磷钨酸催化合成缩醛(酮)

以磷钨酸为催化剂,对苯甲醛、丁醛、丁酮与二元醇(乙二醇,1,2 丙二醇)为原料合成6种缩醛(酮)的反应条件进行了研究,较系统地研究了醛/酮与二元醇量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。结果表明,在醛/酮与二元醇(乙二醇,1,2 丙二醇)的投料摩尔比为1∶1 75,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的1 5%,反应时间1h条件下,6种缩醛(酮)的收率为55 2%～79 0%。     

单质碘催化合成缩醛（酮）

以单质碘为催化剂,对以乙酰乙酸乙酯、环己酮、丁酮、苯甲醛和正丁醛与二元醇(乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇)为原料合成了2-甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2,4-二甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、环己酮乙二醇缩酮、环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、丁酮乙二醇缩酮、丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷10个缩醛(酮)的反应条件进行了研究,较系统地研究了醛或酮与二元醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响.结果表明,在n(醛或酮):n(乙二醇或1,2-丙二醇)=1:1.3,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的0.4%,反应时间为40～60 min条件下,10种缩醛(酮)的收率为45.2%～92.2%.     

TiO_2负载磷钨杂多酸催化剂催化合成缩醛(酮)

以TiO2负载磷钨杂多酸(H3PW12O40/TiO2)为催化剂,对以乙酰乙酸乙酯、环己酮、丁酮、苯甲醛和正丁醛与二元醇(乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇)为原料合成2-甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2,4-二甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、环己酮乙二醇缩酮、环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、丁酮乙二醇缩酮、丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷10个缩醛(酮)的反应条件进行了研究。较系统地研究了醛或酮与二元醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。结果表明,在n(醛或酮)∶n(乙二醇或1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.5,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的1.25%,反应时间为1 h条件下,10种缩醛(酮)的收率为45.2%~92.2%。     

MCM-41分子筛负载磷钨钼酸催化合成缩醛(酮)

以MCM-41分子筛负载磷钨钼杂多酸H3PW6Mo6O40为催化剂,以不同的酮或醛(乙酰乙酸乙酯、环己酮、丁酮、苯甲醛和正丁醛)和二元醇(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇)为原料,合成不同的缩醛(酮)化合物(2-甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2,4-二甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、环己酮乙二醇缩酮、环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、丁酮乙二醇缩酮、丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷和4-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷),考察了醛或酮与二元醇摩尔比、催化剂用量和反应时间对缩醛(酮)收率的影响.结果表明,较合适的反应条件为醛或酮与二元醇摩尔比为1∶1.5,催化剂的用量为反应物料总质量的0.2%,反应时间45 min.在此条件下,缩醛(酮)的收率为46.8%～88.5%.     

SO42-/TiO2-La2O3催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以稀土改性固体超强酸SO42 -/TiO2 La2 O3 为催化剂 ,通过苯甲醛和乙二醇反应合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛 ,探讨了SO42 -/TiO2 La2 O3 对缩醛反应的催化活性 ,较系统地研究了醇醛物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明 :SO42 -/TiO2 La2 O3 是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂 ,在n(醇 )∶n(醛 ) =2 .0∶ 1,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 0 .5 % ,环己烷为带水剂 ,反应时间 5 0min的优化条件下 ,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛收率可达 90 %。     

SO~(2-)_4 /TiO_(2-)MoO_3催化合成异丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛

以固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2 MoO3为催化剂,对以异丁醛(Ⅱ)和1,2 丙二醇(Ⅲ)为原料合成异丁醛1,2 丙二醇缩醛(Ⅰ)的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明:SO2-4/TiO2 MoO3是合成异丁醛1,2 丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂,较系统地研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。最佳反应条件为:n(异丁醛)∶n(1,2 丙二醇)=1∶1 3,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1 0%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1 0h。上述条件下,异丁醛1,2 丙二醇缩醛的收率可达82 5%。     

TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2催化合成异丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛

以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12 O40 /TiO2 为多相催化剂 ,对以异丁醛和 1,2 -丙二醇为原料合成异丁醛 1,2 -丙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明 :TiSiW12 O40 /TiO2 是合成异丁醛 1,2 -丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂 ,较系统地研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。最佳反应条件为 :n(异丁醛 ) :n( 1,2 -丙二醇 ) =1:1.5 ,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 0 .5 % ,环己烷为带水剂 ,反应时间 1.0h。上述条件下 ,异丁醛 1,2 -丙二醇缩醛的收率可达 80 .2 % .     

碘掺杂聚苯胺催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以碘(I2)掺杂聚苯胺(PAn)为催化剂,采用正交试验法,通过苯甲醛和乙二醇反应合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。考察了醛醇物质的量比、催化剂用量及反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验结果表明,在n(苯甲醛):n(乙二醇)=1:1.5,I2/PAn催化剂用量占反应物料总质量的0.60%,带水剂为环己烷,反应时间为1.0h条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛收率可达85.3%。     

H3PW12O40/SiO2催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以二氧化硅负载磷钨酸(H3PW12O40/SiO2)为催化剂,苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。探讨H3PW12O40/SiO2对缩醛反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了醛醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响。实验表明:H3PW12O40/SiO2是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂;在n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.5,催化剂用量占反应物量总质量的0.8%,环己烷为带水剂8mL,反应时间45min的最佳条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达60.6%。     

复合固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3/Al2O3/ZnO的制备及其催化性能的研究

利用共沉淀法由Fe(NO3)3、Al(NO3)3、Zn(Ac)2和H2SO4制备了SO42-/Fe2O3/Al2O3/ZnO催化剂,并用于催化合成苯甲醛丙二醇缩醛,研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响。结果表明,在n(苯甲醛)∶n(丙二醇)=1∶1.2,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1%,反应时间50 min的最佳条件下,苯甲醛丙二醇缩醛的收率可达97.6%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.