长沙市社区老年人慢性病现状

目的了解长沙市社区老年人慢性病患病现状及相关因素。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法抽取长沙市所辖的五个行政区65岁以上老年人,按统一设计的调查问卷对慢性病的患病情况及相关因素进行调查分析。结果长沙市社区老年人慢性病患病率为86.34%。疾病顺位依次为高血压、心脏病、骨关节病、糖尿病、脂肪肝等。年龄、超重及肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、饮食习惯及睡眠质量是主要慢性病的共同相关因素。结论长沙市社区老年人慢性病患病率较高,危险因素普遍存在,开展社区干预极为重要。     

长沙市开福区老年人慢性病现状及影响因素

目的了解长沙市开福区社区老年人慢性病患病情况及影响因素。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法调查了530名开福区老年人的慢性病患病情况。结果 382人(72.1%)患慢性病,120人(22.6%)同时患有两种及以上慢性病。慢性病患病率前3位依次为:高血压60.4%、糖尿病26.8%、脑卒中25.0%。各种慢性病的危险因素为高龄、吸烟、饮酒和平均每日摄油超量。结论长沙市开福区老年人慢性病患病率高,应加强健康教育,指导老年人合理膳食、戒烟戒酒,社区应重视二级防治,开展综合干预。     

南宁市部分社区老年人慢性病分布与健康自评关系

目的 探讨南宁市社区老年人健康自评与老年人群患慢性病的关系,为老年人群慢性病防治工作提供理论依据.方法 对1476名社区老年人进行问卷调查和健康查体,统计常见慢性病和健康自评情况,对健康自评的影响因素进行非条件logistic回归分析.结果 南宁市社区老年人患病率为71.21％,其中男性患病率为68.6％,女性为74.2％.高年龄组高血压、冠心病患病率高于低年龄组相应的患病率.年龄越高,健康自评越差,慢性病患者健康自评低于未患病者.患慢性病的数量越多,健康自评越差.多因素Logistic回归分析表明老年人健康自评与高血压、骨关节疾病、冠心病、糖尿病、脑卒中等慢性病和医疗费用负担存在密切独立的关系,是老年人健康自评的危险因素.结论 南宁市老年人慢性病的患病率较高,慢性病预防控制策略和措施亟待加强,医疗费用负担已成为影响南宁市老年人健康自评的主要因素,需完善医疗保障制度,不断提高老年人生活质量.     

银川市老年人体质指数与常见慢性病的相关性

目的 探讨体质指数(BMI)与常见慢性病的相关性.方法 对银川市830例60～80岁常住社区的老年人采用分层整群随机抽样方法,计算体质指数,分析体质指数与慢性疾病的关系.结果 该人群慢性病的总患病率为74.9％,超重和肥胖的总检出率为59.03％,男、女性别间无显著差异;肥胖与超重组患慢性病人数占患慢性病总人数的61.4％,肥胖组患慢性病人数比例明显高于正常组(P=0.004).体质指数与慢性病总体患病情况呈显著相关(P=0.001),与糖尿病(P=0.0l5)、高血压(P=0.001)、高脂血症(P=0.045)三种疾病相关.超重和肥胖组冠心病、高脂血症、脑血管疾病三种疾病的患病率明显高于正常组与消瘦组(均P＜0.05).结论 应对超重与肥胖人群给予充分关注,以社区为依托进行综合干预,减少慢性病危险因素,提高老年人生命质量.     

三河市开发区老年人健康状况的多维评价

目的：对老年人躯体健康、日常生活功能、精神健康、健康自评状况以及主要影响因素进行调查，以了解影响老年人健康的主要卫生问题。方法：采用整群抽样方法对三河市开发区717名60岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查。结果：老年人两周患病率为56．3％，慢性病患病率为92.1％，其中70．0％的老年人同时患有两种及以上慢性疾病，残疾率18％；日常生活活动能力(ADL)和工具性日常生活活动能力(IADL)受损率为1．8％和7．0％；生活满意度指数(LSIA)平均记分29分，21分及以上者占87．1％；健康自评不好的老年人占9.3％，63.1％的老年人认为健康问题对于日常想做事情没有影响；目前工作状况、慢性病指数、症状指数、高血压、LSIA是影响老年人健康自评的主要因素。结论：三河开发区老年人慢性病患病率高，日常生活功能受损率低，生活满意度高，健康自评状况较好。有必要针对不同情况采取不同的社区干预措施，以提高老年人整体健康水平。     

北京社区老年人轻度认知障碍与慢性病的相关性研究

目的探讨北京社区老年人轻度认知障碍(MCI)患病率与慢性病的关系。方法抽样调查北京城乡社区老年人1716例,比较包括高血压、心脏病、脑卒中、消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病等不同慢性病的老年人MCI患病率。采用logistic回归分析MCI的危险因素。结果与未患高血压、心脏病、脑卒中的老年人MCI患病率(9.3%,10.7%,10.9%)比较,患有高血压、心脏病、脑卒中等慢性病的老年人MCI患病率(18.2%,17.6%,22.6%)显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002,P=0.005,P=0.000),logistic回归分析结果显示,高血压、心脏病和脑卒中是MCI的独立危险因素(OR=2.082,95%CI:1.521～2.851,P=0.000;OR=1.633,95%CI:1.168～2.282,P=0.004;OR=2.035,95%CI:1.379～3.003,P=0.004)。结论加强心脑血管疾病的防治,对老年人认知功能的维护具有重要意义。     

河北省燕郊社区717名老年人慢性病现况调查

目的 了解影响三河市开发区老年人健康状况的几种常见慢性病的现况，为开展社区老年卫生服务提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法对河北省燕郊年龄≥60岁717名老年人进行问卷调查。结果 老年人慢性病总患病率为92．1％，其中男性患病率91．2％，女性93．0％，两者差异无显著性。70．0％的老年人同时患有2种及以上慢性病。患病率位于前5位的病种依次是高血压(46．2％)、心脏病(26．9％)、骨关节炎或风湿性关节炎(21．9％)、口腔与牙病(16．2％)、颈椎病(16．0％)。文化程度、离退休前职业、医疗保障、居住状况、是否经常主动获得医疗保健知识、支付医疗保健费用有无困难是影响老年人患多种慢性病的因素。结论 慢性病是危害老年人健康的主要卫生问题，应充分考虑老年人疾病谱的特点，开展有针对性的社区卫生服务，提高老年人健康水平。     

2013年奎屯市慢性非传染性疾病社区诊断分析

目的了解新疆奎屯市社区居民主要慢性病的患病率及其相关危险因素,为确定慢性病干预的重点人群和危险因素,制定综合防制措施、评价慢性病防控效果提供科学依据。方法采用现有资料收集和多阶段整群随机抽样调查的方式收集相关资料并进行统计学分析。结果奎屯市居民高血压患病率23．9％,男女患病率分别为26．8％、21．3％,男女患病率差异有统计学意义（Х^2=272．08,P〈O．05）;奎屯市居民糖尿病患病率5．2％,男性患病率4．8％、女性5．6％,高血脂患病率8.3％,男性患病率9．5％、女性7.3％,男女性别组糖尿病及高血脂患病率差异均无统计学意义（Х^2=0．58,Х^2=2．45,P〉0．05）;社区居民前三位死因顺位依次为心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病;相关危险因素流行率依次为饮酒、超重、缺少运动等。结论奎屯市处于慢性病预防控制关键期,通过健康促进、患者管理等手段,树立健康观念,降低慢性病发病、病残和病死率已成为当务之急。     

武汉市老年人慢性病患病现状及知信行调查

目的探讨武汉市老年人慢性病现状单分析相关健康行为的影响因素。方法采用问卷调查方式,在武汉市某养老院及部分社区随机抽取657名老年人进行调查,调查内容包括社会人口学特征、慢性病患病情况及相关健康促进情况。结果被访老年人中69.9%患有慢性病,18.7%患两种慢性病,11.9%患3种及以上。高血压患病者最多,占被调查者的30.1%,其次是心血管疾病(14.8%)、糖尿病(12.6%)、关节炎(12.3%)。与男性相比,女性更易患关节炎(P<0.05)。55.3%的老年人不了解慢性呼吸系统疾病,只有4.4%了解较多。慢性病患者对其所患慢性病了解较少、了解一些、了解很多的比例分别为41.0%,52.3%,6.8%。21.5%的老年人从不锻炼,71.7%从不吸烟,15.4%过去吸烟,12.9%现在吸烟。以前吸烟或缺乏锻炼者患癌症的危险高于不吸烟和经常锻炼者。结论慢性病与不健康的生活方式有关,吸烟、缺乏锻炼均是罹患慢性病的危险因素。老年人对慢性病的认知程度普遍较低,应加强健康促进活动,提高老年人慢性病认知水平和纠正不良生活方式。     

深圳市福田区老年人慢性病患病现况调查

目的分析深圳市福田区老年人慢性疾病患病情况。方法采用随机抽样、集中调查和入户调查相结合的方法对福田区20个社区60岁以上常住居民慢性病患病现况进行调查。结果高血压患病率为61.6%,血脂异常患病率为79.3%,糖尿病患病率为20.2%,肾功能下降患病率9.1%,男女慢性病患病率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,各年龄组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。慢性病危险因素水平：肥胖率21.8%、缺乏锻炼率72.5%,吸烟率12.6%,吸烟、饮酒在不同性别患病率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,各年龄组患病率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论福田区老年人慢性病患病率及危险因素患病率较高,应采取综合健康管理干预措施,加强危险因素的前期干预,减少慢性疾病的发生,提高生活质量。     

天津市蓟县农村老年人尿失禁与慢性疾病及女性分娩史的关系

目的 了解天津市蓟县农村老年人尿失禁的患病情况和老年人尿失禁与慢性疾病及女性分娩史的关系. 方法 采用整群抽样的方法抽取天津市蓟县所辖的两个乡(镇)卫生院60岁及以上老年人743名,按统一设计的调查问卷,以面对面询问的方式进行入户调查,通过单因素和多因素分析,探讨农村老年人尿失禁与慢性疾病及女性分娩史的关系. 结果 天津市蓟县农村老年人尿失禁患病率为33.4%(248例),女性患病率高于男性(43.2%与22.8%,χ~2=34.70,P<0.0001).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,患呼吸系统、前列腺、神经系统、运动系统疾病的老年男性患者尿失禁风险比未患者高,其中患前列腺疾病和神经系统疾病的老年男性患尿失禁风险最高(OR值分别为11.47、11.76).老年女性中,便秘的老年人比无便秘者患尿失禁风险高(OR=1.46),患呼吸系统和运动系统疾病及糖尿病的老年女性患尿失禁风险比未患者高,其中患呼吸系统疾病的老年女性患尿失禁风险最高(OR=4.84);围产期孕次、产次越多患尿失禁风险越高(OR=1.03、1.02);分娩过程中会阴裂伤、伤口感染患尿失禁风险高(OR=1.72、1.65). 结论 天津市蓟县农村老年人尿失禁患病率较高,老年人尿失禁的发生与多种慢性疾病有关,同时女性分娩史也影响老年人尿失禁的发生.     

Medication counseling in the oral medicine of osteoporosis and complications with elderly people

Although long-term continuation medical treatment is needed in chronic diseases, such as osteoporosis, and hypertension, hyperlipemia, since there are no subjective symptoms much, an understanding of the necessity for medication is hard to be obtained. Furthermore, in elderly people, it has two or more chronic diseases, and since the medicine of varieties is taken in many cases, medication compliance tends to become bad. Explanation with a disease sufficient in a chronic-disease patient and medication counseling of elderly people is useful to improvement in compliance, and safety reservation of a patient.     

Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus among the elderly in the United States

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting the elderly in the United States. It has been diagnosed in 9.6% of people 65 years of age and older, and an additional 9.3% meet oral glucose tolerance test criteria for the disease but have not been diagnosed. Taken together, diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes affects almost one in every five people 65 years of age and older. An additional 23% of the elderly meet diagnostic criteria for impaired glucose tolerance, a condition that conveys excess risk for macrovascular disease. Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in the elderly is expected to increase 44% in the next 20 years, to an estimated population of 3.9 million people. Elderly people with diabetes make an average of 3.7 visits per year to physicians specifically for care of their diabetes. Over 80% of this care is delivered by general and family physicians and internists. About 30% of diabetics 65 to 74 years of age are hospitalized each year, a rate that is almost twice that of elderly people without diabetes. Cardiovascular and peripheral vascular complications are often twice as prevalent as among people without diabetes. Risk factors for macrovascular disease are also highly prevalent among the elderly, including obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Three fourths of deaths of diabetic patients 65 years of age and older are caused by diseases of the circulatory system, primarily ischemic heart disease and stroke. The death rate from cardiovascular disease among elderly diabetic patients is twice that of people without diabetes in the same age range.     

沧州农村地区老年人群体质量指数和腰围与高血压的相关性研究

目的探讨沧州农村地区老年人群体质量指数和腰围与高血压患病率的关系。方法按照整体随机抽样方法,对沧州某农村地区年龄60⁸9岁1560例居民进行问卷调查、医学体检,根据高血压诊断标准分为高血压组868例和非高血压组692例。以不同体质量指数及腰围分层,比较高血压患病率及相关危险因素。结果高血压组超重(33.6%vs 10.8%)、肥胖(38.8%vs 9.7%)、腹型肥胖(36.6%vs 19.4%)、超重伴腹型肥胖(23.3%vs6.1%)检出率明显高于非高血压组(P<0.01)。而腰围异常老年人群患高血压风险度是腰围正常者的2.41倍(95%CI:1.90689岁1560例居民进行问卷调查、医学体检,根据高血压诊断标准分为高血压组868例和非高血压组692例。以不同体质量指数及腰围分层,比较高血压患病率及相关危险因素。结果高血压组超重(33.6%vs 10.8%)、肥胖(38.8%vs 9.7%)、腹型肥胖(36.6%vs 19.4%)、超重伴腹型肥胖(23.3%vs6.1%)检出率明显高于非高血压组(P<0.01)。而腰围异常老年人群患高血压风险度是腰围正常者的2.41倍(95%CI:1.906³.042,P=0.000)。相关因素分析发现,不良饮食习惯、吸烟、饮酒为该地区老年人群超重或肥胖的高危因素。结论沧州农村地区老年人群超重和肥胖形势严峻,体质量指数和腰围与高血压关系密切,不良生活习惯为其高危因素,改善不良饮食结构是高血压等慢性疾病防治的根本。     

How family support affects physical activity (PA) among middle-aged and elderly people before and after they suffer from chronic diseases

The more support elderly people have from their family, the less likely they are to suffer from chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate how family support affects the PA middle-aged and elderly people engage in before and after they suffer from chronic diseases. We interviewed 428 middle-aged and elderly people using a structured questionnaire to measure their aerobic PA. Eighteen percent of middle-aged and elderly people did participate in PA after suffering from chronic diseases. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we found that middle-aged and elderly people who rely on family members when they are sick (OR = 1.87, 95%CI = 1.08-3.25) and who are accompanied by family members (OR = 2.09, 95%CI = 1.20-3.62) when they are healthy are more likely to exercise. The more middle-aged and elderly people are supported by their family, the more likely they are to exercise. Strengthening family relationships should help reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly people.     

西安地区老年慢性病患者抑郁及其影响因素

目的探讨老年人群慢性病伴发的抑郁及其相关的影响因素。方法选取2011年1月至2012年5月西安地区部分年龄大于60岁的慢性病住院患者和病情稳定的社区老年人群,应用老年抑郁量表（GDS）和已确诊的各种慢性病及相关因素进行评估与分析。结果757例老年慢性病患者中,有抑郁症状者为40例,抑郁症状的发生率为5．28％。女性、文盲、重体力劳动者抑郁症状发生率显著高于男性、小学文化程度及以上者、脑力劳动者（P〈0．05）,而不同年龄组之间抑郁症状的发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。老年人抑郁症状发生率与慢性疾病具有一定的相关性。有慢性胃肠疾病者抑郁症状的发生率显著高于无胃肠疾病者（P〈0．05）,其余各类疾病抑郁症状的发生率差异未见统计学意义。结论西安地区老年人慢性病患者抑郁症状的发生主要与慢性胃肠疾病相关,提示应该加强该类患者的心理疏导与关怀,以预防老年抑郁症状的发生。     

天津市老年离退休干部及高级知识分子患病情况调查

目的 调查天津市老年离退休干部及高级知识分子慢性疾病的患病率。方法 选择天津市2006年4月～6月在我院参加健康体检的离退休干部和各高等院校的知识分子共1959人作为调企人群，年龄≥60岁者。所有体检者均详细询问病史并接受内科、外科、神经科、五官科、泌尿科或妇科柃查，同时要进行身高、体重、血压的测定，以及实验室（包括餐后2h指血血糖）、腹部B超、心电图、胸部X线检查。结果 肥胖患病率为58．7％；高血压占49．9％；高脂血症48．7％；冠心病45．4％；高血糖（包括糖尿病）40．3％；前列腺肥大54．6％；白内障52．7％；脂肪肝45．8％；高尿酸血症17．4％；胆石症14．6％；慢性支气管炎13．7％；肺气肿占7．8％；哮喘占5．0％；脑血栓6．9％；脑出血4．3％；溃疡病占4．3％；慢性胃炎占8．6％；恶性肿瘤0．82％。。其中同时患2种和2种以上疾病者占74．84％，患1种疾病者占15．72％，健康者占9．44％，表明90．56％的老人均患有1种以上的慢性疾病。结论 老年离退休干部和高级知识分子慢性病的患病率较高，因此应早期予以干预，以减少慢性病的发生和恶化，提高他们的生活质量。     

How family support affects physical activity (PA) among middle-aged and elderly people before and after they suffer from chronic diseases

The more support elderly people have from their family, the less likely they are to suffer from chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate how family support affects the PA middle-aged and elderly people engage in before and after they suffer from chronic diseases. We interviewed 428 middle-aged and elderly people using a structured questionnaire to measure their aerobic PA. Eighteen percent of middle-aged and elderly people did participate in PA after suffering from chronic diseases. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we found that middle-aged and elderly people who rely on family members when they are sick (OR = 1.87, 95%CI = 1.08–3.25) and who are accompanied by family members (OR = 2.09, 95%CI = 1.20–3.62) when they are healthy are more likely to exercise. The more middle-aged and elderly people are supported by their family, the more likely they are to exercise. Strengthening family relationships should help reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly people.     

Cardiovascular disease in later life in Taiwan

In Taiwan, the percentage of the population 65 years of age or older increased regularly, from 3.08% in 1972 to 8.8% in 2001. Taiwan started the national health insurance system in 1995. The aged population utilized a large share of the medical resources, for example 28.73% of the total national medical expenditures in 2000. Cardiovascular diseases are common causes of mortality in Taiwan. Cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases and hypertensive diseases, held the second, third and 10th positions, respectively, among the 10 leading causes of mortality in 2002, in Taiwan. The mortality rates of cerebrovascular diseases and heart diseases are decreasing, while that of malignant neoplasms and diabetes mellitus are increasing, as evidenced over the past 2 decades. Cerebral hemorrhage is relatively common in Taiwan. As demonstrated in a series, of the 10 772 hospitalized acute stroke cases, 35.4% were diagnosed as cerebral hemorrhage. Hypertension is highly prevalent in the elderly population in Taiwan, more than 55% for both sexes, as indicated by some epidemiologic studies. There are few studies on the prevalence of heart diseases in the elderly population in Taiwan. One large-scale epidemiologic study demonstrated that the prevalence rates of coronary artery disease (CAD) among the elderly population, were 12.3% for males and 10.2% for females. The biostatistic data indicated that, in Taiwan, the mortality due to CAD was rapidly increasing in the 1970s and 1980s and reached a plateau in the 1990s. It is concluded that cardiovascular diseases are common causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly people in Taiwan. Although mortality due to cerebrovascular diseases and heart diseases have decreased over past decades, the mortality due to coronary artery disease is still at the peak level.