01570铝合金热变形行为的实验研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对圆柱试样进行恒温和恒速压缩变形实验，研究了01570铝合金在变形温度为360-480℃、应变速率为0．001～1s^-1条件下的流变变形行为。结果表明：应变速率和变形温度对合金流变应力的大小有显著影响，流变应力随温度升高而降低，随应变速率的提高而增大，达到峰值后趋于平稳，表现出动态回复的特征。可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数描述01570铝合金高温塑性变形时的流变行为。     

2519铝合金热变形流变行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机进行高温等温压缩实验,研究了2519铝合金在变形温度为300～450℃、应变速率为0.01～10 s-1条件下的流变变形行为.结果表明:应变速率和变形温度对合金流变应力的大小有显著影响,流变应力随温度升高而降低,随应变速率的提高而增大,在应变速率ε＜10 s-1条件下,流变应力开始随应变增加而增大,达到峰值后趋于平稳,表现出动态回复的特征;而在ε=10 s-1,t≥350℃的变形条件下,合金发生了局部动态再结晶.可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数描述2519铝合金高温塑性变形时的流变行为.     

Al—Cu—Mg—Ag合金热变形本构方程模型

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上进行高温等温压缩试验,研究了Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金在变形温度为300～500 ℃、应变速率为0.01～10.00 s-1条件下的流变变形行为,建立了Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金热变形本构方程.结果表明,流变应力随温度的降低、应变速率的提高而增大,在应变速率小于10.00 s-1的条件下,流变应力随应变增加而迅速增大,达到峰值后趋于平稳,表现出动态回复的特征;在应变速率为10.00 s-1,温度大于300 ℃的条件下,应力达到峰值后逐渐下降,并出现锯齿波动现象,表明合金发生了局部动态再结晶;Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金高温变形时的流变行为可用Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,其变形激活能为160.08 kJ/mol.     

3104铝合金高温热压缩变形流变行为研究

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对3104铝合金进行热压缩变形实验,变形温度为300～500℃.变形速率为0.01～20 s-1.结果表明:在低应变速率条件下,流动应力随着应变的增加而增大,达到峰值后趋于平稳,表现出动态回复特征:而在高应变速率条件下,随着应变的增加,流动应力出现锯齿波动,达到峰值后逐渐下降,表现出不连续动态再结晶特征.本构分析表明:可以采用双曲正弦来描述3104铝合金高温热压缩变形流变行为,热变形激活能为215kJ/mol.     

2519铝合金热压缩变形流变应力行为

在 Gleeble- 15 0 0热模拟机上对 2 5 19铝合金进行等温热压缩实验 ,变形温度为 30 0～ 5 0 0℃ ,应变速率为0 .0 5～ 2 5 s- 1 ,研究其热压缩变形的流变应力行为。结果表明 :2 5 19铝合金真应力 -应变曲线在低应变速率 (ε<2 5 s- 1 )条件下 ,流变应力开始随应变增加而增大 ,达到峰值后趋于平稳 ,表现出动态回复特征 ;而在高应变速率 (ε≥ 2 5 s- 1 )条件下 ,应力出现锯齿波动达到峰值后逐渐下降 ,表现出不连续再结晶特征。在用 Arrhenius方程描述 2 5 19铝合金热变形行为时 ,其变形激活能 Q为 16 7.81k J/ mol     

2026铝合金热压缩变形流变行为研究

在Gleeble-1500热模机上对2026铝合金进行了热压缩实验,研究该合金在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0.01～10 S-1条件下热压缩变形流变应力行为.结果表明:流变应力开始随应变的增加而增大,出现峰值后逐渐减小并趋于平稳,表现出流变软化特征;应力峰值随温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的增大而增大;可用包含Zener-Hollomon参数的Arrhenius双曲正弦关系来描述2026铝合金热变形行为,其变形激活能为256.02KJ/mol.合金热压缩变形的主要软化机制由动态回复转化为连续动态再结晶.     

3003铝合金热变形流变应力特征

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机进行圆柱体压缩实验．研究了3003铝合金在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0．01～10s^-1、真应变为0～0．8条件下的流变应力特征。结果表明．流变应力随温度升高而降低，随应变速率的提高而增大；在应变速率小于10s^-1。时，3003铝合金首先出现加工硬化，流变应力达到峰值后单调下降，趋于平稳，表现出动态回复的特征；而在应变速率为10s^-1、变形温度在350℃以上时，合金发生了局部动态再结晶；可用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来描述3003铝合金热压缩变形时的流变应力行为。     

99.992%高纯多晶铝热压缩流变应力特征

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机进行高温等温压缩试验,研究了99.992%高纯铝在变形温度为260～500℃、应变速率为0.002～2 s-1条件下的流变应力特征.结果表明,低温(T＝260℃)、高应变速率(＝2 s-1)时其流变应力达到峰值后趋于稳定,表现出动态回复特征;而在较高温度(T≥400℃)及较低应变速率(≤0.2 s-1)下流变应力达到峰值后随应变的增加而不断下降,表现出动态再结晶特征.用Zenner-Hollomon参数的幂函数形式能较好的描述99.992%高纯铝高温塑性变形时的流变应力行为.     

2A70铝合金热变形应力行为研究

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上，对2A70铝合金进行等温热压缩试验，变形温度为300℃～500℃，应变速率为0．01s^-1～10s^-1，研究其热压缩变形的流变应力行为。结果表明：2A70铝合金真应力-应变曲线中，流变应力开始随应变增加而增大，达到峰值后趋于平稳，表现出动态回复特征；在应变速率ε=1．0s^-1，变形温度高于420℃条件下，应力出现锯齿波动，表现出不连续动态再结晶特征。在用本构方程描述2A70铝合金热变形行为时，其变形激活能Q为180．83kJ／mol。     

7055铝合金高温流变应力特征及本构方程

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机进行高温等温压缩试验, 研究了7055合金在变形温度为300～450 ℃、应变速率为10-2～10 s-1条件下的流变应力特征.结果表明, 该合金为正应变速率敏感材料,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增大,随温度升高而减小.流变应力开始随应变增加而增大,达到峰值后趋于平稳, 表现出动态回复的特征.通过线性回归分析计算出该材料的应变硬化指数n为5.776 83以及变形激活能Q为146.400 7 kJ/mol, 获得了该合金高温条件下的流变应力本构方程.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.