非调质钢表面硬化处理工艺

试验用非调质钢为F35MnV、F38MnVS、F40MnVS、F45MnVS及F49MnVS铁素体-珠光体钢和F12Mn2VBS贝氏体钢。对这些钢进行了表面硬化处理试验。结果表明,铁素体-珠光体型非调质钢可采用气体渗氮、离子渗氮和气体氮碳共渗以提高其表面硬度和耐磨性,但贝氏体非调质钢氮碳共渗处理后,其冲击韧度从46.7 J降低到了35.0 J,故不宜采用该工艺进行表面硬化。此外,F40MnVS钢的高频感应淬硬层表面硬度和硬化层深度与45钢的基本相同,经渗氮处理的F35MnV和F40MnVS钢渗层的化合物层比40Cr、45和38CrMoAlA钢的薄,而扩散层较厚者厚,表面硬度比40Cr、45钢高,比38CrMoAlA钢低。经气体氮碳共渗的非调质钢具有良好的综合力学性能。     

4Cr5MoSiV1（H13）钢的气体氮碳共渗

为提高热作模具钢4CrSMoSiV1钢的耐磨性和热疲劳性能,对其进行氮碳共渗处理。试验表明,对于4Cr5MoSiV1钢,采用NH3和CO2作渗剂进行氮碳共渗,产品的质量比采用其他氮碳共渗工艺处理的更稳定,渗层表面硬度与气体渗氮层相接近。     

低温离子氮碳共渗温度对AerMet100钢摩擦学性能的影响

研究了不同温度对AerMet100钢渗氮层和氮碳共渗层的显微组织、表面硬度、渗层截面硬度梯度以及耐磨性的影响,并考察了渗层的磨损机理。结果表明,氮碳共渗层相较于渗氮层表面生成的化合物更加细小,表面更加平整光滑;离子渗氮、离子氮碳共渗处理都可显著提高AerMet100钢的表面硬度;随着温度的增加,共渗层厚度也明显增加;氮碳共渗层比渗氮层具有更低的摩擦因数,在共渗温度为480 ℃时氮碳共渗试样具有最低摩擦因数和磨损率,表现出最佳的耐磨性。渗氮层的磨损机理为氧化磨损和表面疲劳磨损,氮碳共渗层的磨损机理为氧化磨损、磨粒磨损以及表面疲劳磨损。     

柴油机45钢齿轮的气体氮碳共渗

本文综述了柴油机 45钢齿轮经气体氮碳共渗工艺处理后的组织性能。结果表明 ,用5 70℃× 2 .5h的气体氮碳共渗 ,可使齿轮获得 0 .2 5mm的化合物层和扩散层 ,表面硬度可达5 0 0HV0 .1,且畸变量小、寿命高。     

38CrMoAlA、40Cr钢经不同渗氮工艺处理后的性能研究

研究了38CrMoAlA和40Cr钢经气体渗氮、气体氮碳共渗、离子渗氮处理后渗氮层的组织、硬度、摩擦磨损和腐蚀性能。试验结果表明，38CrMoAlA钢渗氮层的硬度及在3．5％NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能高于40Cr钢，但抗摩擦磨损性能不如40Cr钢。依气体渗氮、气体氮碳共渗到离子渗氮的顺序，渗氮层的抗磨损性能逐次提高，但抗腐蚀能力逐次降低。从钢的化学成分、渗氮层的硬度和韧性出发，对38CrMoAlA和40Cr钢渗氮层的性能差异进行了分析与总结。     

气体软氮化工艺研究新进展

气体软氮化是以渗氮为主的低温氮碳共渗,钢表面渗入氮原子的同时,还有少量的碳原子渗入而形成极其细小的碳化物,碳化物作为媒介可促进渗氮。由于该工艺处理温度低,时间短,所以工件变形小,脆性低。综述了以提高表面硬度、抑制表层脆性、高温短时等为主的气体软氮化工艺的发展状况,分别从稀土催渗、多元共渗、周期循环渗氮、可控气氛渗氮和奥氏体软氮化等5个方面阐述了气体软氮化渗层性能的影响机理和研究现状,并介绍了35钢增压喷丸表面纳米化对气体软氮化过程的影响,展望了表面纳米化用于气体软氮化的发展前景。     

高速钢氧氮共渗与渗氮后氧化的组织与性能比较

采用金相分析、显微硬度测试和防锈性湿热试验等方法对比研究了W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢经氧氮共渗和渗氮后氧化处理的组织与性能.结果表明,W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢经氧氮共渗和渗氮后氧化处理都可获得具有化合物层和扩散层的渗层组织;氧氮共渗层的硬度明显高于普通气体渗氮,而渗氮后氧化的渗层硬度与普通气体渗氮相差不大;在选择合适通空气量和后氧化温度的条件下,氧氮共渗和渗氮后氧化处理都可获得优于普通气体渗氮的防锈性能,其中以30%(vol.)空气量氧氮共渗试样表面的防锈性能最好,其次是渗氮 350 ℃后氧化处理的试样.     

38CrMoAl钢循环等离子氮碳氧硫共渗工艺的研究

对38CrMoA l钢进行了常规等离子渗氮、循环等离子渗氮以及循环等离子氮碳氧硫共渗处理,研究这几种工艺对表面硬度、渗层组织、硬度梯度的影响。结果表明：循环等离子氮碳氧硫共渗有利于形成共渗元素进一步扩散的通道,加速共渗元素的渗入;综合表面硬度和渗层厚度,循环等离子氮碳氧硫共渗工艺明显优于常规等离子渗氮和循环等离子渗氮。     

表面改性技术对38CrMoAl钢组织与性能的影响

对38CrMoAl钢进行碳氮共渗、氮碳共渗和脉冲真空渗氮处理,研究了表面改性后钢的显微组织、表面相结构、硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,碳氮共渗试样表面组织为回火马氏体;氮碳共渗试样表面组织为Fe24N10化合物;脉冲真空渗氮试样表面组织为Fe2-3N化合物。脉冲真空渗氮试样的表面硬度最高(1 026 HV),磨损量最少;氮碳共渗试样的耐腐蚀性能最好,其锈蚀等级为4级。     

碳在铁素体氮碳共渗中的作用——兼论用短时渗氮取代氮碳共渗的可行性

为了探讨碳在铁素体氮碳共修中的作用，采用相同温度和时间进行铁素体氮碳共渗和短时渗氮试验。然后进行金相观察和显微硬度测定、耐磨试验、弯曲试验和扭转试验。试验结果与传统的观点相反。铁素体氮碳共渗的一系列优点并非是碳和氮的同时渗入而是由于形成厚度恰当的化合物层。碳并未表现出“加速渗氮”作用，反而明显降低渗层韧性。对于中碳以上的碳钢和合金钢，在渗氮的同时渗入碳并未进一步提高渗层硬度和耐磨性，因此，除了低碳钢经铁素体氮碳共渗后提高化合物层耐磨性外，短时渗氮可广泛替代铁素体氮碳共渗工艺，从根本上解决铁素体氮碳共渗的环境污染。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.