钢-混凝土简支组合梁的恢复力模型

根据5根不同剪力连接度钢-混凝土简支组合梁在低周竖向反复荷载作用下的恢复力特性试验结果,对不同剪力连接度组合梁的屈服荷载、屈服挠度、极限荷载、极限挠度及平台荷载进行分析,建立简支钢-混凝土组合梁正向加载和反向加载的骨架曲线模型,并提出统一的实用计算公式,根据试验结果,建立简支组合梁的荷载-挠度恢复力模型的滞回规则.     

Static and fatigue behavior of large stud shear connectors for steel-concrete composite bridges

For the design of shear connection in high shear areas of steel-concrete composite bridges, large shear studs can be an excellent alternative. Through the push-out tests on large stud shear connectors up to 30 mm diameter, which are beyond the limitation of current design codes, static and fatigue behavior was investigated and compared with design equations. The ultimate strength of the shear connection showed that the design shear strength in Eurocode-4 and AASHTO LRFD gives conservative values for large studs. The fatigue endurance obtained from the tests was slightly lower than the current design codes in Eurocode-4. Based on the push-out test results on large studs, partial composite beams with about 38% degree of shear connection were fabricated and static tests were performed. The ultimate strength and horizontal shear load redistribution of partial composite beams, which had parameters of stud shank diameters and distribution, were evaluated and group failure in shear span was observed. The ultimate strength of the shear connection had a value about 1.59 times larger than that from push-out tests.     

Behavior of steel-concrete composite cantilever box beams under negative moment

Four steel-concrete composite cantilever beam specimens were tested to investigate their mechanical behavior under negative moment induced by concentrated loads at the ends of the beams. The failure modes, serviceability and ultimate bearing capacities of the composite beams with full shear connection were studied. The crack initiation and propagation were investigated with consideration of two types of shear connectors. Three kinds of longitudinal reinforcement ratios were also examined. The experimental results indicate that an increase in the reinforcement ratio is beneficial to the bearing capacity of the composite beams to some extent and that the shear stud connector is superior to the steel block connector with regards to the serviceability of the beams. Two numerical models, which were based on a concrete material model and an elasto-plastic material model, were employed to simulate the behavior of steel-concrete composite beams. The numerical calculation results show that the combination of the two models can be used to predict the longitudinal cracking load and ultimate bearing capacity of composite cantilever beams. Based on the experimental and numerical results, it was found that the ultimate bearing capacity of a steel-concrete composite beam under negative moment can be significantly affected by longitudinal cracks in the concrete slabs. An equation to predict the longitudinal cracking load of a composite cantilever beam under negative moment by concentrated load was proposed and found to have good accuracy.     

腐蚀与荷载耦合作用下钢-混凝土组合梁长期变形研究

为探究腐蚀与荷载耦合作用下钢 混凝土组合梁长期变形规律,对钢-混凝土组合梁进行腐蚀与荷载耦合作用225d的长期性能试验,考虑不同加载龄期、栓钉锈蚀率对钢-混凝土组合梁界面相对滑移和长期挠度的影响。研究结果表明：在腐蚀与荷载耦合作用下,栓钉锈蚀率越高,组合梁的界面相对滑移及长期挠度也越大;长期挠度增长与混凝土徐变发展规律类似,与混凝土加载龄期7d的组合梁相比,混凝土加载龄期28d的组合梁长期挠度较小;基于龄期调整的有效模量法和应力重分布原理,考虑组合梁由混凝土收缩徐变和栓钉锈蚀引起的附加挠度,提出栓钉锈蚀条件下组合梁的长期挠度计算公式;组合梁长期挠度理论计算值与实测值吻合较好,可为工程实际运用提供参考。     

剪力连接度对钢-混凝土组合梁抗震性能的影响

报道了9根不同剪力连接度钢-混凝土组合梁(5根简支组合梁,4根连续梁)的低周竖向反复荷载部分试验研究结果。对钢-混凝土组合梁的破坏形态、滞回规律、耗能能力、刚度退化规律等抗震性能进行了深入的分析,重点探讨了不同剪力连接度对钢-混凝土组合梁抗震性能的影响。     

Experimental study on mechanical behavior of shear studs in assembled monolithic steel-concrete composite beam

为研究装配整体式钢-混凝土组合梁中栓钉抗剪连接件的受力性能,设计了10个栓钉抗剪连接件,对其进行推出试验,得到了现浇混凝土板和预制混凝土板中栓钉抗剪连接件在单调和重复荷载作用下的界面剪力-滑移曲线以及破坏形态。结果表明：预制混凝土板中栓钉受剪承载力比现浇混凝土中栓钉受剪承载力略低,均为栓杆剪断和栓钉根部焊缝破坏;重复荷载作用下峰值界面剪力对应的界面滑移明显大于单调荷载作用下峰值界面剪力对应的界面滑移;重复荷载作用下的峰值界面剪力与单调荷载下的峰值界面剪力相当,其界面剪力-滑移曲线基本一致。     

Longitudinal shear test on steel-concrete composite beam with two rows of shear studs

为研究带双排栓钉的组合梁的纵向受剪性能,进行了7个带双排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁试件和1个带单排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁对比试件的纵向受剪试验。研究栓钉横向或纵向间距、横向配筋率、混凝土强度、栓钉排布方式等因素对带双排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁纵向受剪性能和混凝土板破坏形态的影响,并分析了各研究参数对峰值荷载和极限滑移量的影响。结果表明：带双排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁试件破坏模式主要表现为“八”字形裂缝的剪切破坏;栓钉横向、纵向间距、混凝土强度以及混凝土板配筋率是影响钢-混凝土组合梁受剪承载力的主要因素;受剪承载力均随着栓钉横向间距、纵向间距、混凝土强度以及混凝土板的横向配筋率的增加而增大。     

单调荷载下栓钉连接件受剪性能试验研究

栓钉是钢-混凝土组合梁中常用的柔性受剪连接件。通过18个栓钉受剪试件在单调荷载下的推出试验,较系统地研究了混凝土强度等级、栓钉直径以及钢梁类型等参数对栓钉的破坏形态、破坏机理、荷载-滑移规律和极限受剪承载力的影响。研究表明:栓钉的受剪承载力随着混凝土强度等级的提高以及栓钉直径的增大而增加;轧制工字钢试件中栓钉的受剪承载力比焊接工字钢试件中的高10%~30%。在试验的基础上提出了栓钉受剪承载力的计算方法。     

钢-混凝土组合梁抗裂性能的试验研究

为研究钢-混凝土连续组合梁的受力性能,特别是体外预应力对抗裂性能和刚度的影响,完成3根反向加载的简支组合梁和3根2跨连续组合梁的静力加载试验,其中包括2根在钢梁和混凝土板内折线布筋的体外预应力组合梁。试验表明:非预应力组合梁在负弯矩作用下的开裂荷载较低,连续梁在较低荷载下就会由于混凝土开裂而发生明显的内力重分布,且横向钢筋间距对裂缝间距具有一定影响;折线布筋的体外预应力组合梁开裂荷载增大,裂缝间距和裂缝宽度明显减小,且相同荷载下的挠度下降,说明体外预应力可有效改善组合梁的综合受力性能。此外,预应力作用对组合梁的滑移分布有较明显影响。     

Experimental study and numerical analysis on mechanical behavior of T-shape stiffened orthotropic steel-concrete composite bridge decks

A new-type of orthotropic steel-concrete composite bridge deck system was developed, by casting the concrete overlay on the top of the orthotropic steel deck ribbed with T-shape steel members. To study its mechanical behavior (in terms of failure mode, load-deflection relationship, concrete crack initiation and propagation, strength, stiffness and so on), two new-type orthotropic steel-concrete composite bridge decks with different section dimensions were experimentally investigated and two reference decks (reinforced concrete deck and orthotropic steel deck) were also involved in the research for comparison. For the two new-type orthotropic steel-concrete composite decks, the average value of ultimate loads per width is 885.7kN, which is 2.35 and 1.61 times of that of the concrete and steel reference decks with almost the same section height. Experimental results proved that the composite deck can effectively control the crack initiation and propagation in the concrete and postpone the yielding of the steel bars and steel plates, due to the composite action between the concrete overlay and the underlying steel plate. Furthermore, the Finite Element (FE) model of the orthotropic steel-concrete composite deck was developed and validated by test results. A parametric study is conducted regarding to the stiffness of shear studs. With the validated FE model, stress distribution in the underlying steel plate and T-shape stiffeners and development of concrete cracking in the concrete overlay were characterized at different load levels.     

体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁力学性能研究

对一种新型的体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁与普通的钢箱-混凝土组合梁进行对比试验,研究这两种钢箱-混凝土组合梁受力过程中的应变分布、界面滑移、刚度、极限强度等力学性能的差异。试验证实,体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁比普通的钢箱-混凝土组合梁的刚度提高54.15%,极限强度提高27.72%。由于体外索的作用,减少了钢箱-混凝土组合梁的脆性破坏程度,提高了结构的强度与刚度,使钢箱-混凝土组合梁的应变分布和增长更为合理。因此,体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁具有更好的力学性能。试验表明,截面应变沿宽度方向呈非线性分布,剪力滞效应随荷载的增加而变化,并不是常量。研究还发现,体外索应力与混凝土翼板最大压应变有密切的关系。在试验研究基础上,建立了截面非线性分析模型和体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁极限强度计算公式,计算的极限强度与试验结果符合很好,这为体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁极限强度的理论分析和工程实际应用提供了有意义的参考和研究途径。     

Zur Frage der Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Kopfbolzendübeln

Fatigue resistance of headed shear studs. The design concepts in current national and international standards for headed shear studs in composite structures under fatigue loads are based on the assumptions, that the ultimate shear resistance of headed shear studs and the load‐deflection behaviour under service loads are not affected by high cyclic loading up to the theoretical value of their life time. These assumptions do not represent the real behaviour of headed shear studs subjected to fatigue loading. The paper deals with the results of the project C8 within the scope of Collaborative Research Centre 398 funded by the German Research Foundation. Based on a comprehensive program of experimental investigations new damage models to describe the effect of high cyclic loading on the local behaviour of headed shear studs are developed. On this basis the interaction between the local damage at the studs and the global behaviour of composite beams is investigated.     

Resistance of headed studs subjected to fatigue loading Part II: Analytical study

Most design codes consider the static and fatigue resistance of composite steel-concrete structures with separate verifications for ultimate limit state and the limit state of fatigue. For headed shear studs both verifications are based on worldwide performed experimental investigations with push-out specimens. The determination of the fatigue life of headed shear studs in recent European codes is based on the S-N curve developed from the statistical analysis of a great number of cyclic push-out tests. The S-N curve considers the shear stress range as the only loading parameter. In addition, the maximum shear force is limited at serviceability limit states in order to avoid significant inelastic behaviour. However, recent researches showed that beside the shear stress range, also the peak load and the static strength of the shear studs influence the fatigue life. Based on the results of the 71 push-out tests presented in the earlier companion paper, international push-out tests to determine the fatigue life of headed shear studs in solid concrete slabs are sorted and reanalyzed and analytical expressions are developed to predict the fatigue life and the reduced static strength after high cycle preloading. Furthermore, the linear damage accumulation hypothesis according to Palmgren and Miner is modified and improved to consider load sequence effects and non-linear behaviour.     

陶粒混凝土-开孔薄壁钢梁组合楼板的受力性能研究

由腹板开孔且翼缘卷边的H形薄壁钢梁和陶粒混凝土预制板经后浇砂浆和抗剪键组装而成的组合楼板,具有轻质、高强、无需支模、装配化程度高等优势。为研究该类组合楼板的受力性能,对6组不同构造的两边简支组合楼板试件开展静载试验,分析抗剪键分布及薄壁钢壁厚的变化对组合楼板整体受力性能的影响。结果表明：对应等效均布荷载2kN/m2的组合楼板,中心挠度远小于L/500,能够承担的最大荷载值为13.25kN/m2;当混凝土严重开裂且板跨中最大挠度达到L/45时,组合楼板试件并未出现整体塌落;主钢梁上抗剪栓钉的增加,对提高组合楼板的极限荷载和整体刚度均不明显;边梁增设抗剪栓钉对组合楼板的屈服荷载及整体刚度均产生显著影响,当边梁设置与主梁同样的抗剪栓钉时,屈服荷载和整体刚度增幅分别为82.1%和35.6%。     

矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁负弯矩区受力性能试验研究

矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁由混凝土板和矩形钢管混凝土桁架组成,在竖向荷载作用下,其正弯矩区可充分发挥混凝土板和桁架的组合作用,但负弯矩区的力学性能较为薄弱且受拉混凝土板容易开裂。针对这一问题,提出了在负弯矩区混凝土板施加预应力以及布置局部释放剪切作用的剪力钉相结合的组合桁梁结构形式。采用跨中施加反向集中荷载模拟连续梁支点反力的方法,对2榀承受负弯矩的矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁进行了静力加载试验,对其荷载-位移关系、裂缝发展规律、混凝土板应变分布、桁梁荷载-应变关系、钢与混凝土界面滑移及承载力进行了分析。还根据组合桁梁的简化力学模型对不同加载阶段的结构特征荷载进行了讨论。结果表明：采用局部释放剪切作用的剪力钉和混凝土板施加预应力的组合桁梁结构形式可有效提高其抗裂性能,但对受弯承载力影响较小;在加载过程中混凝土板的开裂和杆件的屈服导致结构塑性变形增大,最终节点处焊缝撕裂,组合桁梁丧失承载力;由简化力学模型计算得到的结构特征内力与实测值吻合较好,可为矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁负弯矩区的设计和计算提供参考。     

钢-混凝土连续组合梁的恢复力模型

通过8根钢-混凝土连续组合梁在低周反复荷载作用下的试验,研究其恢复力特性。结果表明,荷载-跨中挠度滞回曲线随着位移的增大由梭形逐步过渡到近似的四边形;增大剪力连接度η和纵向综合力比Rp(中支座负弯矩区)连续组合梁仍然有很好的延性;组合梁的加、卸载刚度退化规律呈指数函数变化。根据研究结果提出能考虑剪力连接度和纵向综合力比影响的钢-混凝土连续组合梁的骨架曲线公式及恢复力滞回规则,建立荷载-跨中挠度(P-Δ)恢复力模型。     

集中荷载作用下钢-混凝土组合梁界面滑移及变形

报道了8榀集中荷载作用下钢-混凝土组合简支梁的滑移规律和变形的试验结果。利用Goodman弹性夹层假设,推导了钢-混凝土组合简支梁的界面滑移和挠度变形的理论计算公式。该理论公式既能描述组合梁的界面滑移规律,又可以计算界面滑移对组合梁变形挠度的影响。利用通用有限元软件对钢-混凝土组合梁的界面滑移与变形进行了非线性有限元分析,并将多项计算结果进行了比较。通过大量理论计算,探讨工程设计中合适的剪力连接度。本文所得的理论计算公式,将方便工程设计人员对钢-混凝土组合结构滑移和变形挠度进行计算,并为其极限承载力的有限元计算提供了理论基础。     

不同剪力连接程度钢-混凝土组合梁的有限元分析

介绍钢-混凝土组合梁的有限元分析原理,建立了剪力连接件的单元刚度矩阵表达式,提出了连接件的非线性有限元模型。采用大型有限元软件ANSYS对均布荷载作用下的钢-混凝土简支组合梁在不同剪力连接程度下的应力、变形和滑移进行了分析。分析结果可用于组合梁实践应用中的连接程度优化选择。     

Load carrying capacity of composite beams prestressed with external tendons under positive moment

Tests have been carried out to study the ultimate moment and incremental tendon stress of steel-concrete composite beams prestressed with external tendons under positive moment. It appears that adding prestressing by external tendons of the composite beams can significantly increase the yield load and the ultimate resistance of the beams. The deflection at the serviceability state is also reduced. However, a substantial incremental stress will develop in the tendons at the ultimate state. On the basis of the compatibility of the tendons and the composite beam at the anchorage section, and equilibrium of the internal force, the neutral axis equation of the composite beam section at the ultimate state is derived. The simplified expressions for the ultimate incremental tendon stress related to the ultimate span/deflection value for four typical external tendon cases are developed. The results compare well with the test results and the finite element analysis. A simplified method for predicting the ultimate incremental tendon force and the load carrying capacity of the composite beams prestressed with external tendons is proposed.     

钢-混凝土组合梁在单调荷载下的变形及延性

采用栓钉等柔性抗剪连接件的钢－混凝土组合梁具有良好的延性，是组合梁按简化塑性理论方法设计的前提条件，也是为了保证组合结构在地震作用下具有良好的耗能性能。钢－混凝土简支组合梁的延性在一定的程度上受到剪力连接程度和横向配筋率的影响，本文通过对１２根梁的试验研究和对一些国内外组合梁试验结果的分析，建立了截面屈服曲率和极限曲率及等效塑性铰长度计算公式，根据这些公式得到的组合梁屈服挠度和极限挠度计算值与实测结果吻合良好。试验和分析结果表明，组合梁的延性指标要高于混凝土梁。