大兴安岭北端洛古河东花岗岩的地球化学、SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石成因

大兴安岭北端漠河县洛古河东岩体主要岩石类型为二长花岗斑岩、正长花岗斑岩和石英二长斑岩,内部可见闪长质微粒包体,属高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。花岗岩的元素地球化学和锆石SHRIMP铀-铅年代学研究结果表明,洛古河东岩体形成于早白垩世,其花岗斑岩体的锆石SHRIMP铀-铅年龄为129.8±2.2Ma。花岗岩的SiO₂含量介于68.03%~74.32%之间,Al₂O₃含量介于13.06%~14.55%之间,Na₂O/ K₂O介于0.45~0.86之间,铝饱和指数为0.94~1.11,Mg^#指数介于18~42之间且多小于30。稀土元素总量为160.00×10^-6 ~ 235.15×10^-6,δEu介于0.31~0.52,(La/Yb)_N介于8.99~17.87,为轻稀土富集型。岩体Sr含量低,介于118×10^-6 ~ 268×10^-6之间,而Y含量高,介于16.9×10^-6~ 26.1×10^-6之间,Sr/Y比值低,介于5.62~13.81之间,属低锶高钇型岩石。在原始地幔标准化的微量元素蛛网图中,Rb、Th、U、K、Zr、Hf和轻稀土元素（如La、Ce、Nd和Sm等）富集,Ba、Sr、P和Ti等元素强烈亏损,Nb和Ta具有中等-弱亏损。主量、稀土和微量元素特征表明,岩石具后碰撞花岗岩类的地球化学特征,属后碰撞花岗岩。岩体ε_Nd (t)值介于-3.45~-2.64,平均-3.01;亏损地幔Nd模式年龄介于969~1131Ma之间,平均1018Ma;锶初始比值 (I_Sr)介于0.702486~0.707269之间,平均0.705434;钾长石²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值变化范围分别为18.5939~18.6721、15.6019~15.6058和38.4058~38.5249,平均值分别为18.6426、15.6035和38.4613;岩体中的钾长石氧同位素组成很低,δ¹⁸O (‰)值介于-8.1 ~ 4.1之间,多为负值,表明洛古河东岩体为低¹⁸O花岗岩。Nd、Sr、Pb和O同位素组成显示洛古河东岩体形成于含有较多幔源成分的源区物质的部分熔融作用,推测源区主要为Rodinia超大陆会聚过程中（中元古代—新元古代之交）形成的初生地壳。由于古亚洲洋和蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋分别于古生代末期和二叠纪—中侏罗世闭合,因此大兴安岭北端早白垩世花岗岩应该形成于中朝-蒙古大陆与西伯利亚大陆碰撞造山过程的后碰撞阶段。     

新疆准噶尔北东缘乌图布拉克岩体形成时代、地球化学特征及地质意义

乌图布拉克岩体位于准噶尔北东缘,额尔齐斯-玛因鄂博构造带南侧。岩体主要由花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成,有少量石英闪长岩和钾长花岗岩。岩体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为360.1±3.6Ma。岩石的K₂O+Na₂O=7.05%~9.48%,A/NKC=0.91~1.04,属准铝-过铝质“I”型花岗岩。岩石稀土总量低,∑REE为72×10^-6~184×10^-6,轻稀土富集,(La/Yb)_N=5~13。石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩具弱的铕负异常或无明显异常（δEu=0.72~0.98）;钾长花岗岩铕负异常明显（δEu=0.15~0.21）。在微量元素配分模式中,具有Sr、Ba、P、Ti的亏损,而Nb、Ta亏损不明显。岩石有低的Sr初始值（0.70165~0.70462）和高的ε_Nd(t)u（+4.7~+6.9）。2个样品的Nd模式年龄分别为758Ma和551Ma。上述特征表明,岩浆可能具有较复杂的来源,推测该岩体岩浆可能来源于年轻的玄武质地壳,并有幔源物质的加入。综合本文资料及区域地质特征分析,阿尔泰造山带后碰撞时限可能为360~290Ma,即泥盆纪末-石炭纪末。     

新疆中天山北缘望峰地区花岗岩的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素组成研究

新疆中天山北缘望峰地区花岗岩的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素研究表明:(1)望峰地区花岗岩岩石类型主要为二云母二长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩,岩体高SiO₂、Al₂O₃,中等富碱且相对富钾,A/CNK≥1.1,稀土含量中等(∑REE=162.6×10^-6～211.8×10^-6),轻重稀土分馏明显且富集轻稀土,具中等Eu负异常(δEu=0.42～0.49),相对富集LILE和LREE,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb、Ta、HREE等,属高钾钙碱性过铝质S型花岗岩; (2)锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年获得岩浆结晶年龄为439.9±2.2Ma,成岩时代为早志留世; (3)锆石Hf同位素组成较均一,ε_Hf(t)=-5.0～-1.3,平均-2.72,二阶段模式年龄t_DM2变化范围在1294～1482Ma之间,岩浆主要来源于中元古代中期地壳结晶基底岩系的部分熔融,源岩为经历过风化旋回、成熟度较低的硬砂岩,形成于中天山北缘早古生代碰撞造山期同碰撞环境。     

南天山拜城县波孜果尔A型花岗岩类锆石U-Pb定年及其Lu-Hf同位素组成

新疆拜城县波孜果尔A型花岗岩类岩体位于塔里木地台北缘及邻区的近东西向碱性侵入岩带上,主要岩石类型为霓石钠闪石英碱长正长岩、霓石钠闪碱长花岗岩、黑云母碱长正长岩。全岩SiO₂=68.97%~74.14%,Na₂O+K₂O=9.67%~11.19%,Al₂O₃=13.72%~15.26%,Fe₂O₃=0.18%~1.41%,FeO=0.91%~1.51%,CaO=0.35%~0.63%。稀土元素总量较高,ΣREE=298×10^-6~1286×10^-6,平均706×10^-6,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,强烈的Eu负异常,呈“右倾海鸥型”的稀土元素配分模式。富Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=936×10^-6~3684×10^-6,平均1813×10^-6。为A1型花岗岩。岩体形成于早二叠纪。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为287.7~291.6Ma,平均289.8Ma,岩体形成后,在279.1~282Ma左右经历了后期热液流体的改造。锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-6.3~9.0,两阶段模式年龄（t_DM2）跨越古元古代晚期-新元古代中期,主要集中在中元古代。岩浆平均温度832~839℃,形成于非造山的板内构造环境,且具高温、无水、低氧逸度的成岩特点。该岩体具有壳幔混源的特点。     

安徽牯牛降A型花岗岩的年代学、地球化学和构造意义

皖南地区牯牛降岩体位于扬子板块东南缘,江南隆起带内。本文报道了牯牛降花岗岩体新的锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学数据,并对岩体成因及其构造意义进行了探讨。锆石原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年表明牯牛降岩体的形成年龄为130.1±1.3Ma (95% confidence, MSWD=0.55)。结合己发表的其他高质量锆石U-Pb同位素年龄数据表明皖南地区花岗岩的形成年龄主要集中在125~130Ma。牯牛降花岗岩为高钾钙碱性、准铝质岩石,SiO₂ 含量为72.21%~74.85%,具有高K₂O含量(>5.11%)、高铁值(FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)>0.91)和K₂O/Na₂O比值(>1.61),低MgO和CaO含量的特征。微量元素地球化学性质上表现为强烈亏损Ba、Sr、Eu(Eu^*/Eu=0.29~0.30),富集REE(>419×10^-6)、Rb、Th 和U,较高的高场强元素Zr、Nb、Y和Ga含量。主量和微量元素均表现为A型花岗岩的特征。非常低的Mg^#值(0.14~0.16)和较低Cr含量(Cr=10×10^-6),高Yb(7.08×10^-6~9.02×10^-6)、Y(78.7×10^-6~90.8×10^-6)含量和较高的Th/U比值(5.17~7.79)说明古老地壳物质的部分熔融可能是牯牛降岩体主要形成机制。牯牛降A2型花岗岩特征代表了拉张的碰撞后构造环境。     

内蒙古道郎呼都格地区A型花岗岩年代学、地球化学及地质意义

道郎呼都格钾长花岗岩体位于华北克拉通北缘白乃庙构造带。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年获得139.6±1.7Ma岩体侵位年龄。岩体富硅(SiO₂=75.79%~78.07%)、富碱(K₂O+Na₂O=7.39%~8.29%)、贫钙(CaO=0.22%~0.59%);稀土配分曲线呈现"海鸥式"分布特征,显示强烈的Eu负异常(δEu =0.03~0.12);微量元素特征显示具有较高Ga(21.2×10^-6~26.6×10^-6)、Zr(173×10^-6~417×10^-6)、Nb(32.3×10^-6~42.4×10^-6)和Y(24.6×10^-6~53.9×10^-6)含量,较低的Sr(14×10^-6~44×10^-6)、Ba(18×10^-6~211×10^-6)含量,在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上显示明显的Ba、Sr、P、Eu和Ti的负异常。以上特征表明道郎呼都格钾长花岗岩为A型花岗岩,为高温低压下长英质地壳的部分熔融及其后长石、榍石等的分离结晶作用的产物。结合区域构造演化,本文认为该区钾长花岗岩形成于板内伸展背景。在晚中生代期间,华北板块北缘的构造体制经历了重要的转变,由挤压体制转变为岩石圈减薄和地壳伸展,在伸展体制下,软流圈地幔上涌对上覆长英质地壳的直接加热作用促使其部分熔融形成该区A型花岗岩。     

江达-维西火山岩浆弧中段德钦岩体年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

本文对江达-维西火山岩浆弧德钦岩体的寄主岩石——花岗闪长岩及其镁铁质微粒包体(MME)——闪长岩进行了详细研究。二者LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为254.6±1.8Ma和253.5±1.6Ma,二者形成时代一致。地球化学研究结果表明,花岗闪长岩富K₂O和Na₂O,且K₂O>Na₂O,富Al₂O₃,A/CNK平均为0.96;闪长岩富K₂O和Na₂O,但K₂O2O,富Al₂O₃和MgO,A/CNK平均为0.72;花岗闪长岩的稀土总量低于闪长岩,二者轻重稀土分馏明显,配分曲线为右倾的轻稀土富集型;二者均富集大离子亲石元素而亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta等;二者均具有相对较高的Mg^#(58.8~65.8),并具有相对较高的相容元素Cr、Ni含量(花岗闪长岩平均值分别为115×10^-6和31.6×10^-6,闪长岩平均值分别为398×10^-6和98.2×10^-6;花岗闪长岩和闪长岩¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf的平均值分别为0.282383和0.282287,二者ε_Hf(t)平均值分别为-8.3和-11.8,反映了二者属于I型花岗岩,可能为岩浆混合作用的产物。地球化学特征及Hf同位素组成一致显示岩浆来源于地壳的部分熔融,伴有不同比例的地幔物质加入,形成于弧陆碰撞-后碰撞的构造背景,暗示金沙江结合带在~255Ma已经进入了弧陆碰撞-后碰撞的地质时期。     

浙西晚中生代富碱高钾花岗岩类的岩石地球化学特征及构造意义

浙西晚中生代侵入岩分布广泛,在江山、龙游和遂昌三县(市)接壤地带厘定出一套富碱高钾花岗岩类。初步研究表明,以往被认为是I型的该套花岗质岩石应属铝质A型花岗质岩石,在空间上明显受江山—绍兴断裂带及其柘岱口—溪口断裂带的控制,呈北东向带状展布。该岩类由石英正长岩、石英正长斑岩、正长岩、石英二长岩、二长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗岩和花岗斑岩组成,以富碱高钾为显著特点,莱特碱度率 (A.R)为2.14~5.76,过碱指数(AKI值)为0.58~0.96 (平均0.83),偏铝到过铝质 (A/NKC＝0.93~1.30,平均1.05),富含稀土元素 (∑REE＝226.65×10^-6~429.18×10^-6)和较高的Zr＋Nb＋Ce＋Y元素组合值(282×10^-6~826×10^-6,平均482×10^-6),而亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、P、Ti等, 在Na₂O-K₂O>成因类型判别图解中全部落入A型花岗岩区,反映其具A型花岗质岩石的成分特征。洪公岩体与沐尘岩体的Nd同位素模式年龄为1.2~1.6Ga,反映其主要起源于地壳物质的部分熔融。区域背景、构造被动定位特点和地球化学综合分析表明,该套富碱高钾花岗岩类形成于后碰撞构造环境,是早白垩世早期该区重要的构造—岩浆热事件的产物。     

福建龙岩大洋-莒舟花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

马坑铁矿是一个大型层控矽卡岩型矿床,大洋、莒舟花岗岩分布于铁矿东西两侧,与铁矿关系密切。本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年法测得莒舟花岗岩年龄为129.6±0.8Ma,MSWD=2.3,利用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年法测得大洋花岗岩年龄为132.6±1.3Ma,MSWD=1.3,它们都形成于早白垩世,与马坑铁矿辉钼矿Re-Os年龄(130~133Ma)一致。大洋-莒舟花岗岩具高硅、富碱、贫钙镁和高分异指数等特点,属弱过铝或准铝质花岗岩;岩石稀土元素含量较高,配分模式呈轻稀土富集并缓向右倾斜,呈明显铕负异常的"V"型展布;微量元素具有Rb、U、Th、La等元素强烈富集而Ba、Sr、P、Ti 等元素相对亏损的特点;大洋岩体的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_ⅰ值变化于0.70878~0.71349之间;ε_Nd(t)值变化于-7.2~-8.6之间,f_Sm/Nd=-0.27~0.16,t_2DM =1511~1637Ma,(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i=18.588~18.955,(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i=15.660~15.682,(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i=38.935~39.168,μ值介于9.54~9.59,ω值介于36. 77~38.13。岩石地球化学和同位素组成特征表明大洋-莒舟花岗岩属于高分异壳源型花岗岩,形成于岩石圈减薄的背景下。花岗岩主要来源于元古代地壳物质,有EMⅡ型富集地幔组分的参与,使花岗岩的地壳留存年龄的降低(1.51~1.63Ga)。     

西藏札佐晚白垩世中期埃达克岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

为解释南冈底斯晚白垩世埃达克质岩石成因及其地球动力学机制,本文对西藏扎囊县札佐地区二长花岗岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素和全岩地球化学分析。札佐二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年为80.43±0.62 Ma,其SiO₂为66.19%~66.84%,Al₂O₃为15.17%~15.48%,MgO为1.67%~1.91%,Mg#为47.4~51.5,K₂O为3.86%~4.09%,A/CNK=0.91~1.01,属准铝质高钾钙碱性岩石。岩石轻稀土富集明显,高Sr（492×10^-6~670.2×10^-6）,低Y（8.27×10^-6~14.99×10^-6）,Yb（1.07×10^-6~1.79×10^-6）,高Sr/Y（35.0~81.0）,高La/Yb（17.4~21.4）,弱负Eu异常,具埃达克岩地球化学特征。相对富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）和重稀土。锆石ε_Hf（t）值为10.5~14.1,单阶段Hf模式年龄（t_DM1）为184.8~326.1 Ma,平均为203.4 Ma,二阶段Hf模式年龄（t_DM2）为247.2~476.0 Ma,平均为287.1 Ma,略大于侵位年龄,指示岩浆物质来源于俯冲洋壳,并可能卷入俯冲沉积物。岩石中地幔组分印记Mg#值和相容元素Ni、Cr含量较高,表明熔体在上升过程中与上覆地幔楔发生反应。研究分析表明,在新特提斯洋洋脊俯冲作用下,高温热流透过板片窗导致洋壳（及俯冲沉积物）部分熔融形成札佐埃达克质二长花岗岩。同时表明,在80 Ma左右,新特提斯洋仍处于洋脊俯冲阶段。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with