Ti-15-3钛合金超塑行为研究

为系统了解Ti-15-3合金的超塑性,研究了固溶态和两种不同变形量冷轧态的Ti-15-3合金板材在700～800 ℃和1×10-4 ～3×10-3s-1应变速率范围内的超塑性行为.结果表明:Ti-15-3合金具有较好的超塑性能,冷轧态合金的延伸率均优于固溶态,且随着板材冷轧变形量的增大而增大;各应变速率下,该合金都在780 ℃时获得最大延伸率和应变速率敏感性指数.在780 ℃和1×10-4s-1条件下拉伸时,冷轧变形量为52%的Ti-15-3合金板材获得了370%的延伸率,m值为O.56;变形温度和速率对合金的超塑性能影响很大,合金的延伸率在730～780 ℃范围内随温度的升高和应变速率的降低而升高,合金的流变应力则随之下降.     

7B04铝合金的超塑变形行为及其机理

在470～530℃、3×10~(-4)～1×10~(-2)s~(-1)条件下对7B04铝合金进行超塑拉伸,在530℃、3×10~(-4)s~(-1)的条件下得到了1663%的最大延伸率。计算结果表明,应变速率敏感性指数m的最大值为0.63。在不同初始应变速率条件下变形激活能Q的计算值分别为158.44 k J/mol、188.13 kJ/mol、177.78 kJ/mol和250.54 kJ/mol。建立7B04铝合金高温变形本构方程并绘制了R-W-S变形机理图。结合微观组织演变和计算结果,分析了超塑变形机理。结果表明,7B04铝合金的主要变形机理为晶格扩散控制、位错滑移协调的晶界滑动。     

Ti6A14V合金的低温超塑性拉伸变形行为

在700℃-850℃的温度范围内对Ti-6%Al-4%V(质量分数)合金板材进行超塑性拉伸试验,研究了应变速率为3×10-4-5×10-38-1条件下的拉伸变形行为.结果表明:Ti6A14V合金在空气中表现出良好的低温超塑性变形能力.在800℃初始应变速率ε=5×10-4s-1条件下,延伸率达到536%.在较低的700℃下变形(ε=5×10-4s-1),延伸率仍然超过了300%.在整个变形温度区间内,应变速率敏感性指数m均为0.3左右,最大值为0.63.在850℃变形激活能与晶界自扩散激活能十分相近,表明晶界扩散控制的晶界滑动是超塑性变形的主要机制.在700-750℃,变形激活能远大于晶界自扩散激活能,位错运动是激活能升高的原因.在800℃变形的激活能介于两者之间,表明随着温度的降低变形机制逐渐发生改变.     

2060-T8E30铝锂合金的高温拉伸变形行为及显微组织研究

利用Sans CMT4104型拉伸试验机、光学显微镜、电子显微镜研究变形温度、应变速率对2060铝锂合金热变形行为与显微组织的影响，分析合金在不同热变形条件下的真应力-真应变曲线，并结合Zener-Hollomon方程得到合金的热变形参数。通过对合金第二相、空洞、断口形貌的观察，研究了合金热拉伸显微组织的演变规律。结果表明：高温拉伸时合金的峰值应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小而下降。合金的延伸率随变形温度的升高而提高，随应变速率的减小先提高后降低，在500℃/0.01 s^-1条件下延伸率最佳，达到170%。通过计算，得到合金的变形激活能为227.28 kJ/mol。显微组织显示，随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小，空洞的数量增多、尺寸增大；在变形温度为475～500℃时，合金析出了第二相并发生了几何动态再结晶。     

AA2195铝锂合金的热变形行为

通过Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机上进行热压缩实验,研究了变形温度为400~500℃,应变速率为0.01~10s~(-1)时2195铝锂合金的热变形行为。通过金相显微镜研究了热变形中显微组织的演变。研究结果表明,该合金流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的提高而增大。该合金流变应力可采用Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,在获得流变应力σ解析表达式中A=7.08018×1012 s~(-1)、α=β/n1=0.01473、n1=5.42929,其热变形激活能为Q=190.27kJ/mol。热加工图表明AA2195铝锂合金适宜加工区为400~430,442~473℃,应变速率为0.01~0.2s~(-1)以及温度范围为477~500℃,应变速率为0.01~0.3s~(-1)的区域。     

电沉积纳米复合材料的超塑性研究

采用脉冲电沉积技术制备了含不同Al2O3颗粒的Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合材料,在应变速率从8.33×10-4s-1到1.67×10-2s-1,温度从723K到823K的范围内,研究了它们的超塑性拉伸变形行为,确定了最佳超塑性条件并获得了最大延伸率.采用SEM和TEM对电沉积和超塑变形前后试件的显微结构进行了表征.应用晶粒长大行为和协调机制对合金和复合材料的超塑性进行了对比研究和讨论.     

应变速率循环法构建TC4-DT钛合金本构方程

采用应变速率循环法在超塑拉伸机上对TC4-DT钛合金进行三组高温超塑性拉伸实验,变形温度为850~890℃,应变速率为3.3×10-5~3.3×10-3s-1。通过对拉伸实验数据的分析计算出TC4-DT钛合金动态再结晶激活能,并利用Arrhenius模型构建TC4-DT高温条件下的超塑性本构方程。结果表明:TC4-DT钛合金的流动应力对变形温度较为敏感,随着温度的升高,流变应力逐渐减小,软化机制愈发明显,870℃附近的超塑性较好,伸长率达到554%。     

应变速率对TWIP钢Fe-23Mn-2Al-O.2C力学性能的影响

开展了固溶处理后TWIP钢Fe-23Mn-2Al-0.2C的拉伸实验,研究了应变速率对其拉伸变形行为的影响.结果表明,当应变速率在2.97×10-4-1.49×10-1s-1范围内变化时,钢的屈服强度没有明显变化,随着应变速率增大,抗拉强度稍有降低,延伸率明显减小.当应变速率较低时,其加工硬化速率随着真应变呈现三个阶段...     

Ti-5Mo-5V-1Cr-3Al合金的热压缩变形行为研究EI北大核心CSCD

采用恒应变速率热压缩模拟实验,对Ti-5Mo-5V-1Cr-3A1（简称1Cr）钛合金在应变速率0.001～1s-1、变形温度700～900℃条件下进行研究.结果表明：该材料的流变应力对温度与应变速率敏感：当变形温度为700～800℃时,真应力-真应变曲线呈现动态再结晶单曲线特征;当变形温度为800～900℃时,低应变速率（0.001s-1）的真应力-真应变曲线呈现动态再结晶多应力峰值曲线特征,高应变速率（0.01～1s-1）的真应力-真应变曲线呈现动态回复曲线特征.1Cr合金在等温压缩变形时的流变行为可用包含Zener-Holomon参数的Arrhenius本构方程描述,变形激活能为456kJ/mol.金相结果显示,材料在热压缩过程中的动态行为除了与变形速率、变形温度等加工参数相关外,也与相应温度、变形速率下材料的组织及相结构有关.合金在低应变速率0.001s 1下热压缩变形时,在接近相变点或以上（800～900℃）温度范围内仍呈现动态再结晶行为,这与材料在此阶段发生的应变诱发马氏体转变密切相关,马氏体相的析出促使材料在热变形时趋向于发生动态再结晶行为.     

纳米Ni和Ni/SiCp纳米复合材料的超塑性

研究了用电沉积方法制备的纳米Ni和Ni/SiCp纳米复合材料的超塑特性,在试验温度410℃和450℃,应变速率为8.3×10-4s-1～5×10-2s-1的条件下,纳米Ni和Ni/SiCp纳米复合材料均表现出超塑性.当温度为450℃、应变速率为1.67×10-2s-1时,在Ni/SiCp中获得最大延伸率为836%;在同样的温度下应变速率为1.67×10-3s-1时纳米Ni获得最大延伸率为550%.对超塑性变形后组织的分析表明,晶界滑移是主要变形机制,晶粒长大至亚微米/微米量级后,变形机制是位错协调晶界滑移和位错滑移塑性.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.