利凡诺对S—180实体瘤生长的影响

本文报道利凡对小鼠Ｓ－１８０实体瘤生长的影响，经研究发现利凡诺高（４５ｍｇ／ｋｇ＾－１．ｄ＾－１），中（３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ＾－１．ｄ＾－１）低（１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ＾－１．ｄ＾－１）剂量组瘤重抑制率分别为４７．５％，２９．７５％和－２３．１４％，高剂量组和阳性药组平均瘤重明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。阳性药（氟尿嘧啶，１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ＾－１．ｄ＾１）组瘤重抑制率为５２．０７％，采用高剂量利凡诺重复试验三次，     

牛膝多糖抗肿瘤作用及免疫机制实验研究

作者研究了牛膝多糖（ＡＢＰ）对Ｓ＿（１８０）荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用和脾细胞诱生ＴＮＦ和ＬＡＫ细胞活性的影响。结果证实ＡＢＰ２５～１００ｍｇ·Ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１）×７的抑瘤率为３１％～４０％。环磷酰胺１２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ单次的抑瘤率为１７％，与ＡＢＰ１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１）合用的抑瘤率为５８％，有明显协同作用。ＡＢＰ１～２μｇ／ｍｌ对小鼠肉瘤Ｓ＿（１８０）细胞和人白血病Ｋ＿（５６２）细胞的增殖均有明显抑制作用，ＡＢＰ５０及１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ腹腔注射能明显提高Ｓ＿（１８０）荷瘤小鼠ＬＡＫ细胞活性和ＴＮＦ－β生成。诱生ＴＮＦ的达峰时间是２次腹腔注射后的第８天。为探讨其抗肿瘤机理，对Ｓ＿（１８０）细胞膜成份进行了分析，结果显示ＡＢＰ与细胞接触２４小时，引起细胞膜唾液酸含量升高，膜磷脂含量降低，这些变化差异均有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；但膜胆固醇含量、膜流动性（Ｃ／Ｐ比值）不受影响。提示ＡＢＰ的抗瘤机理与其增强宿主免疫功能及改变细胞膜生化特性有关。     

大豆皂甙对小鼠移植肿瘤生长的影响

目的探讨大豆皂甙（ＴＳ）对肿瘤细胞生长的影响及其机制。方法采用Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠皮下接种Ｓ１８０细胞后，经口连续７天注入胃内０（对照组）、１０、２０和４０ｍｇ／ｋｇＴＳ。结果第８天注入上述剂量ＳＴ组小鼠移植肿瘤平均重量分别为１．１８、０．８和０．８９ｇ，均较对照组２．２３ｇ明显减轻（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。小鼠腹腔注入Ｓ１８０细胞后，连续７天经腹腔分别注入上述剂量ＴＳ，第８天各组小鼠Ｓ１８０细胞周期进程均延缓，Ｇ０／Ｇ１期Ｓ１８０细胞平均百分数分别为３０．７６、４１．７４和３４．８４，均较对照组２４．７６增多，４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组小鼠最明显（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｓ期Ｓ１８０细胞分别为１５．２８、１１．６４和１１．８０，均较对照组３０．３０明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＴＳ对小鼠移植肿瘤生长有抑制作用，可能与肿瘤细胞从Ｇ０／Ｇ１期向Ｓ期进程受阻有关。     

组胺与恶性肿瘤的关系及抗肿瘤作用的研究

目的研究食管癌患者围手术期血浆组胺浓度的变化及外源性组胺与化疗药合用对小鼠Ｓ－１８０的治疗作用。方法以荧光法测定食管癌患者术前，术后２天、４天及１周的血浆组胺浓度，与正常人及非肿瘤患者对照。以组胺和环磷酰胺单独或联合对小鼠Ｓ－１８０做实验治疗。结果与正常人及非肿瘤患者相比，食管癌患者术前血浆组胺浓度明显偏低（Ｐ＜０．００５），术后１周呈回升趋势（Ｐ＜０．０１）。组胺５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和环磷酰胺１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ单独使用对小鼠Ｓ－１８０的抑制率分别为２６．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和１８．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５），二者合用达４７．６％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论血浆组胺浓度与恶性肿瘤的发展状况有密切关系，外源性组胺与环磷酰胺合用可降低后者的剂量而保证疗效。     

复方柴胡提取液对荷瘤S180小鼠的抗肿瘤作用研究

将复方柴胡提取液腹液入荷瘤Ｓ１８０小鼠，结果表明荷瘤小鼠实验组的腹水量和瘤重均低于对照组，两组差异有显著性意义（Ｐ〈０．０１和Ｐ〈０．０５），实验组小鼠平均寿命比对照组明显增加（Ｐ〈０．０５），生命延长率为５４％，以ＡＮＡＥ点样型淋巴细胞作为小鼠细胞免疫指标，实验组较对照组明显增强（Ｐ〈０．０５），说明复方柴胡提取液对小鼠Ｓ１８０有一定抗肿瘤作用并能提高荷瘤小鼠的细胞免疫能力。     

固本抑瘤Ⅱ号方对抗癌药物的增效作用

作者测定了固本抑瘤Ⅱ号方（下称固本）加上抗癌药（ＣＴＸ，５－Ｆｕ和ＡＤＭ）抗小鼠肿瘤Ｓ－１８０和肝癌生长的影响。结果表明，单用固本对小鼠肿瘤Ｓ－１８０和肝癌（Ｈｅｐａ）无明显的抑瘤作用。固本与抗癌药物联用时，６０ｇ．ｋｇ＾－１／ｄ的固本能显著增强ＣＴＸ，５－ＦＵ抗小鼠Ｓ－１８０和肝癌的作用（金正均法ｑ值均〉１）；但不能增强ＡＤＭ抗小鼠Ｓ－１８０的作用（ｑ值〈１）。而１２０ｇ．ｋｇ＾－１／ｄ对ＣＴＸ     

静注压宁定对气管插管心血管反应的影响

将４０例病人随机分为压宁定组（ｎ＝２０），对照组（ｎ＝２０）。以０．５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１压宁定诱导插管，观察诱导即刻、１ｍｉｎ、３ｍｉｎ和插管时，插管后１ｍｉｎ、５ｍｉｎ时两组病人的收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、舒张压（ＤＢＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）变化。结果表明：压宁定组的ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ在插管时低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；ＨＲ在插管前后无差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），对照组ＨＲ在插管后明显上升，差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。插管     

云芝提取液的抗瘤作用

研究云芝提取液对小鼠移植性动物实体肿瘤的抑制作用。方法；按常规方法拉种肿瘤２４小时后，云芝口服液在２０－６０ｇ干药．ｋｇ＾－１／ｄ剂量范围内，连续灌胃７天，计算其抑瘤率。结果：小鼠Ｓ－１８０的抑瘤率为３１．３－５１．８％之间，均Ｐ〈０．００１，对小鼠肝癌的抑制率为４６．２－６６．５％之间，无Ｐ〈０．００１；对小鼠Ｌ－Ⅱ的抑制率为３７．９－６４．６％之间，均Ｐ〈０．００１。     

瑞香狼毒提取物尼地吗啉的抗癌活性

从中药瑞香狼毒（ＳｔｅｌｌｅｒａｃｈａｍａｅｊａｓｍｅＬ．）的甲醇提取物中分离到的二萜化合物尼地吗啉（ｇｎｉｄｉｍａｃｒｉｎ），以０．０２～０．０３ｍｇ／ｋｇ腹腔注射，可使小鼠白血病Ｐ－３８８和Ｌ－１２１０腹水型的生命延长７０％和８０％。以０．０１～０．０２ｍｇ／ｋｇ腹腔注射，可使小鼠实体瘤Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌、黑色素瘤Ｂ－１６和结肠癌２６的生命延长４０％、４９％和４１％。应用ＭＴＴ法和克隆形成法，观察了尼地吗啉对体外培养的人白血病Ｋ５６２和胃癌Ｋａｔｏ－Ⅲ、ＭＫＮ－２８、ＭＫＮ－４５及小鼠Ｌ－１２１０的细胞生长和克隆形成抑制作用，其ＩＣ＿５０在０．００７～０．０００１２μｇ／ｍｌ范围。这表明尼地吗啉具有较强的抗癌活性，是瑞香狼毒抗癌作用的主要成分。     

热疗对荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性的影响

为研究热化疗综合治疗癌症对机体免疫功能的影响，采用ＹＡＣ－１细胞￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入抑制的ＮＫ细胞活性检测法，测定了经不同方法治疗的荷瘤鼠脾脏ＮＫ细胞的变化情况。ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠６８只，设５组，为正常对照组，实验组分为不治疗组、平阳霉素治疗组、热疗组及热疗联合平阳霉素组。实验组小鼠于右后足底支下接种Ｓ＿（１８０）细胞２×１０￣７／０．１ｍｌ．治疗两次，间隔７天后处死取脾脏进行ＮＫ细胞活性检测。结果表明不治疗组与平阳霉素组ＮＫ细胞活性无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；热化疗组与正常对照组无差异。证实单纯化疗组其ＮＫ效应细胞功能受到严重损害，不能发挥应有的免疫作用；而联合热疗则可恢复其正常ＮＫ细胞活性，增强免疫功能。     

直流电结合阿霉素抑制小鼠S180实体瘤生长的实验研究

本文探讨了直流电(DC)结合阿霉素(ADM)时小鼠S_(180)实体瘤的抑制作用。ADM+DC组抑瘤率为56.79％;单用DC(3v,1h/d·3) 治疗抑瘤率为28.24％;单用ADM(5mg,kg~(-1)/d·3)抑瘤率为33.62％。ADM+DC组与DC组和ADM组相比较,P<0.05。静注等量阿霉素后最大血药浓度是电治疗时肿瘤局部注射阿霉素的2.12倍,曲线下峰面积是1、40倍,心脏最大浓度为3.56倍。本研究提示直流电和阿霉素有协同作用。在直流电治疗肿瘤时,肿瘤局部注射阿霉素不仅提高了肿瘤局部药浓度,而且较传统的静注降低了阿霉素副作用,尤其是心脏毒性。     

Melatonin suppresses benz(a)pyrene-induced carcinogenesis in mice

Skin tumors were induced in 3 groups of out-bred mice SHR by painting with 0.05% solution of benz(a)pyrene and 0.2ml acetone beginning from the age of 3 months. Each group included 40 mice; another 10 intact animals were in control. From day 2 on, several experimental animals received melatonin 2 and 20 mg/l with drinking water daily at nighttime. Mice were decapitated 24 weeks later. Among the parameters under study were frequency, multiplicity, size, morphological pattern, latent period of tumors and survival. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated on the basis of levels of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and catalase in blood serum and tumor tissue. Tumor frequency in controls was 69.4%. That index in melatonin-treated mice fell as follows: 2 mg/l- 1.9 times (p<0.01); 20 mg/l - 2.2 times (p<0.05). Following melatonin 2 mg/l and 20 mg/l, the number of tumors per animal fell by 30.6% (p<0.05) and 27.4% (p<0.05), respectively; medium and maximum size of tumor decreased significantly too. There was no correlation between melatonin treatment and latent period duration. Melatonin 20 mg/l was followed by shorter survival after tumor development whereas 2 mg/l produced the opposite effect. Benz(a)pyrene boosted blood serum MDA by 190%, catalase - by 267% and 116% in tumor tissue as compared with untreated controls. Melatonin treatment supressed MDA and catalase levels in blood serum but not in tumor tissue. Relatively smaller doses exerted a more marked effect.     

硒化蓖麻酸多相脂质体抗癌作用的初步报告

将作者首次合成的硒化蓖麻酸及蓖麻酸分别制成乳剂和多相脂质体，进行各种剂型的动物体内外抗癌活性研究。结果，在体外５００μｇ／ｍｌ的浓度下，蓖麻酸乳剂和硒化蓖麻乳剂都能１００％地杀伤Ｓ１８０腹水型瘤细胞，而对照组瘤组织有９７％存活。在体内蓖麻酸乳剂给小鼠腹腔注射２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对Ｓ１８０实体瘤的抑制率为３０．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；相同剂量下硒化蓖麻酸乳剂的抑瘤率为３３．３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；蓖麻酸多     

环磷酰胺联合照射后半相合淋巴细胞对小鼠肝癌移植瘤的抑制作用

目的:观察不同剂量环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CTX)预处理联合5 Gy60Co照射的半相合淋巴细胞输注(hap-loidentical lymphocyte infusion,HLI)对小鼠肝癌移植瘤的抑制作用。方法:以皮下接种Hepa1-6肝癌细胞的BABL/c×C57BL杂交F1代雌性小鼠(表型为H-2b/d)为受鼠,以BALB/c×C3H杂交F1代雌性小鼠(表型为H-2d/k)为MHC半相合的供者,分PBS组、CTX 80 mg/kg+5 Gy照射HLI组、CTX 200 mg/kg+5 Gy照射HLI组、CTX 300 mg/kg+5 Gy照射HLI组、5 Gy照射HLI组,每组5只小鼠;观察各组小鼠瘤块生长和大小,检测受鼠体内的嵌合状态及移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus host disease,GVHD)的发病情况。结果:80、200 mg CTX联合HLI组小鼠瘤体积小于PBS组[(1.25±0.24)、(1.38±0.31)vs(2.03±0.24)cm3,P<0.01],小鼠生存时间显著长于PBS组[48 d(39 d,55 d)、40 d(35 d,48 d)vs 35 d(18 d,39 d),P<0.05];80mg CTX联合HLI组的抑瘤作用强于单纯HLI组[(1.25±0.24)vs(1.76±0.40)cm3,P<0.05];300 mg CTX联合HLI组和单纯HLI组无明显抑瘤作用。各治疗组小鼠均未出现GVHD。80、200 mg CTX联合HLI组小鼠嵌合度低于300 mg CTX联合HLI组,且消失时间明显早于后者。结论:低剂量CTX联合输注经照射的半相合供者淋巴细胞可获得较好的抗小鼠肝癌移植瘤的作用,CTX剂量增加后抗肿瘤作用并未增强。     

Ⅰ-单克隆抗体对人卵巢癌细胞株OC-3-VGH裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制作用

目的： 探索131I-单克隆抗体对人OC-3-VGH卵巢癌裸鼠肿瘤的抑制作用。方法：建立人卵巢癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,将28只移植瘤模型裸鼠随机分成7组,即阴性对照组 (等体积生理盐水)、60 mg/kg环磷酰胺 (cyclophosphamide,CP)阳性组、单抗高 (10 mg/kg)、低 (2 mg/kg)剂量组、131I-单抗高剂量组 (10 mg/kg＋125 μCi)、131I-单抗中剂量组 (6 mg/kg＋75 μCi)、131I-单抗低剂量组 (2 mg/kg＋25 μCi),各组连续腹腔给药14 d,分别在第0天 (d0)、d4、d8、d12、d15称量裸鼠体质量,测量肿瘤体积,于末次给药后24 h,剖瘤称取质量,计算相对肿瘤增殖率和抑瘤率。结果：与阴性对照组相比,单抗高剂量组、131I-单抗中、高剂量组均显著抑制肿瘤生长,相对肿瘤增殖率分别是54%、48%、30%,抑瘤率分别为33.59%、45.80%、64.89%,差异均具有统计学意义 (P＜0.01),单抗高剂量组与131I-单抗高剂量组间的差异也具有统计学意义 (P＜0.05)。结论：单克隆抗体和131I-单克隆抗体对人OC-3-VGH卵巢癌均有明显的抑制作用,131I-单克隆抗体高剂量组有明显的增效作用。     

维生素K3对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤及肝脏谷胱甘肽含量的影响

本实验将维生素Ｋ３作为抗肿瘤药物施用于荷瘤小鼠，检测对肿瘤及宿主肝脏ＧＳＨ、ＧＳＳＧ含量的影响。结果表明在本实验所用量下，维生素Ｋ３对肿瘤宿主肝脏中无论是ＧＳＨ，还是ＧＳＳＧ都未产生显著性影响，对肿瘤组织中上述两成份的含量可产生剂量依赖性消耗，用药量达８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时，ＧＳＨ的消耗量与对照组相比，差异具有显著性。     

有机锗(Ge-132)对大鼠肝细胞色素P_(450)、EROD活性抑制作用的研究

利用雄性ＳＤ大鼠每日经口给予有机锗（Ｇｅ－１３２）１００、２５０、５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ连续二十五ｄ，发现高剂量组的肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０受到明显抑制（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对Ｐ４４８的标志酶乙氧基异吩口恶唑脱乙氧基酶（ＥＲＯＤ）的抑制也近５０％；动物以Ｇｅ－１３２５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ预先处理２０ｄ，再分别给予苯巴比妥钠盐（ＰＢ）、３－甲基胆蒽（３－ＭＣ），发现Ｇｅ－１３２对ＰＢ诱导Ｐ４５０的抑制不明显，而对３－ＭＣ诱导ＥＲＯＤ的抑制仍达３３％。     

Synergistic gastric cancer inhibition by chemogenetherapy with recombinant human adenovirus p53 and epirubicin: an in vitro and in vivo study

This study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effect on SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells by chemogenetherapy. SGC-7901 cells were treated by chemogenetherapy with Gendicine, a recombinant human Ad-p53 injection (rAd-p53), and epirubicin hydrochloride (EPI), a cytotoxic chemotherapy agent. Compared with blank control, rAd-p53, EPI, and combined therapy achieved SGC-7901 growth inhibition by 32.26, 35.48, 43.44%, respectively on day 1 and 70.62, 78.82, 87.15%, respectively on day 2 (rAd-p53, EPI VS control, p<0.01; rAd-p53+EPI VS either alone, p<0.05). Flow cytometry study confirmed that rAd-p53 and/or EPI mainly inhibit the cell cycle at S phase. SGC-7901 cells were subcutaneously injected into the nude mice to form xenograft models, which were treated with rAd-p53 and EPI. Compared with the blank control, treatment with rAd-p53 at the dose of 10 μl of 10(12) vp/ml and EPI at the dose of 1.25 mg/kg, 7 times in 3 weeks, resulted in 80 and 60% of tumor growth inhibition, respectively. No animal death was observed, although 2 nude mice in rAd-p53 group developed liver toxicity and 1 nude mouse in EPI group developed cardiac toxicity. rAd-p53 and EPI have synergistic tumor inhibition effect on gastric cancer cells.     

三氧化二砷对裸鼠宫颈癌移植瘤的作用及机制

摘要：目的研究三氧化二砷 (arsenic trioxide,ATO,As2O3)对宫颈癌HeLa细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长的作用及机制。方法建立裸鼠移植瘤模型,分为低浓度As2O3组［2mg/（kg·d）］,高浓度As2O3组［5mg/（kg·d）］,顺铂（DDP）组［3mg/（kg·d）］及阴性对照组（0.9%氯化钠0.2ml/d）,连续给药10d,观察抑瘤率及药物对裸鼠的影响。透射电子显微镜观察肿瘤的超微结构,免疫组织化学检测p-P38和Caspase-3的表达。结果低浓度As2O3,高浓度As2O3 及DDP的抑瘤率分别为22.95%、54.86%和54.48%,后两者的抑瘤率与阴性对照组的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05),但DDP的不良反应大。p-P38和Caspase-3在As2O3组的表达明显高于阴性对照组（P<0.05)。结论As2O3可通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡抑制宫颈癌移植瘤的生长。     

Schedule-dependent and -independent Antitumor Activity of Paclitaxel-based Combination Chemotherapy against M-109 Murine Lung Carcinoma in vivo

The established antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel against a variety of human tumors has led to pre-clinical and clinical studies to develop the paclitaxel-based combination regimens. We examined in vivo the antitumor activity and toxicity of the combination of paclitaxel and each of 8 antitumor agents, currently in clinical use, against M-109 murine lung carcinoma implanted subcutaneously into male CDF₁ mice. Paclitaxel given intravenously at 24 mg/kg/day on a schedule of consecutive daily injections for 5 days (d1–5) induced reproducibly, in 6 experiments, a significant (37–82%) increase in the survival time of tumor-bearing mice over saline-treated control mice. Cisplatin at 4 and 2 mg/kg/day given intravenously on the same treatment schedule showed no significant antitumor activity when given alone; however, the combination of paclitaxel at 24 mg/kg/day (d1–5) followed by cisplatin at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day (d6–10) induced a significant ( P <0.05) prolongation of the survival time of tumor-bearing mice compared with the group given paclitaxel alone. On the other hand, treatment with these drugs on the reverse sequence caused toxic deaths of all mice. Such sequence-dependent toxic death of mice was also observed with the combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin, etoposide or methotrexate. The combination of paclitaxel and adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ranimustine or vinblastine (VLB) showed a sequence-independent antitumor activity and a more-than-additive therapeutic effect was observed with the combination of paclitaxel and either VLB or ranimustine. Although the drug administration schedules used here may not be directly applicable to the clinic, knowledge of the nature of the sequence-dependency in paclitaxel-based combination chemotherapy should be useful in the design of clinical trials.