无线传感器网络数据的零范数最小化重构

利用压缩感知理论重构网络数据可有效减少无线传感器网络数据传输能耗。已有重构算法复杂度高,难以满足无线传感器网络的高实时性要求。为提高基于压缩感知理论的网络数据重构的实时性,提出一种零范数最小化重构方法。首先构造连续函数对离散的零范数函数进行逼近,然后通过求解连续函数的最优化问题得到零范数最小化的近似解。与以往的压缩感知重构方法相比,零范数最小化重构在保证重构准确度的前提下有效减小了算法复杂度。仿真实验验证了所提算法的正确性和有效性。     

WSN中基于压缩感知的异常事件检测方案

异常事件检测问题是无线传感器网络中的研究热点之一。为提高检测效率,提出一种基于压缩感知的异常事件检测方案。通过压缩采样得到各个节点感知数据的测量值,将异常事件检测问题建模为带权的l_1范数最小化问题,采用正交匹配追踪算法进行迭代求解,根据检测函数对求解结果进行判断,并依据判断结果更新权值,开始下一轮迭代,直到检测出无线传感器网络中存在的所有异常事件。仿真实验结果表明,该方案的漏检率和误警率较低,与CCM和GEP-ADS方案相比,分别能节省约4.1%和5.8%的能耗。     

基于改进SL0压缩感知的WSN多目标定位

为提高定位的精度与速度,将改进的平滑[l0]（smoothed [l0],SL0）压缩感知算法应用于无线传感网络（WSN）定位中。首先通过感知区域的网格化,将定位问题转化为压缩感知问题,采用更陡峭的近似双曲正切函数去逼近[l0]范数,将压缩感知重构中的[l0]范数最小化问题转化为求解光滑函数最小值的最优化问题。其次,针对算法中因最速下降法“锯齿现象”导致的收敛速度慢、估计不精确等缺点,引入了混合优化算法,该算法结合了最速下降法和修正牛顿法的优点,提高了重构精度和速度。仿真结果表明,改进的SL0算法相对于匹配追踪（OMP）、基追踪（BP）、SL0算法等在定位精度与实时性上有了明显提高。     

一种基于变量约简的稀疏优化算法

压缩感知理论能够为处理大规模信号数据提供有效支持.压缩感知中信号的稀疏表示和稀疏重构问题本质是一个稀疏优化问题,该问题是要从满足欠定方程组约束的无穷多解中找到稀疏度最大的解.鉴于此,提出一种基于变量约简求解压缩感知中稀疏优化问题的算法(VRSO),变量约简从欠定方程组约束中挖掘出变量关系,将变量分为核心变量和约简变量并用核心变量表示约简变量,通过设置核心变量中元素为0,将求解整个变量解空间上的最小化问题简化为求解约简变量解空间上的最小化问题.所提出算法通过原子与观测信号的内积大小对核心变量集合进行迭代更新,并找出优化问题的1组稀疏解.实验结果表明,所提出算法的重构误差和稀疏度误差优于匹配追踪算法、正交匹配追踪算法、迭代硬阈值算法等5种所选的对比算法,所求解的信号精度更高、稀疏度更好.     

分形压缩感知高维信号重构方法

压缩感知理论改变了香农采样定理的信号处理思路,具有十分重要的科研应用价值。压缩感知框架下信号重构是获取数字终端产品的关键性环节,典型的重构方法是以基追踪(BP)算法为代表,核心是解决L₁范数最小化问题,但是BP算法在高维的信号重构中表现不佳。因此,本文提出一种基于分形维度的压缩感知高维信号重构方法,采用分形中的Minkowski维度代替L₁范数作为重构问题的目标函数。实验的可视化结果和信噪比均表明,分形压缩感知信号重构方法既保持了BP算法的优点又改善了其维度的广延性。     

基于随机滤波器采样信号的重构算法的研究

为了提高压缩感知中随机滤波器采样信号的重构性能,该文采用L1最小化重构算法对压缩信号进行重构。通过数值试验表明,对于随机滤波器采样的信号,L1最小化重构算法的重构效果优于正交匹配追踪算法的重构效果。     

二阶收敛的光滑正则化压缩感知信号重构方法

目的压缩感知信号重构过程是求解不定线性系统稀疏解的过程。针对不定线性系统稀疏解3种求解方法不够鲁棒的问题:最小化l₀-范数属于NP问题,最小化l₁-范数的无解情况以及最小化l_p-范数的非凸问题,提出一种基于光滑正则凸优化的方法进行求解。方法为了获得全局最优解并保证算法的鲁棒性,首先,设计了全空间信号l₀-范数凸拟合函数作为优化的目标函数;其次,将n元函数优化问题转变为n个一元函数优化问题;最后,求解过程中利用快速收缩算法进行求解,使收敛速度达到二阶收敛。结果该算法无论在仿真数据集还是在真实数据集上,都取得了优于其他3种类型算法的效果。在仿真实验中,当信号维数大于150维时,该方法重构时间为其他算法的50%左右,具有快速性;在真实数据实验中,该方法重构出的信号与原始信号差的F-范数为其他算法的70%,具有良好的鲁棒性。结论本文算法为二阶收敛的凸优化算法,可确保快速收敛到全局最优解,适合处理大型数据,在信息检索、字典学习和图像压缩等领域具有较大的潜在应用价值。     

基于梯度追踪的压缩感知超宽带通信信道估计

针对现有压缩感知超宽带信道估计方法运算复杂度较高的问题,提出了基于梯度追踪算法的压缩感知超宽带信道估计方法.将超宽带信道估计转化为压缩感知的重构问题,并使用梯度追踪算法进行重构得到信道估计值,最终实现信息解调.梯度追踪算法通过每步计算目标函数的负梯度方向和搜索步长,使目标函数沿负梯度方向以此步长搜索得到每步重构值的最优解,从而避免了正交匹配追踪算法中高维度最小二乘运算以及基追踪算法中求解凸优化问题所导致的运算复杂度高的缺点.仿真结果表明该方法相对于正交匹配追踪算法和基追踪算法能够降低运算复杂度,提高运算速度,同时依然能够保证估计效果.     

稀疏信号重构的罚函数神经网络模型

在压缩感知理论中,针对未知信号的稀疏性和信号非零元素位置的不确定性使得稀疏信号的重构比较困难,以及基于贪婪迭代方法的匹配追踪算法和基于凸松弛方法的基追踪算法对稀疏信号的重构概率不高的问题,提出一个罚函数神经网络模型.首先在感知矩阵满足有限等距性(RIP)的前提下,压缩感知问题可以转化为等价的l1-范数最小化问题.然后基于罚函数的思想构造能量函数,建立了解决稀疏信号重构的神经网络模型,并对其收敛性和优化能力进行了理论分析.仿真实验结果表明,仅需较少的观测数,稀疏信号的重构概率就能接近100％;特别是在不同的观测数下,所提出的神经网络模型与正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法、压缩采样匹配追踪(CoSaMP)算法及l1-正则化最小二乘法(l1-LS)相比,信号的重构概率分别平均提高了4.93个百分点、14.07个百分点和2.73个百分点.     

基于SL0范数的改进稀疏信号重构算法

平滑范数（Smoothed l0,SL0）压缩感知重构算法通过引入平滑函数序列将求解最小l0范数问题转化为平滑 函数优化问题,可以有效地用于稀疏信号重构。针对平滑函数的选取和算法稳健性问题,提出一种新的平滑函数序列近似范数,结合梯度投影法优化求解,并进一步提出采用奇异值分解（Singular value decomposition, SVD）方法改进算法的稳健性,实现稀疏度信号的精确重构。仿真结果表明,在相同的测试条件下,本文算法相比OMP算法、SL0算法以及L1-magic算法在重构精度、峰值信噪比方面都有较大改善。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.