(Z)-2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)-2-甲氧亚氨基乙酸的合成

目的 合成头孢唑兰中间体(Z)-2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)-2-甲氧亚氨基乙酸。方法 以氰乙酰胺为起始原料,依次经甲氧亚氨化、加成、酯化、与硫氰化钾反应、构型转换和水解共6步反应制得目标化合物。结果和结论 目标化合物的结构经¹H-NMR和MS谱确证。该工艺路线原料易得,操作简便,总收率为29.8%,具有一定的工业化价值。     

(6R,7R)-7-[2-呋喃基(甲氧亚氨基)乙酰氨基]-3-羟甲基-8-氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂二环[420]辛-2-烯-2-甲酸的合成研究

目的　制备(6R,7R) - 7-[2 -呋喃基(甲氧亚氨基)乙酰氨基] - 3-羟甲基- 8-氧代- 5 -硫杂- 1-氮杂二环[4 2 0]辛- 2 -烯- 2 -甲酸。方法　通过7-氨基头孢烷酸的水解,生成去乙酰基7-氨基头孢烷酸,再与2 - (2 -呋喃基)- 2 -甲氧亚胺基乙酸氯反应进行7位氨基的酰化制备上述医药中间体。结果及结论　适宜的反应条件为:7-氨基头孢烷酸在- 2 5℃水解,与2 - (2 -呋喃基) - 2 -甲氧亚胺基乙酰氯在- 10℃反应,二者的摩尔比为1 0∶1. 15,收率可达80 %。     

2-（5-氨基-1，2，4-噻二唑-3-基）-2-（Z）-甲氧亚氨基乙酸S-苯并噻唑硫酯的合成

2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)-2-(Z)-甲氧亚氨基乙酰胺与2-巯基苯并噻唑为原料,哌啶为溶剂,在三乙胺催化下反应制得头孢菌素中间体2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)-2-(Z)-甲氧亚氨基乙酸S-苯并噻唑硫酯,收率约76%。     

(Z)-2 - [(5-氨基-[1,2,4]噻二唑-3-基)-羧基-亚甲基氨基氧基]-2-甲基-丙酸叔丁酯的制备方法

摘要：本文探索头孢洛扎中间体的制备方法。首先将起始物料2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)-2-甲氧亚氨基乙酸与甲醇进行 反应得到化合物1,然后化合物1与盐酸羟胺反应得到化合物2,其次化合物2与α-溴代异丁酸叔丁酯进行缩合反应得到化合物3, 最后通过水解反应制备(Z)-2-[(5-氨基-[1,2,4]噻二唑-3-基)-羧基-亚甲基氨基氧基]-2-甲基-丙酸叔丁酯(简称TATD)。该产品的纯度 与总摩尔收率分别为99.1%、66.1%,且反应原料易得,适合工业化规模生产。     

7β-氨基-3-氯甲基-7α-甲氧基-1-氧代-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸二苯甲酯的合成路线图解

7β-氨基-3-氯甲基-7α-甲氧基-1-氧代-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸二苯甲酯（1）是合成拉氧头孢（1atamoxef）和氟氧头孢（flomoxef）等注射用头孢菌素的母核。从6-氨基青霉烷酸（6-APA，2）制取1的合成路线可归纳如下（图1）。     

硫酸头孢噻利的合成

7-氨基头孢烷酸为原料采用“一锅煮”的方法合成关键中间7β-胺基-3-[3-胺基2-（2-羟乙基）-1-吡唑嗡甲基]-3头孢烯-4-羧酸盐酸盐,再与2-（2-氨基-4-噻唑基）-2-（甲氧亚氨基）乙酸硫代苯并噻唑酯缩合得到头孢噻利.     

2-（2-氨基-4-噻唑基）-2-（Z）-羟亚胺基乙酸的合成Synthesis of 2-（2-amino-4-thiazolyl）-2-（Z）-hydroxyiminoacetic acid

以乙酰乙酸甲酯为原料，经亚硝化，硫酰氯氯化，环合，水解，精制五步反应制备了2-（2-氨基-4-噻唑基）-2-（Z）-羟亚胺基乙酸，总收率38．8％。本品是合成头孢克肟、头孢他啶、头孢地尼等的重要中间体。     

2-(2-氨基噻唑-4-基)-(z)-2-甲氧亚胺基乙酸乙酯合成方法的改进

2-(2-氨基噻唑-4-基)-(z)-2-甲氧亚胺基乙酸乙酯是制备头孢噻肟等三代头孢菌素的重要中间原料。它是以乙酰乙酸乙酯为起始原料，经肟化、甲基化、溴化、环合四步反应合成。产物顺式异构体的总收率达60％，熔点162．5～164℃，质量经检查符合标准。     

2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-(Z)-羟亚胺基乙酸的合成

以乙酰乙酸甲酯为原料,经亚硝化,硫酰氯氯化,环合,水解,精制五步反应制备了2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-(Z)-羟亚胺基乙酸,总收率38.8%。本品是合成头孢克肟、头孢他啶、头孢地尼等的重要中间体。     

3-(1-甲基-5-甲硫基-1-H-四氮唑)-氨基头孢烷酸二苯基亚甲酯的合成研究

以氨基头孢烷酸为原料合成3-(1-甲基-5-甲硫基-1-H-四氮唑)-氨基头孢烷酸二苯基亚甲酯的研究,目的是通过优化反应条件,简化操作,提高产率,降低合成成本。通过对溶剂、催化剂用量、投料比、反应温度和反应液浓度等条件的优化,以两步80%左右合成收率制备3-(1-甲基-5-甲硫基-1-H-四氮唑)-氨基头孢烷酸二苯基亚甲酯。     

(R)-(-)-1-(2-萘基)-2-N-甲基氨基乙醇的合成

目的研究拟β-肾上腺素(R)-(-)-1-(2-萘基)-2-N-甲基氨基乙醇(1)的合成方法.方法以β-萘乙烯(2)为原料,通过烯烃的Sharpless不对称双羟化、环化、选择性开环、催化氢化、甲酰化、还原等6步反应制备目标产物.结果与结论设计的合成路线以β-萘乙烯计,6步反应总收率为39.3%,ee值高达97%～99%,合成路线易行.目标产物的结构经质谱、红外光谱、1H-NMR和13C-NMR确证.     

2-(2-(3-(2-(7-氯-2-喹啉基)乙烯基)苯基)-3-氧代丙基)苯基丙醇的合成工艺

目的对2-(2-(3-(2-(7-氯-2-喹啉基)乙烯基)苯基-3-氧代丙基)苯基)丙醇的合成工艺进行研究。方法以间氰基苯甲醛和邻甲基苯乙酮分别作为起始原料,经过缩合、格氏反应、羟基保护、羟甲基反应、卤化反应,缩合得到最终目标产物。结果总收率为质量分数47.5%。结论该工艺原料易得,降低了制备成本、简化了反应操作条件、提高了产率,更适合工业化生产。     

Synthesis of (Z)-2-(2-formamido-4-thiazolyl)-2-(substituted alkoxyimino) acetic acids

(Z)-2-(2-formamido-4-thiazolyl)-2-(substituted alkoxyimino) acetic acids were synthesized by a new method based on the following sequence of reactions: treatment of the tert-butyl acetoacetate with sodium nitrite, alkylation of the oxime formed with an appropriate alkyl halide, halogenation of methyl alpha-keto group and simultaneous cleavage of tert-butyl ester with sulfuryl chloride, protection of the obtained acid function with diphenyldiazomethane, formation of the 2-aminothiazole ring by the Hantzsch method with thiourea, formylation of the amino group and selective final cleavage of the diphenylmethyl ester by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid and anisol. The developed procedure allows the synthesis of (Z)-2-(2-formamido-4-thiazolyl)-2-(substituted alkoxyimino) acetic acids, with an ester function in the alkoxyimino group employing a simple method and obtaining higher yields in comparison with the habitually used classic method.     

Genotoxic Properties of (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU)

(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) is a 5-substituted2'-deoxyuridine antiviral compound that inhibits thymidylatesynthetase. The selectivity of BVDU for virus-infected cellshas been attributed to phosphorylation of BVDU by a virus-inducedthymidine kinase. Since the closely related compounds 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridineand 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine are in vitro and in vivo mutagens,BVDU was tested for genotoxic activity in bacterial and mammaliancell mutation assays as well as in assays measuring DNA damage/repairand clastogenic activity. Mutation assays with BVDU at concentrationsranging from 10 to 5000 µg/plate using Salmonella typhimuriumstrains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100 were negative,both with and without S9 activation. BVDU was also negativein the in vitro rat hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis assayat concentrations of 750 and 1000 µg/ml. In contrast,BVDU was positive in the L5178Y TK^± mouse lymphoma mutationassay without S9 activation at five concentrations ranging from500 to 2000 µg/ml. A Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO)/hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene mutation assay conductedwithout S9 over similar concentrations was negative. However,micronucleus induction by BVDU was detected with out S9 activationat concentrations between 500 and 1750 µg/ml using bothCHO and L5178Y cells. These results indicate that BVDU is apotential human clastogen.     

Cyclisierungen von N-(2-Phenylethyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzamiden

Cyclisation of N-(2-Phenylethyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzamides The cyclisation of the hydroxyamides 3 according to Bischler-Napieralski proceeds in three ways depending on the substituents at the aromatic rings: The amides 3c and 3d , the phenylethylamine parts (ring A) of which are not activated, close only ring C. The amide 3b , which is activated in ring A but - with regard to nucleophilic attack - deactivated in ring D (lactone part), closes ring B, too, after ring C has been closed. Finally, with 3a activated in ring A only, Bischler-Napieralski cyclisation (formation of ring B) takes place first and intramolecular N-alkylation (formation of ring C) follows.     

Synthesis and antiviral activity of the carbocyclic analogues of (E)-5-(2-halovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridines and (E)-5-(2-halovinyl)-2'-deoxycytidines

The carbocyclic analogues of the potent and selective antiherpes agents (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU), (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (IVDU), and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxycytidine (BVDC) were synthesized by conventional methods with use of carbocyclic 2'-deoxyuridine as starting material. C-BVDU, C-IVDU, and C-BVDC were equally selective, albeit slightly less potent, in their antiherpes action than BVDU, IVDU, and BVDC. Although resistant to degradation by pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases, C-BVDU did not prove more effective than BVDU in the systemic (oral, intraperitoneal) or topical treatment of HSV-1 infections in mice.     

Transporter-mediated actions of R-(-)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane

R-(-)-1-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane [(-)-BPAP] is a catecholaminergic and serotonergic activity enhancer that increases impulse-evoked catecholamine and serotonin release from nerve terminals, and is a candidate for symptomatic treatment of early Parkinson's disease. We now report the catecholamine and serotonin transporter-mediated actions of (-)-BPAP. The effects of (-)-BPAP on inhibition of neurotransmitter uptake and radioligand binding were assessed using human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK 293 cells) expressing cDNA for the human dopamine transporter (hDAT), norepinephrine transporter (hNET), and serotonin transporter (hSERT). The IC(50) values for the effects of (-)-BPAP on [3H]dopamine, [3H]norepinephrine, and [3H]serotonin uptake were 42+/-9, 52+/-19, and 640+/-120 nM, respectively. The IC(50) values for the effects of (-)-BPAP on [125I]3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane-2 beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester ([125I]RTI-55) binding to hDAT, hNET, and hSERT were 16+/-2, 211+/-61, and 638+/-63 nM, respectively. The effects of (-)-BPAP on spontaneous and tyramine-induced norepinephrine and dopamine release from rat brain synaptosomes using a superfusion system were also assessed. Tyramine but not (-)-BPAP potentiated norepinephrine release. Furthermore, (-)-BPAP inhibited tyramine-induced norepinephrine release. Thus, (-)-BPAP may block tyramine-induced adverse effects such as hypertensive crisis. The actions of (-)-BPAP on the spontaneous and tyramine-induced dopamine release resembled its effects on norepinephrine release. We conclude that (-)-BPAP is not only catecholaminergic and serotonergic activity enhancer, but also a norepinephrine and dopamine uptake inhibitor and a weak serotonin uptake inhibitor that does not possess a tyramine-like action on catecholamine release, and is an inhibitor of tyramine-induced release of norepinephrine.