新型高活性催化剂乙烯气相聚合的研究：共聚反应动力学及共聚？…

研究了新型高活性催化剂ＴｉＣｌ４、Ｔｉ（ＯＢｕ）４／ＭｇＣｌ２、ＳｉＯ２、ＺｎＣｌ２／醇／ＡｌＲ３体系催化乙烯和１－丁烯气相共聚反应的规律和动力学。     

用TiCl_4／MgCl_2－Al（i－Bu）_3合成反－1，4－聚异戊二烯

研究了负载型钛催化剂ＴｉＣｌ_４／ＭｇＣｌ_２－Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）_３体系合成反－１，４－聚异戊二烯的基本规律。结果表明，最适宜的聚合条件为：６０℃，Ａｌ／Ｔｉ＝１０（摩尔比），Ｔｉ／Ｉｐ＝２×１０￣（－４）（摩尔比），加料顺序为汽油－Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｉｐ。预聚合可有效地提高催化剂效率，而对聚合物的分子量影响不大。     

理化因子对嗜盐隐杆藻细胞生长及胞外多糖产量的影响

比较不同ＮａＣｌ、Ｃａ２＋、ＰＯ３－４等离子浓度对嗜盐隐杆藻（Ａｐｈａｎｏｔｈｅｃｅｈａｌｏｐｈｙｔｉｃａ）细胞生长及胞外多糖（Ｅｘｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃ－ｃｈａｒｉｄｅＥＰＳ）产量的影响。在各影响因子不同浓度的培养条件下,０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ、１．０ｇ／Ｌ的Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．１ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４分别是其最佳生长浓度。ＥＰＳ的产量在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ、,０．５ｇ／ＬＣａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．５ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４培养条件下最高。在较低的Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、ＰＯ３－４浓度下可提高ＥＰＳ产率。     

酸性膦酸酯钕盐催化聚合丁二烯的研究

以酸性膦酸酯（Ｐ５０７）钕盐（Ｎｄ）、Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３（Ａｌ）和Ａｌ２Ｅｔ３Ｃｌ３（Ｃｌ）为催化体系，已烷为溶剂，进行丁二烯（Ｂｄ）溶液聚合。催化剂采用Ａｌ＋Ｎｄ＋Ｃｌ的加料方式，Ａｌ／Ｎｄ＝２０（摩尔比，下同），Ｃｌ／Ｎｄ＝３．０，室温下陈化２ｈ以上，于５０℃恒温水溶中聚合５ｈ，可得到顺式－１，４含量高于９７％，［η］大于９．０ｄＬ／ｇ的聚合物。同时证明，在相同的催化剂组分配比及聚合条件下，该     

Cr_2O_3在SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO-B_2O_3系玻璃和玻璃陶瓷中的作用

利用ＳＭＥ和ＸＲＤ等技术,系统研究了Ｃｒ２Ｏ３对ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＭｇＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３系玻璃和玻璃陶瓷中的作用。当Ｃｒ２Ｏ３％＜１时,随着Ｃｒ２Ｏ３。含量的增加,玻璃试样的颜色由浅绿色逐渐转变成灰色;Ｃｒ２Ｏ３％＞１时,镁铬（铝）类晶石,Ｍｇ（Ａｌ１．５Ｃｒ０．５）Ｏ４,在玻璃试样中析出;在玻璃陶瓷中,Ｃｒ２Ｏ３％的含量的增加有助于Ｍｇ（Ａｌ１．５Ｃｒ０．５）Ｏ４相的析出,对云母晶体的析出有抑制作用。同时还发现Ｃｒ２Ｏ３的含量对云母晶体显微组织也有显著的影响作用。     

SiC对IRFC致密度及性能的影响

基于原位反应复合材料生长的ＥｘｔｅｎｄｅｄＶａｐｏｒ－Ｌｉｑｕｉｄ－Ｓｏｌｉｄ机制，设计使用Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｍｇ合金为母相，煅烧过的ＳｉＣ（１４μｍ）细颗粒为预测件，采用加水ＣａＳＯ４与Ａｌ２Ｏ３混合粉为阻生剂制出体积相对密度在９７％以上，强度高达５００．９±４０．９ＭＰａ，Ｋｉｃ高达５．０８±０．３９ＭＰａ．ｍ１／２的ＩＲＦＣ材料，并运用金相显微镜对ＩＲＦＣ的微观结构进行了分析，用ＥＶＳＬ理论对ＩＲ     

SiC—Al2O3基复相陶瓷的N2—HIP研究

通过对热压ＳｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料进行了Ｎ２－ＨＩＰ后处理，制备得到Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＡｌＮ＝ＳｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３梯度材料，经Ｎ２－ＨＩＰ处理后，材料抗弯强度提高３５％－９５％，并得到经强度达１０３０ＭＰａ的ＳｉｅＮ４－ＡｌＮ／ＳｉＣｐ－ＳｉＣＷ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料。     

丙烯聚合负载型高效催化剂及给电子体作用机理

综述了具有代表性的丙烯聚合负载型高效催化剂ＴｉＣｌ４·ＭｇＣｌ２·Ｐｈ（ＣＯＯＢｕ）２－ＡｌＲ３·ＰｈｎＳｉ（ＯＲ）４－ｎ，丙烯聚合活性中心结构模型及聚合机理，阐述了催化剂中给电子体的结构特征及作用机理，着重阐明了芳香族单酯、芳香族双脂，烷氧基硅烷作内外给电子体，提高丙烯聚合等规度的原理。     

溶胶－凝胶法制备莫来石晶须

用正硅酸乙酯、硝酸铝为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶工艺制备了Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｉＯ＿２干凝胶，通过高温热处理制得了直径为０．５～２．５μｍ，长径比为５～４０的莫来石晶须。采用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ和ＳＡＤＰ等手段研究了莫来石晶须的晶相组成、形貌与生长方向，发现莫来石晶须是沿其ｃ轴方向生长的。用４ｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ＿３·Ｈ＿２Ｏ催化的Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｉＯ＿２溶胶的凝胶化时间越短，经高温热处理后莫来石晶须含量越高。     

用于乙烯聚合的ＶＯＣｌ３· ｎＲＯＨ／Ａｌ２Ｅｔ３Ｃｌ３催化剂

以Ｖ２Ｏ５ 为原料、脂肪醇为萃取剂,在较为温和 的条件下制备了钒醇配合物（ＶＯＣｌ３ · ｎＲＯＨ）,用其为催 化剂、Ａｌ２ Ｅｔ３ Ｃｌ３ 为助催化剂催化乙烯聚合。结果表明,该 催化剂体系聚合烯烃的活性及催化效率均高于ＶＯＣｌ３ ／ Ａｌ２ Ｅｔ３Ｃｌ３催化剂体系;较低的温度对ＶＯＣｌ３· ｎＲＯＨ／Ａｌ２Ｅｔ３Ｃｌ３体系催化乙烯聚合有利。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。