,股骨骨密度降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,胫骨上段骨组织形态发生典型骨质疏松改变,股骨生物力学性能降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。骨疏康加钙组与模型组比较,股骨骨密度增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,胫骨上段骨组织病理变化明显改善,股骨生物力学性能增强（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论骨疏康冲剂与钙剂联合应用有防治骨质疏松症的作用,能提高骨的抗变形、抗破坏能力,从而降低骨折发生的危险性。     

Anterior spinal artery syndrome after total spondylectomy of T10, T11, and T12

Although radical resection is the best treatment for local aggressive benign tumors or malignant tumors of the spine, total spondylectomy for lower thoracic vertebrae may cause anterior spinal artery syndrome. There are few reports in the literature in which this syndrome has been documented in association with thoracic spondylectomy, although this syndrome is the most common neurologic complication after abdominal aortic surgery. A 50-year-old woman with a giant cell tumor of the thoracic vertebrae was treated by posterior and anterior surgery. Thoracic segmental arteries from T10 to T12 had to be resected bilaterally to dissect the aorta free from the tumor. After resection of all feeding arteries to the tumor, the tumor and entire parts of T10, T11, and T12 were removed. Postoperative neurologic examination disclosed flaccid paralysis of the lower extremities and sphincter incontinence. Although pain and temperature sensation were absent, vibration and position sense were intact, showing anterior spinal artery syndrome. Intraoperative somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring only showed that transient deterioration failed to adequately reflect this neurologic injury. Major reconstructive surgery involving lower thoracic regions may cause anterior spinal artery syndrome. Somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring might not reliably predict overall neurologic outcome involving the blood supply of the lower thoracic regions.     

Six-Year Follow-Up of Patients With Microinvasive, T1a, and T1b Breast Carcinoma

Background: Management of patients with breast cancers 1 cm remains controversial. Reports of infrequent nodal metastases in tumors 5 mm has led to suggestions that axillary dissection should be selective, and that tumor characteristics should guide adjuvant therapy.Methods: A retrospective review of 290 patients with breast cancer 1 cm in size or smaller from 1989 to 1991 was done. Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was the primary outcome measure.Results: There were 95 T1a (5 mm) and 196 T1b (6–10 mm) cancers. Nodal metastases were found in 8 T1a and 26 T1b tumors. Larger size, poorer differentiation, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were associated with more nodal metastases, but none of these trends reached statistical significance. The 6-year DDFS was 93% for node-negative and 87% for node-positive patients (P = .02). Overall, breast cancers with poorer differentiation and LVI trended toward a poorer outcome. For patients with node-negative tumors, LVI was associated with a poorer outcome (P = .03). The size of the primary tumor was not predictive of outcome. There were no nodal metastases or recurrences in the 18 patients with microinvasive breast cancer.Conclusions: Lymph node status is the major determinant of outcome in breast cancers 1 cm in size or smaller. Accurate axillary assessment remains crucial in management of small breast cancer.Presented at the 51st Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society of Surgical Oncology, San Diego, California, March 1998.     

Cytokines, T cells and proliferative glomerulonephritis

SUMMARY: The glomerulus, by virtue of its functional role as a filter, is vulnerable to injury in the context of inflammatory responses, with the potential involvement of a number of different inflammatory processes. Recent work has provided insights into the role of T cells in proliferative glomerulonephritis, particularly in determining patterns of injury and outcomes in cresentic forms of glomerulonephritis. Experimental models have shown that in proliferative glomerulonephritis, cytokines play important roles both in determining T helper cell phenotype (particularly in the context of T helper cell 1 responses) and (from T cell themselves) in activating effectors of injury. Conversely, some cytokines regulate T cell responses to limit injury. There is an emerging role in other areas of the inflammatory response for cytokines traditionally thought to be involved predominantly in the injurious T cell response. These include regulatory T cells, the interaction between resident renal cells and leukocytes and the development of renal fibrosis. Cytokine-based therapies are entering clinical practice in other diseases. However, a number of challenges and questions remain to be answered before translating basic understanding into clinical practice in immune glomerular injury.     

T1、T2结直肠癌系膜转移危险因素及生存分析

目的探讨浸润深度T1、T2结直肠癌发生淋巴结/癌结节转移的危险因素及生存情况。方法对260例伴/不伴系膜转移的结直肠癌病例采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存统计分析,对侵袭前沿组织标本进行免疫组化分析,对各种影响因素行单变量或多变量Cox回归分析。结果共入选260例T1、T2结直肠癌病例,其中无系膜转移者218例,阳性淋巴结和（或）癌结节者42例。出现系膜淋巴结转移或系膜癌结节者,3年无病生存期DFS和5年总体生存期OS均低于阴性组（P〈0.01）,多因素分析提示女性、组织低分化、神经脉管浸润、术前CEA水平〉5μg/L为转移危险因素,CD80在无转移组侵袭前沿表达高于系膜转移组。结论系膜淋巴结转移或癌结节为T1、T2结直肠癌预后不良因素,结直肠癌患者行局部切除须谨慎选择病例,女性、组织低分化、脉管神经浸润、术前CEA增高为发生系膜转移危险因素,CD80在侵袭前沿的高表达为一保护性因素。     

Polyamines,hydrolases (PAP,LAP, SDH,plasmin) TSH,T3, T4 and C-peptide in benign hyperplasia of the prostate

Summary High concentrations of polyamines have been found in the normal human prostate. The profile of these amines appeared significantly changes in benign hypertrophy of the prostate. An increase of spermine and a fall of putrescine were always found in patients with a hypertrophied prostate weighing more than 30 g. Alterations of plasmin in these tissues seemed to reflect changes in the matrix; abnormalities of thyroid and pancreatic function documented by changes in the serum levels of TSH and c-peptide which are thought to be further evidence of a mesenchymal-epithelial interaction in the pathogenesis of benign prostate hypertrophy.Supported by DFG Du 83-2, 3     

Transoral laser microsurgery for Tis,T1, and T2 glottic carcinoma: 5-year follow-up

Lasers in Medical Science - The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the results obtained with CO2 TOLMS in patients with Tis, T1, and T2 glottic tumors at our Department from 2004 to...