制浆造纸中段水的生化处理研究

制浆造纸废水是一种较难治理的工业废水.以山东某纸业公司的造纸中段废水为研究对象,采用动态连续试验方法和"厌氧活性污泥 生物接触氧化工艺"对该废水进行生化处理,试验分培养、驯化和工艺参数优化三个部分.培养、驯化出了适应该废水的微生物优势菌种为红斑飘虫和钟虫,并分离出了降解木质素的优势纯菌种白腐菌,得出了生化处理流程最佳条件.出水指标达到了GB 3544-1992造纸工业污染物排放二级标准.     

SKHZYE菌在废水处理中的应用

试验采用SBR工艺,通过添加处理废水微生物的活性污泥与普通活性污泥对废水处理效果的比较,得出:当曝气时间为4h时,加菌的SBR反应器出水COD的去除率均在80%以上;NH4-N的去除率平均值达到了97.52%,其对废水的处理效果明显优于未加菌的SBR反应器。     

SBR法处理酚氰废水的研究

焦化厂酚氰废水毒性大、有机物含量高,较难处理。引入SBR工艺处理酚氰废水,研究了曝气时间及污泥负荷对污染物去除率的影响。结果表明,通过对普通活性污泥的培养与驯化,利用SBR工艺处理焦化厂酚氰废水是可行的;当污泥质量浓度为4g/L,污泥负荷(CODCr)为0.15kg/(kg·d),曝气时间为4h时,COD、酚、氰的去除率分别可达86.6%、99.7%,95.9%;改变SBR的运行程序,对氨氮也有较好的处理效果。     

ABR+SBR工艺处理高盐采油废水工程

考察了ABR SBR组合工艺处理高盐度采油废水的工艺调试与运行.在废水盐度高、有机负荷低且可生化性不强的不利条件下,先对SBR池进行调试,采用间歇接种法,采取向池中投加白糖、尿素、磷肥等营养物质和粪便等强制措施进行污泥的培养与驯化.ABR池建成后,ABR SBR系统联合试运行,同时采用连续流接种法时ABR池污泥进行培养与驯化.试运行与稳定运行结果表明,系统运行稳定,出水水质良好,各项指标均达到污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)的一级标准.     

稠油污水生物处理实验研究

微生物通过培养和驯化后完全可以在稠油污水体系中生存,对稠油污水中的有机物有较好的生物降解作用。利用SBR活性污泥法处理油田稠油污水是可行的,能将污水中的COD降至150mg·L-1以下,达到标准GB8978 1996污水综合排放二级标准的要求。     

SBR间歇活性污泥法处理络合铜废水试验研究

采用异步培养驯化法,在自制SBR反应器中培养驯化处理络合铜专性污泥。探讨了水力停留时间对处理效果的影响。稳定运行后,分别提高COD、总铜浓度对SBR反应器进行冲击。结果表明,在间歇曝气环境下驯化出的专性污泥对模拟废水有良好的处理效果;长期运行专性污泥对模拟废水的COD去除率稳定在85%左右,总铜去除率稳定在65%左右,SVI稳定在100～120 mL/g之间;反应器内污泥性状良好,颜色呈深土黄褐色;HRT为10 h处理效果较优;负荷冲击试验表明,总铜负荷的提高对处理效果影响较大,COD负荷的提高对处理效果影响较小。     

活性污泥培养与驯化方法的应用

活性污泥培养与驯化是污水生物处理的一种方法,即在人工充氧条件下,对污水和各种微生物群体进行连续混合培养,形成活性污泥,利用活性污泥的生物凝聚、吸附和氧化作用,以分解去除污水中的有机污染物。影响活性污泥过程工作效率(处理效率和经济效益)的主要因素是处理方法的选择与曝气池和沉淀池的设计及运行。我公司的SBR活性污泥法在处理工业废水过程中效果十分明显。     

ABR-SBR组合工艺系统处理餐饮废水的试验研究

研究了ABR-SBR组合工艺系统在冬季低温条件(10-15℃)下处理某餐饮废水的效果并探究其最佳运行参数.该系统是由厌氧处理单元,即厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)和好氧处理单元,即序批式活性污泥法反应器(SBR)组合而成.活性污泥取自城市污水处理厂,在ABR中用餐饮废水驯化50d,在SBR中驯化时间较短(7d).在这2个处理单元中分别设置不同的水力停留时间(HRT).结果表明,在ABR中HRT为14h,SBR中好氧曝气7h、缺氧搅拌2h和沉淀50min,系统处理效果最好,COD.氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)和总氮(TN)去除率分别达到86%,92%,85%和75%,出水水质均达到国家一级排放标准.     

生物活性炭废水处理工艺研究

生物活性炭工艺是在活性污泥法基础上投加粉末活性炭填料共同作用的新型活性污泥法,主要应用于石化、制药等行业产生的部分难降解有毒害工业废水处理。本文通过研究发现,生物活性炭工艺的污泥驯化时间比普通活性污泥增加一倍,但污泥驯化成熟稳定后,生物活性炭工艺对废水的处理效果、耐负荷冲击能力、运行稳定性等均优于普通活性污泥工艺,另外生物活性炭工艺可有效解决普通活性污泥工艺存在污泥膨胀和生物泡沫问题。生物活性炭工艺对废水的COD_(Cr)平均去除率可达到90%,比普通活性污泥提高了10%。     

两段SBR法与普通SBR法的比较研究

本文介绍了用两个SBR组成的两段SBR法与普通SBR法处理宾馆污水的试验研究，结果表明：这两种方法的CODCr去除率相当，处理生活污水的活性污泥法经长期驯化都能达到比较理想的去除效果；两段法的出水水质稍好并且波动更小一些，添加第一段有助于保证出水水质的稳定；两段法的周期更短，能耗更低。从两段式SBR法处理宾馆污水的试验结果可见，两段反应器中具有不完全相同的微生物种群，有利于降解污水中不同性质的有机物，提高了两段SBR法的处理效率和效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.