基于ASPEN PLUS的超临界汽油中低温煤焦油加氢裂解工艺模拟(英文)

为了尽快实现超临界汽油中低温煤焦油加氢裂解工艺的工业化,利用ASPEN PLUS模拟煤焦油在超临界溶剂中的加氢过程,以获得整个工艺运行的基本参数。本文基于超临界汽油中低温煤焦油加氢裂解的中试试验数据,对超临界汽油中低温煤焦油加氢裂解工艺进行模拟。首先,煤焦油代表组份选自煤焦油中含量较高的组分,汽油溶剂在模拟中根据其沸点曲线定义为虚拟组分;其次,根据碳离子反应机理,所有的煤焦油代表组分发生裂解反应,并将所有反应输入模型;加氢裂解过程主要选用RK-SOAVE和BK10物性方法,超临界汽油在模拟过程中定义为亨利组分:最后,根据煤焦油加氢裂解的反应特征,模型中主要包含3个基本模块,即RYIELD、Separtor和PetroFrac,分别模拟加氢裂解、气液分离和常压分馏。模拟时将超临界汽油中低温煤焦油加氢裂解中试实验条件数据输入模型,模拟结果表明:模型预测值与实验值基本一致,表明该模型能较好的反映超临界汽油中低温煤焦油加氢裂解工艺过程。并利用模型对年处理15万吨的超临界汽油中煤焦油加氢裂解工艺进行优化设计,获得了工艺的基本参数和能耗,为超临界汽油中低温煤焦油加氢裂解工艺工业化提供了理论依据和设计参考。     

页岩油中芳烃加氢集总反应动力学研究

基于对页岩油芳烃加氢过程的分析,建立了页岩油加氢八集总动力学模型和反应网络。根据不同温度和空速下的页岩油加氢小试实验数据,采用MATLAB优化算法回归得到加氢动力学模型参数。随后模型的验证结果表明计算值和实验值相吻合。在此基础上模型可有效用于加氢产品分布的预测及工艺条件的优化,该工作为页岩油加氢过程的设计提供了指导。     

TRICON系统在煤焦油加氢装置中的应用

ESD系统是化工生产装置的自动保护系统。它可以防止由于生产工艺故障或其他一些事故对工艺设备、生产系统、操作人员的损害,保证生产能够安全地运行。本文针对黑龙江宝泰隆公司煤焦油加氢装置ESD系统,介绍了美国Triconex公司紧急停车控制系统ESD（Emergency Shutdown Device）的硬件、软件结构,阐明了利用ESD实现煤焦油加氢装置的自保联锁控制系统的方法。     

加氢裂化分馏塔多目标优化操作和产品方案分析

应用流程模拟技术对加氢裂化分馏塔进行了模拟,在此基础上,建立了以航煤量、柴油量、尾油量、加热炉温、塔底蒸汽量、柴油侧线蒸汽量、中段回流量为优化操作变量,以产品总值和能耗为优化目标的加氢裂化分馏塔优化模型。应用改进强度Pareto进化算法(SPEA2)求解多目标模型得到Pareto前沿。基于Pareto前沿各产品量的分布,确定了多产航煤、多产柴油与多产尾油3种方案的优化操作点,并给出了3种产品方案优化操作点的雷达图,此雷达图为产品方案的调整提供了一种可视化手段。本文方法对加氢裂化分馏塔多产品方案的操作优化具有参考作用。     

GIOPIMS在炼油厂重质油加工流程选择中的应用

利用石化企业生产计划图形建模优化系统GIOPIMS建立某新建1000万吨/年燃料型炼油厂的规划模型,对加工手段多样、流程复杂、附加值高、并决定企业产品结构、经济效益和关键技术经济指标的重质油加工流程进行优化选择,从催化裂化、加氢裂化、渣油加氢、延迟焦化等主要加工装置中选择经济效益和投资收益率最优的工艺组合和加工流程,并确定装置规模。实现了计划优化系统在新建石化项目规划设计工作中的应用,提高了决策的科学性。     

F-T合成蜡油加氢裂化反应器模型算法的研究

以费托合成蜡油加氢裂化反应器为研究对象,根据文献报道的九集总动力学,结合Aspen虚拟物性组分功能和Fortran语言,关联了集总划分和油品计算方法,构建起新的模型算法,并用原文献报道数据进行了验证。结果表明,所建立的模型算法能较好反映加氢裂化过程,并在此基础上对温度、压力、重时空速和氢油比进行灵敏度分析,优化反应器操作条件,得到最佳操作条件为温度648 K,压力47.5 bar,氢油比0.105 wt/wt,重时空速2h~(-1)。在温度(553-633)K,空速(0.2-5)h~(-1)时,选用贵金属Pt作为加氢活性组分,β分子筛改性无定形硅铝作为催化剂载体,56#半炼蜡作为反应模型化合物,根据实际实验所测结果对比九集总和四集总反应模型,结果表明,2个集总模型计算值与实验值吻合都较好,九集总的在高温段模拟结果比四集总更精确。     

钯金属催化剂上的乙炔工业选择性加氢反应动力学比较

近30年来许多学者提出了大量的乙炔选择性加氢动力学方程,由于在富乙烯含量条件下乙炔选择性加氢的复杂性,该反应机理仍存在许多争议,能够与实际工业应用相吻合的不多。本文旨在找到适用于工业后加氢工艺的动力学方程,对不同文献中得到的17种速率表达式进行了评估,并以模型预测值与工业数据差值最小作为目标,采用遗传算法进行了动力学模型的参数估计,获得了能够较好描述工业反应器运行状况的动力学模型。     

基于碳数动力学的劣质油加氢反应器模拟及其GUI设计

针对劣质油加氢两段固定床反应器的绝热一维拟均相数学模型,采用MATLAB语言编制其计算程序,实现对加氢反应过程的模拟计算。同时,利用MATLAB中的GUI开发了界面友好的加氢反应器模拟软件,该软件提供了良好的交互性和扩展性,并且有效实现了不同工况下,对加氢过程产品收率分布和各段反应器内温升分布的预测,该工作为劣质油加氢过程的工业化放大模拟设计提供了可行性指导。     

基于神经网络的加氢反应器温度优化控制

根据加氢反应器的特点，提出了一种加氢反应器出口温度神经元网络优化控制方法，给出了作为模型预估器的神经网络GA－BP算法流程及GA算法实现，提出了最优控制指标选择原则及控制指标表达式，经计算机对四床层一段加氢裂化装置进行仿真研究表明，该控制方法具有良好的跟踪性能及抗干扰能力。     

环氧乙烷非催化水合制乙二醇反应器的数值模拟

为深入了解环氧乙烷水合管式反应器的操作与性能,采用交错网格上的SIMPLE算法,选择4种典型的反应动力学模型对环氧乙烷非催化水合制乙二醇反应器进行了数值模拟,并与文献数据进行了比较,确定了适宜于水合反应器模拟的动力学模型。利用该模型模拟得到了反应器在流动充分发展后的截面温度和转化率分布,考察了入口温度及水合比等工艺条件对产品分布的影响。     

Operation optimization of hydrocracking process based on Kriging surrogate model

Hydrocracking is one of the key technologies in oil refining. It has become a critical secondary processing unit in the refinery for improving the quality of product oil and increasing the light oil volume of production. As such, operation optimization for this process is significant. The basis of operation optimization is the model, and several mechanisms for hydrocracking models have been proposed and studied. However, these models usually require time consuming and exhibit low efficiency especially when applied to optimize operating conditions. In this study, a Kriging surrogate model of hydrocracking is developed based on the mechanism and industrial data. An optimization algorithm is then proposed to optimize operating conditions. The proposed algorithm integrates adaptive step-size global and local search strategy (GLSS) for minimizing the predictor. Simulation results indicate that this optimization strategy integrating GLSS and Kriging surrogate model obtains better revenue of the process production than conventional algorithms such as EGO, DDS, and CAND.     

煤焦油蒸馏过程的改进

我国煤焦油资源丰富，但工艺落后，煤焦油分离水平不高，导致后续分离过程负荷大，环境污染程度高。为提高煤焦油分离水平，改善馏分混杂情况，减小环境污染，本文针对原流程的不足，提出2种煤焦油蒸馏改进流程，并以PRO／II为工具，对原流程及改进流程进行了模拟。模拟结果表明，改进流程大大提高了酚、萘的回收率，减轻了馏分混杂程度。从而说明，本文提出的改进流程是可行的。     

A two-layer fuzzy synthetic strategy for operational performance assessment of an industrial hydrocracking process

The operating performance may deteriorate from the optimal condition in industrial hydrocracking process due to changes in product requirements, equipment performance degradation, environmental noises, and random disturbances, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out effective online operating performance assessment for it. In this paper, a two-layer fuzzy synthetic strategy is proposed for operating performance assessment of the hydrocracking process. First, an operating performance assessment index is constructed based on the concept of positive deviation of the quality variables. As there are many products in the process, an assessment system is further built based on the performance index. To calculate the indicators in the assessment index system in real-time, partial least squares is used for prediction. To solve the problem of limited labeled samples in the prediction, the process variables are classified into several subspace blocks according to their correlations with different key indicators. Then, a two-layer fuzzy synthetic evaluation strategy is designed to evaluate the actual operating performance of the hydrocracking process. The proposed strategy is finally illustrated with a series of cases on an industrial hydrocracking process in China.     

草酸二甲酯加氢制乙醇酸甲酯产品分离方案模拟比较

草酸二甲酯(DMO)加氢制乙醇酸甲酯(MG)是延长煤化工产品链的一条重要技术路径。由于乙醇酸甲酯(MG)的主要用途是水解制备乙醇酸(GA),工艺上可以有2种分离方案。方案1为先精馏提纯MG,然后MG水解制备GA。方案2则为DMO加氢反应混合物直接先去水解,然后再进行产物分离获得GA。本文分别对2种分离工艺进行了模拟,并对精馏塔级数,回流比,过程能耗等方面进行了比较,结果表明方案1能耗更低,且产品分离塔所需理论板数较少,所以DMO加氢制MG反应产物采取先精馏分离MG后水解生产GA的工艺比较合理。     

Data-driven modeling of product crystal size distribution and optimal input design for batch cooling crystallization processes

In this paper, a novel data-driven model building method is proposed for predicting one-dimensional product crystal size distribution (CSD) or chord length distribution (CLD) of batch cooling crystallization processes, based on only batch run data. The proposed model relating the manipulated variable of cooling rate to the product CSD are constructed by two classes of basis functions, one is the wavelet basis function for reshaping the CSD and the other is the polynomial basis function for weighting the chosen wavelet basis functions to reflect the nonlinear relationship between the input and the density of individual crystal size among the product crystals. Correspondingly, a double-layer least-squares algorithm is established to estimate the model parameters, along with an adaptive strategy to determine the location and number of wavelet basis functions. By introducing an objective function that combines the information entropy of product CSD and the sample deviation of product crystals in each batch with respect to the target crystal size, the optimal input design of cooling rate for the desired product CSD is carried out by using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve the non-convex optimization problem with the established CSD model. Simulation tests on the hen-egg-white lysozyme crystallization process along with experiments on the L-glutamic acid cooling crystallization process are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed method.     

Plant-wide hierarchical optimization and control of an industrial hydrocracking process

Hydrocracking is a crucial refinery process in which heavy hydrocarbons are converted to more valuable, low-molecular weight products. Hydrocracking plants operate with large throughputs and varying feedstocks. In addition the product specifications change due to varying economic and market conditions. In such a dynamic operating environment, the potential gains of real-time optimization (RTO) and control are quite high. At the same time, real-time optimization of hydrocracking plants is a challenging task. A complex network of reactions, which are difficult to characterize, takes place in the hydrocracker. The reactor effluent affects the operation of the fractionator downstream and the properties of the final products. In this paper, a lumped first-principles reactor model and an empirical fractionation model are used to predict the product distribution and properties on-line. Both models have been built and validated using industrial data. A cascaded model predictive control (MPC) structure is developed in order to operate both the reactor and fractionation column at maximum profit. In this cascade structure, reactor and fractionation units are controlled by local decentralized MPC controllers whose set-points are manipulated by a supervisory MPC controller. The coordinating action of the supervisory MPC controller accomplishes the transition between different optimum operating conditions and helps to reject disturbances without violating any constraints. Simulations illustrate the applicability of the proposed method on the industrial process.     

多变量预测控制软件在加氢分馏装置控制中的应用

针对加氢分馏装置分馏塔工艺特点,重点分析加氢分馏塔所面临的控制问题,采用多变量预测控制软件APC—Adcon,通过实验测试、模型辨识、控制器和切换逻辑设计等工作实现该工业分馏塔系的多变量预测控制,显著提高两塔运行参数的平稳性,有效降低操作人员的操作难度。实际应用的结果表明该多变量预测控制系统可有效地克服干扰、确保工艺参数的平稳运行。通过该系统的应用使在相同的负荷下,燃料气减少5％,显著提高分馏塔的分离能力,组分切割更为合理,航空煤油收率提高0.4％,取得了显著的经济效益。     

Critical assessment of thermodynamic properties of important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) in coal tar pitch at typical temperature ranges of the carbonization process

Because of the importance of thermodynamic behavior of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds in coal tar pitch carbonization process, a thermodynamic model for the prediction of thermodynamic properties of PAH compounds is developed. Heat capacity functions as well as standard thermodynamic properties of PAHs in solid, liquid, and gas states are estimated using modified group additivity algorithms first proposed by Richard and Helgeson and thermal physical data of those PAHs for which enough experimental data exists in the literature. For the first time, initial calculated thermodynamic properties of PAHs are optimized by applying the CALPHAD (CaLculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach where all thermodynamic data are rendered consistent with phase transitions and vapor pressure data. The heat capacity function of PAHs exhibiting thermal anomaly behavior is modeled as a specific case. This modeling is performed using an order-disorder approach with the Compound Energy Formalism (CEF). Good agreement has been obtained between the predicted thermodynamic properties of PAHs and available experimental data. The proposed model has improved the predictive capacity compared to that of the previous models predicting thermodynamic properties of PAHs at typical temperature ranges of the carbonization process. The application of the model to predict the thermodynamic properties of major and high molecular weight PAHs available in coal tar pitch has been discussed.     

芘加氢的分子模拟研究

石油资源短缺和原油重质化、劣质化的趋势,以及不断上涨的对清洁油品的需求,使得通过加氢充分利用石油中多环芳组分成为近期石油炼制工业研究的热点问题。本文采用量子力学方法对模型化合物芘的加氢位置及反应历程进行了考察,结果表明,芘倾向于在端环边位先加氢,有三条主要的加氢路径。在反应初期,中间环边位碳原子的加氢稍占优势,但随着反应的深入进行继续加氢困难。模拟计算结果与不同温度下芘在NiMo催化剂上加氢得到的反应产物分布试验数据吻合较好。